iRobot Corporation Form S-1/A
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
September 30, 2005
Registration No. 333-126907
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
Amendment No. 2 to
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
iROBOT CORPORATION
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
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Delaware |
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8731 |
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77-0259 335 |
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization) |
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(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number) |
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(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number) |
63 South Avenue
Burlington, Massachusetts 01803
(781) 345-0200
(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number,
Including Area Code, of Registrants Principal Executive
Offices)
Colin M. Angle
Chief Executive Officer
iRobot Corporation
63 South Avenue
Burlington, Massachusetts 01803
(781) 345-0200
(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number,
Including Area Code, of Agent For Service)
Copies to:
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Mark T. Bettencourt, Esq.
Edward A. King, Esq.
Goodwin Procter LLP
Exchange Place
Boston, Massachusetts 02109
(617) 570-1000 |
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Mark G. Borden, Esq.
Omar White, Esq.
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP
60 State Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02109
(617) 526-6000 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the
public: As soon as practicable after this registration
statement becomes effective.
If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be
offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to
Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the
following
box. o
If this form is filed to register additional securities for an
offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act,
check the following box and list the Securities Act registration
statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same
offering. o
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to
Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following
box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of
the earlier effective registration statement for the same
offering. o
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to
Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following
box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of
the earlier effective registration statement for the same
offering. o
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to
Rule 434, check the following
box. o
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on
such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective
date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which
specifically states that this registration statement shall
thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a)
of the Securities Act or until the registration statement shall
become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant
to said Section 8(a), shall determine.
The information
contained in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed.
Neither we nor the selling stockholders may sell these
securities until the registration statement filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus
is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not
soliciting offers to buy these securities in any state where the
offer or sale is not
permitted.
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PROSPECTUS (Subject to
Completion)
Issued ,
2005
COMMON STOCK
iRobot Corporation is
offering shares
of its common stock, and the selling stockholders are
offering shares
of common stock. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale
of shares by the selling stockholders. This is our initial
public offering, and no public market currently exists for our
shares. We anticipate that the initial public offering price
will be between
$ and
$ per
share.
We have applied to list our common stock on the NASDAQ
National Market under the symbol IRBT.
Investing in our common stock involves risks. See
Risk Factors beginning on page 6.
PRICE
$ A
SHARE
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Underwriting |
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Proceeds to |
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Proceeds to |
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Price to |
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Discounts and |
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iRobot |
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Selling |
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Public |
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Commissions |
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Corporation |
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Stockholders |
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Per Share
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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Total
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Selling stockholders have granted the underwriters the right
to purchase up to an
additional shares
to cover over-allotments.
The Securities and Exchange Commission and state securities
regulators have not approved or disapproved these securities, or
determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any
representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The underwriters expect to deliver the shares to purchasers
on ,
2005.
FIRST ALBANY CAPITAL
NEEDHAM & COMPANY, LLC
ADAMS HARKNESS
,
2005
TABLE OF CONTENTS
You should rely only on the information contained in this
prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with
information different from that contained in this prospectus. We
and the selling stockholders are offering to sell, and seeking
offers to buy, shares of our common stock only in jurisdictions
where offers and sales are permitted. The information in this
prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus,
regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any
sale of shares of our common stock.
Until ,
2005 (25 days after the commencement of this offering), all
dealers that buy, sell or trade shares of our common stock,
whether or not participating in this offering, may be required
to deliver a prospectus. This delivery requirement is in
addition to the obligation of dealers to deliver a prospectus
when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold
allotments or subscriptions.
i
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
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This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in
this prospectus. This summary does not contain all of the
information you should consider before investing in our common
stock. You should read this entire prospectus carefully,
especially the risks of investing in our common stock discussed
under Risk Factors beginning on page 6, and the
consolidated financial statements and notes to those
consolidated financial statements, before making an investment
decision. |
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iROBOT CORPORATION
Overview
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iRobot provides robots that enable people to complete complex
tasks in a better way. Founded in 1990 by roboticists who
performed research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
we have developed proprietary technology incorporating advanced
concepts in navigation, mobility, manipulation and artificial
intelligence to build industry-leading robots. Our Roomba floor
vacuuming robot and recently announced Scooba floor washing
robot perform time-consuming domestic chores, and our PackBot
tactical military robots perform battlefield reconnaissance and
bomb disposal. In addition, we are developing the Small Unmanned
Ground Vehicle reconnaissance robot for the
U.S. Armys transformational Future Combat Systems
program and, in conjunction with Deere & Company, the
R-Gator unmanned ground vehicle. We sell our robots to consumers
through a variety of distribution channels, including over 7,000
retail locations and our on-line store, and to the
U.S. military and other government agencies worldwide. |
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As of July 2, 2005, we had 214 full-time employees, of
whom over half are engineers specializing in the design of
robots. We have developed expertise in all the disciplines
necessary to build durable, high-performance and cost-effective
robots through the close integration of software, electronics
and hardware. Our core technologies serve as reusable building
blocks that we adapt and expand to develop next generation and
new products, reducing the time, cost and risk of product
development. Our significant expertise in robot design and
engineering, combined with our management teams experience
in military and consumer markets, positions us to capitalize on
the expected growth in the market for robots. |
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Over the past three years, we sold more than 1.2 million of
our Roomba floor vacuuming robots. We also sold to the
U.S. military during that time more than 200 of our PackBot
tactical military robots, most of which have been deployed on
missions in Afghanistan and Iraq. |
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Market Opportunity
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Over the past several decades, the desire to continue to improve
productivity and quality of life has led to the development of
robots. Historical attempts at producing robots have had limited
success due to the inherent complexities in integrating multiple
technologies to deliver truly functional robots at affordable
prices. Behavior-based robots, which represent a new generation
of robots, can effectively deal with dynamic and changing
environments, and are particularly well suited for consumer,
military and industrial tasks that are repetitive, physically
demanding or dangerous. The need for robots has increased in
parallel with the evolution of robot technology. |
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We believe that the demand for robots that can complete domestic
chores is developing rapidly due to demographic trends,
including the aging population, increasing prevalence of
dual-income households, declining birth rates and ongoing
reduction in peoples free time. According to
the 2004 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe in
cooperation with the International Federation of Robotics, there
will be approximately $2.6 billion spent worldwide on
household robots from 2004 through 2007. |
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The worldwide need for security and the transformation of the
military are driving the market opportunity in the defense and
government sector for automated and unmanned systems. The shift
to less traditional warfare, a declining pool of available
military personnel, increasing costs of military personnel, and
political ramifications of personnel casualties are driving the
military to develop alternatives to its human-capital resources.
Warfare modernization directives incorporate the use of robots
in accordance with the National Defense Authorization Act of
2001, which stated the goal that by 2015, one-third of the
operational ground combat vehicles of the Armed Forces are
unmanned.
1
We believe that the sophisticated technologies in our existing
consumer and military applications are adaptable to a broad
array of markets such as law enforcement, homeland security,
commercial cleaning, elderly care, oil services, home
automation, landscaping, agriculture and construction.
Our Solution
Innovation is at the core of iRobot. Our innovation engine,
comprised of our robot technology, roboticists and robot market
experience, enables us to design and introduce new products
rapidly in a wide range of markets. Our robots are designed to
perform complex tasks in a better way.
Better Results. Our robots help perform dull, dirty or
dangerous missions with better results. Our Roomba floor
vacuuming robot cleans under beds and other furniture, resulting
in significantly cleaner floors because it can access more of
the floor than standard upright vacuum cleaners. Our PackBot
tactical military robot is credited with saving the lives of
U.S. service personnel in Afghanistan and Iraq by
performing dangerous military missions that would otherwise have
been performed by soldiers.
Easy-to-Use. Our robots encompass advanced technology and
a user-friendly design that make them easy to set up, operate
and maintain. Our Roomba robots work at the touch of a single
button, appealing to consumers intuition and requiring
extremely limited set-up and learning time. Our PackBot robots,
while entailing greater user interaction, require only a few
hours of training for their users.
Cost-Effective. We believe our robots deliver high value
for their cost. Our PackBot robots cost relatively little when
compared to the value of saving the lives of armed forces
personnel. Our Roomba robots reduce the time spent by customers
to clean rooms quickly and effectively, and are priced
competitively with traditional vacuum cleaners.
Safe and Durable. Safety and durability are key design
objectives of all our products. For example, our PackBot robots
have been developed with a patented, safe-firing circuit
designed to prevent accidental discharge or detonation. Our
Roomba robots have a triple-redundant system to prevent them
from falling down stairs and undergo severe quality control
tests that include compression and drop tests.
Our Strategy
Our objective is to rapidly invent, design, market and support
innovative robots that will expand our leadership globally in
our existing markets and newly addressable markets. Key elements
of our strategy to achieve this objective include:
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Deliver Great Products and Continue to Expand Our Existing
Markets. Our strategy is to deliver innovative products
rapidly at economical price points and continue to extend our
consumer and military product offerings. |
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Innovate to Penetrate New Markets. Our culture of
innovation and experience enables us to rapidly develop robots
for use in a broad range of applications and to penetrate new
market segments globally. |
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Complement Our Core Competencies With Strategic
Alliances. We rely on strategic alliances to provide
complementary competencies and enhance our ability to enter and
compete in new markets. |
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Leverage Our Research and Development Efforts Across
Different Products and Markets. By using our research and
development across all our products and markets, our strategy is
to develop cost-effective robots and rapidly bring them to
market. |
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Build a Community of Third-Party Developers Around Our
Platforms. Our extendable product platforms with open
interfaces allow us to foster a community of third-party
developers that we believe will enable us to expand our
footprint while maintaining market leadership. |
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Continue to Strengthen Our Brand. To strengthen our
brand, we will reinforce our message of innovation, reliability,
safety and value through continued investment in our marketing
programs. |
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Continue to Invest Aggressively in Our Business and Our
People. We will maximize long-term profitability by
continuing to invest significant resources over the next several
years in our product development and sales efforts, and in
training highly-qualified personnel. |
2
Risks Associated with Our Business
Our business is subject to numerous risks, as more fully
described under Risk Factors beginning on
page 6, which you should carefully consider prior to
deciding whether to invest in our common stock. For example:
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we have incurred significant losses since inception, including
net losses of $10.8 million, $7.4 million and
$7.2 million in the years ended December 31, 2002 and
2003 and the six months ended July 2, 2005, respectively,
resulting in an accumulated deficit of $34.0 million at
July 2, 2005, and our future profitability is uncertain; |
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we operate in an emerging market, which makes it difficult to
evaluate our business and future prospects; |
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we have generated, and expect to continue to generate, more than
half of our revenue from our Roomba line of floor vacuuming
robots; and |
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we depend on the U.S. federal government for a significant
portion of our revenue. |
Our Corporate Information
We were incorporated in California in August 1990 under the name
IS Robotics, Inc. and reincorporated as IS Robotics Corporation
in Massachusetts in June 1994. We reincorporated in Delaware as
iRobot Corporation in December 2000. Our corporate headquarters
are located at 63 South Avenue, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803,
and telephone number is (781) 345-0200. Our website address
is www.irobot.com. The information on, or that can be
accessed through, our website is not part of this prospectus.
iRobot, Roomba, Scooba, PackBot and AWARE are trademarks of
iRobot Corporation. Gator, M-Gator and R-Gator are trademarks of
Deere & Company. This prospectus also includes other
registered and unregistered trademarks of iRobot Corporation and
other persons.
3
THE OFFERING
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Common stock offered by iRobot
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shares |
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Common stock offered by the selling stockholders
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shares |
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Total
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shares |
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Over-allotment option offered by selling stockholders
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shares |
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Common stock to be outstanding after this offering
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shares |
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Use of proceeds |
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We intend to use the net proceeds to us from this offering for
working capital and other general corporate purposes, including
to finance the development of new products, sales and marketing
activities, capital expenditures and the costs of operating as a
public company. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale
of shares by the selling stockholders. See Use of
Proceeds for more information. |
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Risk factors |
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You should read the Risk Factors section of this
prospectus for a discussion of factors that you should consider
carefully before deciding to invest in shares of our common
stock. |
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Proposed NASDAQ National Market symbol |
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IRBT |
The number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding
following this offering is based on 19,894,820 shares of
our common stock outstanding as of July 2, 2005, and
excludes:
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2,954,233 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of
options outstanding as of July 2, 2005 at a weighted
average exercise price of $2.39 per share; |
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613,623 shares of common stock reserved as of July 2,
2005 for future issuance under our stock-based compensation
plans; and |
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18,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of
a warrant, with an approximate exercise price of $3.74 per
share. |
Unless otherwise indicated, this prospectus reflects and assumes
the following:
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the automatic conversion of all outstanding shares of our
preferred stock into 9,557,246 shares of common stock, upon
the closing of the offering; |
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the filing of our amended and restated certificate of
incorporation and the adoption of our amended and restated
by-laws immediately prior to the effectiveness of this
offering; and |
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no exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option. |
4
SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The tables below summarize our consolidated financial
information for the periods indicated. You should read the
following information together with the more detailed
information contained in Selected Consolidated Financial
Data, Managements Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations and our
consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes.
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Six Months Ended | |
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Year Ended December 31, | |
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June 30, | |
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July 2, | |
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2002 | |
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2003 | |
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2004 | |
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2004 | |
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2005 | |
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(unaudited) | |
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(in thousands, except per share data) | |
Consolidated Statement of Operations:
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Revenue
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Product
revenue(1)
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$ |
6,955 |
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$ |
45,896 |
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$ |
82,147 |
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$ |
23,087 |
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$ |
34,723 |
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Contract revenue
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7,223 |
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7,661 |
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12,365 |
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5,039 |
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8,233 |
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Royalty revenue
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639 |
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759 |
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531 |
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483 |
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62 |
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Total revenue
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14,817 |
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54,316 |
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95,043 |
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28,609 |
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43,018 |
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Cost of Revenue
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Cost of product revenue
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4,896 |
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31,194 |
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59,321 |
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16,471 |
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26,750 |
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Cost of contract revenue
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11,861 |
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6,143 |
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8,371 |
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3,345 |
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5,770 |
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Total cost of revenue
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16,757 |
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37,337 |
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67,692 |
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19,816 |
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32,520 |
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Gross Profit
(Loss)(1)
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(1,940 |
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16,979 |
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27,351 |
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8,793 |
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10,498 |
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Operating Expenses
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Research and development
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1,736 |
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3,848 |
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5,504 |
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2,563 |
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5,713 |
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Selling, general and administrative
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7,128 |
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20,521 |
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21,404 |
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9,188 |
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12,061 |
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Stock-based compensation
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90 |
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Total operating expenses
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8,864 |
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24,369 |
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26,908 |
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11,751 |
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17,864 |
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Operating Income (Loss)
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(10,804 |
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(7,390 |
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443 |
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(2,958 |
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(7,366 |
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Net Income (Loss)
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(10,774 |
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(7,411 |
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219 |
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(3,000 |
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(7,157 |
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Net Income (Loss) Per Share
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Basic
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$ |
(2.00 |
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$ |
(0.79 |
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$ |
0.01 |
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$ |
(0.31 |
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$ |
(0.72 |
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Diluted
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$ |
(2.00 |
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$ |
(0.79 |
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$ |
0.01 |
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$ |
(0.31 |
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$ |
(0.72 |
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Number of Shares Used in Per Share Calculations
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Basic
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5,391 |
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9,352 |
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9,660 |
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9,530 |
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10,008 |
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Diluted
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5,391 |
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9,352 |
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19,183 |
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9,530 |
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10,008 |
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Pro Forma Net Income (Loss)
Data(2):
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Pro Forma Net Income (Loss) Per Share
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Basic
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$ |
0.01 |
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$ |
(0.37 |
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Diluted
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$ |
0.01 |
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$ |
(0.37 |
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Number of Shares Used in Pro Forma Per Share Calculations
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Basic
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18,002 |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
19,565 |
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|
Diluted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19,183 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19,565 |
|
|
|
(1) |
Beginning in the first quarter of 2004, we converted from
recognizing revenue from U.S. consumer product sales on a
sell-through basis (when retail stores sold our
robots) to a sell-in basis (when our robots are
shipped to retail stores). As a result of this conversion, our
revenue and gross profit in the first quarter of 2004 included
$5.7 million and $2.5 million, respectively, from
robots shipped prior to 2004. |
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(2) |
We have computed the pro forma net income (loss) per share and
the pro forma weighted-average shares outstanding included in
the statement of operations data as we describe in Note 2
of the notes to our consolidated financial statements. |
The as adjusted balance sheet data in the table below reflects
the conversion of our convertible preferred stock and our
receipt of estimated net proceeds from our sale
of shares
of common stock that we are offering at an assumed public
offering price of
$ per
share, after deducting estimated discounts and commissions and
estimated offering expenses payable by us.
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July 2, 2005 | |
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|
| |
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Actual | |
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As Adjusted | |
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| |
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| |
|
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(unaudited) | |
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(in thousands) | |
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
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|
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|
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Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$ |
15,090 |
|
|
$ |
|
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Total assets
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|
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40,336 |
|
|
|
|
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Total liabilities
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33,672 |
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|
|
|
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Total redeemable convertible preferred stock
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|
|
37,506 |
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|
|
|
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Total stockholders equity (deficit)
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|
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(30,843 |
) |
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5
RISK FACTORS
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk.
You should carefully consider the following risk factors, as
well as the other information in this prospectus, before
deciding whether to invest in our common stock. If any of the
following risks actually materializes, our business, financial
condition and results of operations would suffer. The trading
price of our common stock could decline as a result of any of
these risks, and you might lose all or part of your investment
in our common stock. You should read the section entitled
Forward-Looking Statements immediately following
these risk factors for a discussion of what types of statements
are forward-looking statements, as well as the significance of
such statements in the context of this prospectus.
Risks Related to Our Business
Our future profitability is uncertain, and we have a
limited operating history on which you can base your evaluation
of our business.
We have incurred significant losses since inception, including
net losses of $10.8 million, $7.4 million and
$7.2 million in the years ended December 31, 2002 and
2003 and the six months ended July 2, 2005, respectively.
As a result of ongoing operating losses, we had an accumulated
deficit of $34.0 million at July 2, 2005. Because we
operate in a rapidly evolving industry, we have difficulty
predicting our future operating results, and we cannot be
certain that our revenue will grow at rates that will allow us
to maintain profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. In
addition, we only have a limited operating history on which you
can base your evaluation of our business. If we fail to maintain
profitability, the market price of our common stock will likely
fall.
We operate in an emerging market, which makes it difficult
to evaluate our business and future prospects.
Robots represent a new and emerging market. Accordingly, our
business and future prospects are difficult to evaluate. We
cannot accurately predict the extent to which demand for
consumer robots will increase, if at all. Moreover, there are
only a limited number of major programs under which the U.S.
federal government is currently funding the development or
purchase of military robots. You should consider the challenges,
risks and uncertainties frequently encountered by companies
using new and unproven business models in rapidly evolving
markets. These challenges include our ability to:
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generate sufficient revenue to maintain profitability; |
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acquire and maintain market share in our consumer and military
markets; |
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manage growth in our operations; |
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attract and retain customers of our consumer robots; |
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develop and renew government contracts for our military robots; |
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attract and retain additional roboticists and other
highly-qualified personnel; |
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adapt to new or changing policies and spending priorities of
governments and government agencies; and |
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access additional capital when required and on reasonable terms. |
If we fail to successfully address these and other challenges,
risks and uncertainties, our business, results of operations and
financial condition would be materially harmed.
Our financial results often vary significantly from
quarter-to-quarter due to a number of factors, which may lead to
volatility in our stock price.
Our quarterly revenue and other operating results have varied in
the past and are likely to continue to vary significantly from
quarter-to-quarter. For instance, our consumer product revenue
is significantly seasonal and, historically, as much as 73% of
our revenue from sales of consumer products has been generated
in the second
6
half of the year. This variability may lead to volatility in our
stock price as equity research analysts and investors respond to
these quarterly fluctuations. These fluctuations will be due to
numerous factors including:
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seasonality in the sales of our consumer products; |
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the size and timing of orders from military and other government
agencies; |
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the mix of products that we sell in the period; |
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disruption of supply of our products from our manufacturers; |
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the inability to attract and retain qualified,
revenue-generating personnel; |
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unanticipated costs incurred in the introduction of new products; |
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costs of labor and raw materials; |
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our ability to introduce new products and enhancements to our
existing products on a timely basis; |
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price reductions; |
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the amount of government funding and the political, budgetary
and purchasing constraints of our government agency
customers; and |
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cancellations, delays or contract amendments by government
agency customers. |
Revenue for any particular quarter and revenue from sales of our
consumer products are difficult to predict. Because of quarterly
fluctuations, we believe that quarter-to-quarter comparisons of
our operating results are not necessarily meaningful. Moreover,
our operating results may not meet expectations of equity
research analysts or investors. If this occurs, the trading
price of our common stock could fall substantially either
suddenly or over time.
A majority of our business currently depends on our
consumer robots, and our sales growth and operating results
would be negatively impacted if we are unable to enhance our
current consumer robots or develop new consumer robots at
competitive prices or in a timely manner.
For the year ended December 31, 2004, we derived 73.8% of
our revenue from our Roomba floor vacuuming robots. For the
foreseeable future, we expect that a majority of our revenue
will continue to be derived from sales of consumer home floor
care products. Accordingly, our future success depends upon our
ability to further penetrate the consumer home floor care
market, to enhance our current consumer products and develop and
introduce new consumer products offering enhanced performance
and functionality at competitive prices. The development and
application of new technologies involve time, substantial costs
and risks. For example, we have devoted significant time and
incurred significant expenses in connection with developing our
Scooba robot, which is designed to sweep, wash, scrub and dry
hard floors, and we plan to commence selling our Scooba robot in
late 2005. Our results in the fourth quarter of 2005 and in 2006
will depend in part on the success of this new product line, and
there can be no assurance that we will not incur delays in the
introduction of our Scooba floor washing robot or that it will
attain market acceptance. Our inability, for technological or
other reasons, to introduce or achieve significant sales of our
Scooba robot, or to enhance, develop and introduce other
products in a timely manner, or at all, would materially harm
our sales growth and operating results.
We depend on the U.S. federal government for a
significant portion of our revenue, and any reduction in the
amount of business that we do with the U.S. federal government
would negatively impact our operating results and financial
condition.
For the year ended December 31, 2004 and for the six months
ended July 2, 2005, we derived 20.1% and 47.6%,
respectively, of our revenue, directly or indirectly, from the
U.S. federal government and its agencies. Any reduction in
the amount of revenue that we derive from the U.S. federal
government without an offsetting increase in new sales to other
customers would have a material adverse effect on our operating
results.
7
Our participation in specific major U.S. federal government
programs is critical to both the development and sale of our
military robots. For example, in the year ended
December 31, 2004, 35.9% of our contract revenue was
derived from our participation in the U.S. Armys
Future Combat Systems program. Future sales of our PackBot
robots will depend largely on our ability to secure contracts
with the U.S. Army under its robot programs. We expect that
there will continue to be only a limited number of major
programs under which U.S. federal government agencies will
seek to fund the development of, or purchase, robots. Our
business will, therefore, suffer if we are not awarded, either
directly or indirectly through third-party contractors,
government contracts for robots that we are qualified to develop
or build. In addition, if the U.S. federal government or
government agencies terminate or reduce the related prime
contract under which we serve as a subcontractor, revenues that
we derive under that contract could be lost, which would
negatively impact our business and financial results. Moreover,
it is difficult to predict the timing of the award of government
contracts and our revenue could fluctuate significantly based on
the timing of any such awards.
Even if we continue to receive funding for research and
development under these contracts, there can be no assurance
that we will successfully complete the development of robots
pursuant to these contracts or that, if successfully developed,
the U.S. federal government or any other customer will
purchase these robots from us. The U.S. federal government
has the right when it contracts to use the technology developed
by us to have robots supplied by third parties. Any failure by
us to complete the development of these robots, or to achieve
successful sales of these robots, would harm our business and
results of operations.
Our contracts with the U.S. federal government
contain certain provisions that may be unfavorable to us and
subject us to government audits, which could materially harm our
business and results of operations.
Our contracts and subcontracts with the U.S. federal
government subject us to certain risks and give the
U.S. federal government rights and remedies not typically
found in commercial contracts, including rights that allow the
U.S. federal government to:
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terminate contracts for convenience, in whole or in part, at any
time and for any reason; |
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reduce or modify contracts or subcontracts if its requirements
or budgetary constraints change; |
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cancel multi-year contracts and related orders if funds for
contract performance for any subsequent year become unavailable; |
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exercise production priorities, which allow it to require that
we accept government purchase orders or produce products under
its contracts before we produce products under other contracts,
which may displace or delay production of more profitable orders; |
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claim certain rights in products provided by us; and |
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control or prohibit the export of certain of our products. |
Several of our prime contracts with the U.S. federal government
do not contain a limitation of liability provision, creating a
risk of responsibility for direct and consequential damages.
Several subcontracts with prime contractors hold the prime
contractor harmless against liability that stems from our work
and do not contain a limitation of liability. These provisions
could cause substantial liability for us, especially given the
use to which our products may be put.
In addition, we are subject to audits by the U.S. federal
government as part of routine audits of government contracts. As
part of an audit, these agencies may review our performance on
contracts, cost structures and compliance with applicable laws,
regulations and standards. If any of our costs are found to be
allocated improperly to a specific contract, the costs may not
be reimbursed and any costs already reimbursed for such contract
may have to be refunded. Accordingly, an audit could result in a
material adjustment to our revenue and results of operations.
Moreover, if an audit uncovers improper or illegal activities,
we may be subject to civil and criminal penalties and
administrative sanctions, including termination of contracts,
forfeiture of profits, suspension of payments, fines and
suspension or debarment from doing business with the government.
8
If any of the foregoing were to occur, or if the U.S. federal
government otherwise ceased doing business with us or decreased
the amount of business with us, our business and operating
results could be materially harmed and the value of your
investment in our common stock could be impaired.
Some of our contracts with the U.S. federal government
allow it to use inventions developed under the contracts and to
disclose technical data to third parties, which could harm our
ability to compete.
Some of our contracts allow the U.S. federal government
rights to use, or have others use, patented inventions developed
under those contracts on behalf of the government. Some of the
contracts allow the federal government to disclose technical
data without constraining the recipient in how that data is
used. The ability of third parties to use patents and technical
data for government purposes creates the possibility that the
government could attempt to establish additional sources for the
products we provide that stem from these contracts. It may also
allow the government the ability to negotiate with us to reduce
our prices for products we provide to it. The potential that the
government may release some of the technical data without
constraint creates the possibility that third parties may be
able to use this data to compete with us in the commercial
sector.
Government contracts are subject to a competitive bidding
process that can consume significant resources without
generating any revenue.
Government contracts are frequently awarded only after formal
competitive bidding processes, which are protracted. In many
cases, unsuccessful bidders for government agency contracts are
provided the opportunity to protest certain contract awards
through various agency, administrative and judicial channels. If
any of the government contracts awarded to us are protested, we
may be required to expend substantial time, effort and financial
resources without realizing any revenue with respect to the
potential contract. The protest process may substantially delay
our contract performance, distract management and result in
cancellation of the contract award entirely.
We depend on single source manufacturers, and our
reputation and results of operations would be harmed if these
manufacturers fail to meet our requirements.
We currently depend on one contract manufacturer, Jetta Company
Limited, to manufacture our consumer products at a single plant
in China and rely on one contract manufacturer, Gem City
Engineering Corporation, to manufacture our military products at
a single plant in the United States. Moreover, we do not have a
long-term contract with Jetta Company Limited and the
manufacture of our consumer products is provided on a
purchase-order basis. These manufacturers supply substantially
all of the raw materials and provide all facilities and labor
required to manufacture our products. If these companies were to
terminate their arrangements with us or fail to provide the
required capacity and quality on a timely basis, we would be
unable to manufacture our products until replacement contract
manufacturing services could be obtained. To qualify a new
contract manufacturer, familiarize it with our products, quality
standards and other requirements, and commence volume production
is a costly and time-consuming process. We cannot assure you
that we would be able to establish alternative manufacturing
relationships on acceptable terms.
Our reliance on these contract manufacturers involves certain
risks, including the following:
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lack of direct control over production capacity and delivery
schedules; |
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lack of direct control over quality assurance, manufacturing
yields and production costs; |
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lack of enforceable contractual provisions over the production
and costs of consumer products; |
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risk of loss of inventory while in transit from China; and |
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risks associated with international commerce with China,
including unexpected changes in legal and regulatory
requirements, changes in tariffs and trade policies, risks
associated with the protection of intellectual property and
political and economic instability. |
9
Any interruption in the manufacture of our products would be
likely to result in delays in shipment, lost sales and revenue
and damage to our reputation in the market, all of which would
harm our business and results of operations. In addition, while
our contract obligations with our contract manufacturer in China
are typically denominated in U.S. dollars, changes in
currency exchange rates could impact our suppliers and increase
our prices. In particular, the Chinese government recently
announced that the Chinese yuan has moved to a managed floating
exchange rate regime, which could lead to our suppliers in China
negotiating increased pricing terms with us.
Any efforts to expand our product offerings beyond our
current markets may not succeed, which could negatively impact
our operating results.
We have focused on selling our robots in the consumer and
military markets. We plan to expand into other markets. Efforts
to expand our product offerings beyond the two markets that we
currently serve, however, may divert management resources from
existing operations and require us to commit significant
financial resources to an unproven business, either of which
could significantly impair our operating results. Moreover,
efforts to expand beyond our existing markets may never result
in new products that achieve market acceptance, create
additional revenue or become profitable.
If we are unable to implement appropriate controls and
procedures to manage our growth, we may not be able to
successfully implement our business plan.
Our headcount and operations are growing rapidly. This rapid
growth has placed, and will continue to place, a significant
strain on our management, administrative, operational and
financial infrastructure. From December 31, 2004 to
July 2, 2005, the number of our employees increased from
148 to approximately 214. We anticipate further growth will be
required to address increases in our product offerings and the
geographic scope of our customer base. Our success will depend
in part upon the ability of our senior management to manage this
growth effectively. To do so, we must continue to hire, train,
manage and integrate a significant number of qualified managers
and engineers. If our new employees perform poorly, or if we are
unsuccessful in hiring, training, managing and integrating these
new employees, or retaining these or our existing employees, our
business may suffer.
In addition, to manage the expected continued growth of our
headcount and operations, we will need to continue to improve
our information technology infrastructure, operational,
financial and management controls and reporting systems and
procedures, and manage expanded operations in geographically
distributed locations. Our expected additional headcount and
capital investments will increase our costs, which will make it
more difficult for us to offset any future revenue shortfalls by
offsetting expense reductions in the short term. If we fail to
successfully manage our growth we will be unable to successfully
execute our business plan, which could have a negative impact on
our business, financial condition or results of operations.
If the consumer robot market does not experience
significant growth or if our products do not achieve broad
acceptance, we will not be able to achieve our anticipated level
of growth.
We derive a substantial portion of our revenue from sales of our
consumer robots. For the year ended December 31, 2004,
consumer robots accounted for 73.8% of total revenue. We cannot
accurately predict the future growth rate or the size of the
consumer robot market. Demand for consumer robots may not
increase, or may decrease, either generally or in specific
geographic markets, for particular types of robots or during
particular time periods. The expansion of the consumer robot
market and the market for our products depends on a number of
factors, such as:
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the cost, performance and reliability of our products and
products offered by our competitors; |
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public perceptions regarding the effectiveness and value of
robots; |
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customer satisfaction with robots; and |
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marketing efforts and publicity regarding robots. |
10
Even if consumer robots gain wide market acceptance, our robots
may not adequately address market requirements and may not
continue to gain market acceptance. If robots generally, or our
robots specifically, do not gain wide market acceptance, we may
not be able to achieve our anticipated level of growth, and our
revenue and results of operations would suffer.
Our business and results of operations could be adversely
affected by significant changes in the policies and spending
priorities of governments and government agencies.
We derive a substantial portion of our revenue from sales to and
contracts with U.S. federal, state and local governments
and government agencies, and subcontracts under federal
government prime contracts. For the year ended December 31,
2004 and the six months ended July 2, 2005, U.S. federal
government orders, contracts and subcontracts accounted for
20.1% and 47.6% of total revenue, respectively. We believe that
the success and growth of our business will continue to depend
on our successful procurement of government contracts either
directly or through prime contractors. Many of our government
customers are subject to stringent budgetary constraints and our
continued performance under these contracts, or award of
additional contracts from these agencies, could be jeopardized
by spending reductions or budget cutbacks at these agencies. We
cannot assure you that future levels of expenditures and
authorizations will continue for governmental programs in which
we provide products and services. A significant decline in
government expenditures generally, or with respect to programs
for which we provide products, could adversely affect our
government product and funded research and development revenues
and prospects, which would harm our business, financial
condition and operating results. Our operating results may also
be negatively impacted by other developments that affect these
governments and government agencies generally, including:
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changes in government programs that are related to our products
and services; |
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adoption of new laws or regulations relating to government
contracting or changes to existing laws or regulations; |
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changes in political or public support for security and defense
programs; |
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delays or changes in the government appropriations process; |
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uncertainties associated with the war on terror and other
geo-political matters; and |
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delays in the payment of our invoices by government payment
offices. |
These developments and other factors could cause governments and
governmental agencies, or prime contractors that use us as a
subcontractor, to reduce their purchases under existing
contracts, to exercise their rights to terminate contracts
at-will or to abstain from renewing contracts, any of which
would cause our revenue to decline and could otherwise harm our
business, financial condition and results of operations.
We face intense competition from other providers of
robots, including diversified technology providers, as well as
competition from providers offering alternative products, which
could negatively impact our results of operations and cause our
market share to decline.
We believe that a number of companies have developed or are
developing robots that will compete directly with our product
offerings. Additionally, large and small companies,
government-sponsored laboratories and universities are
aggressively pursuing contracts for robot-focused research and
development. Many current and potential competitors have
substantially greater financial, marketing, research and
manufacturing resources than we possess, and there can be no
assurance that our current and future competitors will not be
more successful than us. Moreover, while we believe many of our
customers purchase our floor vacuuming robots as a supplement
to, rather than a replacement for, their traditional vacuum
cleaners, we also compete in some cases with providers of
traditional vacuum cleaners. Our current principal competitors
include:
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developers of robotic floor care products such as AB Electrolux,
Alfred Kärcher GmbH & Co., Samsung Electronics
Co., Ltd., Koolatron Corp. and Yujin Robotic Co. Ltd.; |
11
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developers of small unmanned ground vehicles such as
Foster-Miller, Inc. a wholly owned subsidiary of
QinetiQ North America, Inc., Allen-Vanguard
Corporation, and Remotec a division of Northrop Grumman
Corporation; and |
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established government contractors working on unmanned systems
such as Lockheed Martin Corporation, BAE Systems, Inc. and
General Dynamics Corporation. |
In the event that the robot market expands, we expect that
competition will intensify as additional competitors enter the
market and current competitors expand their product lines.
Companies competing with us may introduce products that are
competitively priced, have increased performance or
functionality, or incorporate technological advances that we
have not yet developed or implemented. Increased competitive
pressure could result in a loss of sales or market share or
cause us to lower prices for our products, any of which would
harm our business and operating results.
The market for robots is highly competitive, rapidly evolving
and subject to changing technologies, shifting customer needs
and expectations and the likely increased introduction of new
products. Our ability to remain competitive will depend to a
great extent upon our ongoing performance in the areas of
product development and customer support. We cannot assure you
that our products will continue to compete favorably or that we
will be successful in the face of increasing competition from
new products and enhancements introduced by existing competitors
or new companies entering the markets in which we provide
products. Our failure to compete successfully could cause our
revenue and market share to decline, which would negatively
impact our results of operations and financial condition.
Our business is significantly seasonal and, because many
of our expenses are based on anticipated levels of annual
revenue, our business and operating results will suffer if we do
not achieve revenue consistent with our expectations.
Our consumer product revenue is significantly seasonal.
Historically, as much as 73% of our revenue from sales of
consumer products has been, and a majority of such revenue is
expected to continue to be, generated in the second half of the
year. As a result of this seasonality, we believe that
quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our operating results are not
necessarily meaningful and that these comparisons cannot be
relied upon as indicators of future performance.
We base our current and future expense levels on our internal
operating plans and sales forecasts, including forecasts of
holiday sales for our consumer products. Most of our operating
expenses, such as research and development expenses, advertising
and promotional expenses and employee wages and salaries, do not
vary directly with sales and are difficult to adjust in the
short term. As a result, if sales for a quarter, particularly
the final quarter of a fiscal year, are below our expectations,
we might not be able to reduce operating expenses for that
quarter and would not be able to reduce our operating expenses
for earlier periods during the fiscal year. Accordingly, a sales
shortfall during a fiscal quarter, and in particular the fourth
quarter of a fiscal year, could have a disproportionate effect
on our operating results for that quarter or that year. As a
result of these factors, we may report operating results that do
not meet the expectations of equity research analysts and
investors. This could cause the trading price of our common
stock to decline.
If critical components of our products that we currently
purchase from a small number of suppliers become unavailable, we
may incur delays in shipment, which could damage our
business.
We and our outsourced manufacturers obtain hardware components,
various subsystems and raw materials from a limited group of
suppliers. We do not have any long-term agreements with these
suppliers obligating them to continue to sell components or
products to us. Our reliance on these suppliers involves
significant risks and uncertainties, including whether our
suppliers will provide an adequate supply of required components
of sufficient quality, will increase prices for the components
and will perform their obligations on a timely basis. If we or
our outsourced manufacturers are unable to obtain components
from third-party suppliers in the quantities and of the quality
that we require, on a timely basis and at acceptable prices, we
may not be able to deliver our products on a timely or
cost-effective basis to our customers, which could cause
customers to terminate their contracts with us, reduce our gross
profit and seriously harm our business, results
12
of operations and financial condition. Moreover, if any of our
suppliers become financially unstable, we may have to find new
suppliers. It may take several months to locate alternative
suppliers, if required, or to re-tool our products to
accommodate components from different suppliers. We may
experience significant delays in manufacturing and shipping our
products to customers and incur additional development,
manufacturing and other costs to establish alternative sources
of supply if we lose any of these sources. We cannot predict if
we will be able to obtain replacement components within the time
frames that we require at an affordable cost, or at all.
Our products are complex and could have unknown defects or
errors, which may give rise to claims against us, diminish our
brand or divert our resources from other purposes.
Our robots rely on the interplay among behavior-based
artificially intelligent systems, real-world dynamic sensors,
friendly user interfaces and tightly-integrated,
electromechanical designs to accomplish their missions. Despite
testing, our new or existing products have contained defects and
errors and may in the future contain defects, errors or
performance problems when first introduced, when new versions or
enhancements are released, or even after these products have
been used by our customers for a period of time. These problems
could result in expensive and time-consuming design
modifications or warranty charges, delays in the introduction of
new products or enhancements, significant increases in our
service and maintenance costs, exposure to liability for
damages, damaged customer relationships and harm to our
reputation, any of which could materially harm our results of
operations and ability to achieve market acceptance. In
addition, increased development and warranty costs could be
substantial and could reduce our operating margins. For
instance, we are engaged in a dispute relating to a contract,
entered into in 2001, with a UK government agency that is
claiming it is entitled to a refund of all payments made by it
for the design and development of a robot for ordnance disposal.
Moreover, because military robots are used in dangerous
situations, the failure or malfunction of any of these robots,
including our own, could significantly damage our reputation and
support for robot solutions in general. The existence of any
defects, errors, or failures in our products could also lead to
product liability claims or lawsuits against us. A successful
product liability claim could result in substantial cost,
diminish our brand and divert managements attention and
resources, which could have a negative impact on our business,
financial condition and results of operations.
The robot industry is and will likely continue to be
characterized by rapid technological change, which will require
us to develop new products and product enhancements, and could
render our existing products obsolete.
Continuing technological changes in the robot industry and in
the markets in which we sell our robots could undermine our
competitive position or make our robots obsolete, either
generally or for particular types of services. Our future
success will depend upon our ability to develop and introduce a
variety of new capabilities and enhancements to our existing
product offerings, as well as introduce a variety of new product
offerings, to address the changing needs of the markets in which
we offer our robots. Delays in introducing new products and
enhancements, the failure to choose correctly among technical
alternatives or the failure to offer innovative products or
enhancements at competitive prices may cause existing and
potential customers to forego purchases of our products and
purchase our competitors products. Moreover, the
development of new products has required, and will require, that
we expend significant financial and management resources. We
have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, significant
research and development expenses in connection with our efforts
to expand our product offerings. If we are unable to devote
adequate resources to develop new products or cannot otherwise
successfully develop new products or enhancements that meet
customer requirements on a timely basis, our products could lose
market share, our revenue and profits could decline, or we could
experience operating losses. Moreover, if we are unable to
offset our product development costs through sales of existing
or new products or product enhancements, our operating results
and gross margins would be negatively impacted.
If we are unable to attract and retain additional skilled
personnel, we may be unable to grow our business.
To execute our growth plan, we must attract and retain
additional highly-qualified personnel. Competition for hiring
these employees is intense, especially with regard to engineers
with high levels of
13
experience in designing, developing and integrating robots. Many
of the companies with which we compete for hiring experienced
employees have greater resources than we have. In addition, in
making employment decisions, particularly in the high-technology
industries, job candidates often consider the value of the
equity they are to receive in connection with their employment.
Therefore, significant volatility in the price of our stock
after this offering may adversely affect our ability to attract
or retain technical personnel. Furthermore, changes to
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
relating to the expensing of stock options may discourage us
from granting the sizes or types of stock options that job
candidates may require to accept our offer of employment. If we
fail to attract new technical personnel or fail to retain and
motivate our current employees, our business and future growth
prospects could be severely harmed.
We may be sued by third parties for alleged infringement
of their proprietary rights, which could be costly,
time-consuming and limit our ability to use certain technologies
in the future.
If the size of our markets increases, we would be more likely to
be subject to claims that our technologies infringe upon the
intellectual property or other proprietary rights of third
parties. In addition, the vendors from which we license
technology used in our products could become subject to similar
infringement claims. Our vendors or we may not be able to
withstand third-party infringement claims. Any claims, with or
without merit, could be time-consuming and expensive, and could
divert our managements attention away from the execution
of our business plan. Moreover, any settlement or adverse
judgment resulting from the claim could require us to pay
substantial amounts or obtain a license to continue to use the
technology that is the subject of the claim, or otherwise
restrict or prohibit our use of the technology. There can be no
assurance that we would be able to obtain a license from the
third party asserting the claim on commercially reasonable
terms, if at all, that we would be able to develop alternative
technology on a timely basis, if at all, or that we would be
able to obtain a license to use a suitable alternative
technology to permit us to continue offering, and our customers
to continue using, our affected product. In addition, we may be
required to indemnify our retail and distribution partners for
third-party intellectual property infringement claims, which
would increase the cost to us of an adverse ruling in such a
claim. An adverse determination could also prevent us from
offering our products to others. Infringement claims asserted
against us or our vendors may have a material adverse effect on
our business, results of operations or financial condition.
If we fail to maintain or increase our consumer robot
sales through our primary distribution channels, which include
third-party retailers, our product sales and results of
operations would be negatively impacted.
Chain stores are the primary distribution channels for our
consumer robots and accounted for approximately 55.3% and 30.8%,
respectively, of our revenue for the year ended
December 31, 2004 and the six months ended July 2,
2005. We do not have long-term contracts regarding purchase
volumes with any of our distributors. As a result, purchases
generally occur on an order-by-order basis, and the
relationships, as well as particular orders, can generally be
terminated or otherwise materially changed at any time by our
distributors. A decision by a major retail distributor, whether
motivated by competitive considerations, financial difficulties,
economic conditions or otherwise, to decrease its purchases from
us, to reduce the shelf space for our products or to change its
manner of doing business with us could significantly damage our
consumer product sales and negatively impact our business,
financial condition and results of operations. In addition,
during recent years, various retailers, including some of our
distributors, have experienced significant changes and
difficulties, including consolidation of ownership, increased
centralization of purchasing decisions, restructurings,
bankruptcies and liquidations. These and other financial
problems of some of our retailers increase the risk of extending
credit to these retailers. A significant adverse change in a
retail distributor relationship with us or in a retail
distributors financial position could cause us to limit or
discontinue business with that distributor, require us to assume
more credit risk relating to that distributors receivables
or limit our ability to collect amounts related to previous
purchases by that distributor, all of which could harm our
business and financial condition. Disruption of the iRobot
on-line store could also decrease our consumer robot sales.
14
If we fail to enhance our brand, our ability to expand our
customer base will be impaired and our operating results may
suffer.
We believe that developing and maintaining awareness of the
iRobot brand is critical to achieving widespread acceptance of
our existing and future products and is an important element in
attracting new customers. Furthermore, we expect the importance
of global brand recognition to increase as competition develops.
Successful promotion of our brand will depend largely on the
effectiveness of our marketing efforts, including our mass media
outreach, in-store training and presentations and public
relations, and our ability to provide customers with reliable
and technically sophisticated robots at competitive prices. If
customers do not perceive our products to be of high quality,
our brand and reputation could be harmed, which could adversely
impact our financial results. In addition, brand promotion
efforts may not yield significant revenue or increased revenue
sufficient to offset the additional expenses incurred in
building our brand. If we incur substantial expenses to promote
and maintain our brand, we may fail to attract sufficient
customers to realize a return on our brand-building efforts, and
our business would suffer.
If our existing collaborations are unsuccessful or we fail
to establish new collaborations, our ability to develop and
commercialize additional products could be significantly
harmed.
If we cannot maintain our existing collaborations or establish
new collaborations, we may not be able to develop additional
products. We anticipate that some of our future products will be
developed and commercialized in collaboration with companies
that have expertise outside the robot field. For example, we are
currently collaborating with Deere & Company on the
development of the R-Gator unmanned ground vehicle, and The
Clorox Company on the cleaning solution to be used in our Scooba
floor washing robot. Under these collaborations, we may be
dependent on our collaborators to fund some portion of
development of the product or to manufacture and market either
the primary product that is developed pursuant to the
collaboration or complementary products required in order to
operate our products. In addition, we cannot assure you that we
will be able to establish additional collaborative relationships
on acceptable terms.
Our existing collaborations and any future collaborations with
third parties may not be scientifically or commercially
successful. Factors that may affect the success of our
collaborations include the following:
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our collaborators may not devote the resources necessary or may
otherwise be unable to complete development and
commercialization of these potential products; |
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our existing collaborations are and future collaborations may be
subject to termination on short notice; |
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our collaborators may be pursuing alternative technologies or
developing alternative products, either on their own or in
collaboration with others, that may be competitive with our
products, which could affect our collaborators commitment
to the collaboration with us; |
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reductions in marketing or sales efforts or a discontinuation of
marketing or sales of our products by our collaborators could
reduce our revenue; |
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our collaborators may terminate their collaborations with us,
which could make it difficult for us to attract new
collaborators or harm our reputation in the business and
financial communities; and |
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our collaborators may pursue higher priority programs or change
the focus of their development programs, which would weaken our
collaborators commitment to us. |
We depend on the experience and expertise of our senior
management team and key technical employees, and the loss of any
key employee may impair our ability to operate
effectively.
Our success depends upon the continued services of our senior
management team and key technical employees, such as our project
management personnel and roboticists. Moreover, we often must
comply with provisions in government contracts that require
employment of persons with specified levels of education and
work experience. Each of our executive officers, key technical
personnel and other employees could terminate his or her
relationship with us at any time. The loss of any member of our
senior management team might significantly delay or prevent the
achievement of our business objectives and could materially harm
our
15
business and customer relationships. In addition, because of the
highly technical nature of our robots, the loss of any
significant number of our existing engineering and project
management personnel could have a material adverse effect on our
business and operating results.
We are subject to extensive U.S. federal government
regulation, and our failure to comply with applicable
regulations could subject us to penalties that may restrict our
ability to conduct our business.
As a contractor and subcontractor to the U.S. federal
government, we are subject to and must comply with various
government regulations that impact our operating costs, profit
margins and the internal organization and operation of our
business. Among the most significant regulations affecting our
business are:
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the Federal Acquisition Regulations and supplemental agency
regulations, which comprehensively regulate the formation and
administration of, and performance under government contracts; |
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the Truth in Negotiations Act, which requires certification and
disclosure of all cost and pricing data in connection with
contract negotiations; |
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the Cost Accounting Standards, which impose accounting
requirements that govern our right to reimbursement under
cost-based government contracts; |
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the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which prohibits U.S.
companies from providing anything of value to a foreign official
to help obtain, retain or direct business, or obtain any unfair
advantage; |
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the False Claims Act and the False Statements Act, which,
respectively, impose penalties for payments made on the basis of
false facts provided to the government, and impose penalties on
the basis of false statements, even if they do not result in a
payment; and |
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laws, regulations and executive orders restricting the use and
dissemination of information classified for national security
purposes and the exportation of certain products and technical
data. |
Also, we need special clearances to continue working on and
advancing certain of our projects with the U.S. federal
government. For example, if we were to lose our security
clearance, we would be unable to continue to participate in the
U.S. Armys Future Combat Systems program. Classified
programs generally will require that we comply with various
Executive Orders, federal laws and regulations and customer
security requirements that may include restrictions on how we
develop, store, protect and share information, and may require
our employees to obtain government clearances.
Our failure to comply with applicable regulations, rules and
approvals could result in the imposition of penalties, the loss
of our government contracts or our suspension or debarment from
contracting with the federal government generally, any of which
would harm our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
If we fail to protect, or incur significant costs in
defending, our intellectual property and other proprietary
rights, our business and results of operations could be
materially harmed.
Our success depends on our ability to protect our intellectual
property and other proprietary rights. We rely primarily on
patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets and unfair
competition laws, as well as license agreements and other
contractual provisions, to protect our intellectual property and
other proprietary rights. Significant technology used in our
products, however, is not the subject of any patent protection,
and we may be unable to obtain patent protection on such
technology in the future. Moreover, existing U.S. legal
standards relating to the validity, enforceability and scope of
protection of intellectual property rights offer only limited
protection, may not provide us with any competitive advantages,
and may be challenged by third parties. In addition, the laws of
countries other than the United States in which we market our
products may afford little or no effective protection of our
intellectual property. Accordingly, despite our efforts, we may
be unable to prevent third parties from infringing upon or
misappropriating our intellectual property or otherwise gaining
access to our technology. Unauthorized third parties may try to
copy or reverse engineer our products or portions of our
products or otherwise obtain and use our intellectual property.
Some of our contracts with the U.S. federal government allow the
federal government to disclose technical data regarding the
products
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developed on behalf of the government under the contract without
constraining the recipient on how it is used. This ability of
the government creates the potential that third parties may be
able to use this data to compete with us in the commercial
sector. If we fail to protect our intellectual property and
other proprietary rights, our business, results of operations or
financial condition could be materially harmed.
In addition, defending our intellectual property rights may
entail significant expense. We believe that certain products in
the marketplace may infringe our existing intellectual property
rights. We have, from time to time, resorted to legal
proceedings to protect our intellectual property and may
continue to do so in the future. We may be required to expend
significant resources to monitor and protect our intellectual
property rights. Any of our intellectual property rights may be
challenged by others or invalidated through administrative
processes or litigation. If we resort to legal proceedings to
enforce our intellectual property rights or to determine the
validity and scope of the intellectual property or other
proprietary rights of others, the proceedings could result in
significant expense to us and divert the attention and efforts
of our management and technical employees, even if we were to
prevail.
Potential future acquisitions could be difficult to
integrate, divert the attention of key personnel, disrupt our
business, dilute stockholder value and impair our financial
results.
As part of our business strategy, we intend to consider
acquisitions of companies, technologies and products that we
believe could accelerate our ability to compete in our core
markets or allow us to enter new markets. Acquisitions involve
numerous risks, any of which could harm our business, including:
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difficulties in integrating the operations, technologies,
products, existing contracts, accounting and personnel of the
target company and realizing the anticipated synergies of the
combined businesses; |
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difficulties in supporting and transitioning customers, if any,
of the target company; |
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diversion of financial and management resources from existing
operations; |
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the price we pay or other resources that we devote may exceed
the value we realize, or the value we could have realized if we
had allocated the purchase price or other resources to another
opportunity; |
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risks of entering new markets in which we have limited or no
experience; |
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potential loss of key employees, customers and strategic
alliances from either our current business or the target
companys business; |
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assumption of unanticipated problems or latent liabilities, such
as problems with the quality of the target companys
products; and |
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inability to generate sufficient revenue to offset acquisition
costs. |
Acquisitions also frequently result in the recording of goodwill
and other intangible assets which are subject to potential
impairments in the future that could harm our financial results.
In addition, if we finance acquisitions by issuing convertible
debt or equity securities, our existing stockholders may be
diluted, which could lower the market price of our common stock.
As a result, if we fail to properly evaluate acquisitions or
investments, we may not achieve the anticipated benefits of any
such acquisitions, and we may incur costs in excess of what we
anticipate. The failure to successfully evaluate and execute
acquisitions or investments or otherwise adequately address
these risks could materially harm our business and financial
results.
We will incur significant increased costs as a result of
operating as a public company, and our management will be
required to devote substantial time to new compliance
initiatives.
We have never operated as a public company. As a public company,
we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses
that we did not incur as a private company. In addition, the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as new rules
subsequently implemented by the Securities and Exchange
Commission and the NASDAQ National Market, have imposed various
new requirements on public companies, including requiring
changes in corporate governance practices. Our management and
other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time
to these new compliance initiatives. Moreover,
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these rules and regulations will increase our legal and
financial compliance costs and will make some activities more
time-consuming and costly. For example, we expect these new
rules and regulations to make it more difficult and more
expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability
insurance, and we may be required to incur substantial costs to
maintain the same or similar coverage.
In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other
things, that we maintain effective internal control over
financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. In
particular, commencing in 2006, we must perform system and
process evaluation and testing of our internal control over
financial reporting to allow management and our independent
registered public accounting firm to report on the effectiveness
of our internal control over financial reporting, as required by
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Our testing, or the
subsequent testing by our independent registered public
accounting firm, may reveal deficiencies in our internal control
over financial reporting that are deemed to be material
weaknesses. Our compliance with Section 404 will require
that we incur substantial accounting expense and expend
significant management time on compliance-related issues. We
currently do not have an internal audit group, and we will
evaluate the need to hire additional accounting and financial
staff with appropriate public company experience and technical
accounting knowledge. Moreover, if we are not able to comply
with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, or
if we or our independent registered public accounting firm
identifies deficiencies in our internal control over financial
reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses, the market
price of our stock could decline and we could be subject to
sanctions or investigations by the NASDAQ National Market, the
Securities and Exchange Commission or other regulatory
authorities, which would require additional financial and
management resources.
We may not be able to obtain capital when desired on
favorable terms, if at all, or without dilution to our
stockholders.
We anticipate that the net proceeds of this offering, together
with current cash, cash equivalents, cash provided by operating
activities and funds available through our working capital line
of credit, will be sufficient to meet our current and
anticipated needs for general corporate purposes. We operate in
an emerging market, however, which makes our prospects difficult
to evaluate. It is possible that we may not generate sufficient
cash flow from operations or otherwise have the capital
resources to meet our future capital needs. If this occurs, we
may need additional financing to execute on our current or
future business strategies, including to:
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hire additional roboticists and other personnel; |
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develop new or enhance existing robots and robot accessories; |
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enhance our operating infrastructure; |
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acquire complementary businesses or technologies; or |
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otherwise respond to competitive pressures. |
If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or
convertible debt securities, the percentage ownership of our
stockholders could be significantly diluted, and these
newly-issued securities may have rights, preferences or
privileges senior to those of existing stockholders, including
those acquiring shares in this offering. We cannot assure you
that additional financing will be available on terms favorable
to us, or at all. If adequate funds are not available or are not
available on acceptable terms, if and when needed, our ability
to fund our operations, take advantage of unanticipated
opportunities, develop or enhance our products, or otherwise
respond to competitive pressures would be significantly limited.
Environmental laws and regulations and unforeseen costs
could negatively impact our future earnings.
The manufacture and sale of our products in certain states and
countries may subject us to environmental and other regulations.
We also face increasing complexity in our product design as we
adjust to new and upcoming requirements relating to our
products, including the restrictions on lead and certain other
substances in electronics that will apply to specified
electronics products put on the market in the European Union as
of July 1, 2006 (Restriction of Hazardous Substances in
Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive).
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Similar laws and regulations have been or may be enacted in
other regions, including in the United States, Canada, Mexico,
China and Japan. There is no assurance that such existing laws
or future laws will not impair future earnings or results of
operations.
Business disruptions resulting from international
uncertainties could negatively impact our profitability.
We derive, and expect to continue to derive, a portion of our
revenue from international sales in various European markets,
Canada, Japan, Korea and Singapore. For the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2004 and the six months ended July 2,
2005, sales to non-U.S. customers accounted for 7.4% and 8.1% of
total revenue, respectively. Our international revenue and
operations are subject to a number of material risks, including,
but not limited to:
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difficulties in staffing, managing and supporting operations in
multiple countries; |
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difficulties in enforcing agreements and collecting receivables
through foreign legal systems and other relevant legal issues; |
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fewer legal protections for intellectual property; |
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foreign and U.S. taxation issues and international trade
barriers; |
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difficulties in obtaining any necessary governmental
authorizations for the export of our products to certain foreign
jurisdictions; |
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potential fluctuations in foreign economies; |
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government currency control and restrictions on repatriation of
earnings; |
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fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies and interest
rates; |
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general economic and political conditions in the markets in
which we operate; |
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domestic and international economic or political changes,
hostilities and other disruptions in regions where we currently
operate or may operate in the future; and |
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different and changing legal and regulatory requirements in the
jurisdictions in which we currently operate or may operate in
the future. |
Negative developments in any of these areas in one or more
countries could result in a reduction in demand for our
products, the cancellation or delay of orders already placed,
threats to our intellectual property, difficulty in collecting
receivables, and a higher cost of doing business, any of which
could negatively impact our business, financial condition or
results of operations. Moreover, our sales, including sales to
customers outside the United States, are primarily denominated
in U.S. dollars, and downward fluctuations in the value of
foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar may make our
products more expensive than other products, which could harm
our business.
If we are unable to continue to obtain U.S. federal
government authorization regarding the export of our products,
or if current or future export laws limit or otherwise restrict
our business, we could be prohibited from shipping our products
to certain countries, which would harm our ability to generate
revenue.
We must comply with U.S. laws regulating the export of our
products. In addition, we are required to obtain a license from
the U.S. federal government to export our PackBot line of
tactical military robots. We cannot be sure of our ability to
obtain any licenses required to export our products or to
receive authorization from the U.S. federal government for
international sales or domestic sales to foreign persons.
Moreover, the export regimes and the governing policies
applicable to our business are subject to change. We cannot
assure you of the extent that such export authorizations will be
available to us, if at all, in the future. In some cases where
we act as a subcontractor, we rely upon the compliance
activities of our prime contractors, and we cannot assure you
that they have taken or will take all measures necessary to
comply with applicable export laws. If we or our prime
contractor partners cannot obtain required government approvals
under applicable regulations in a timely manner or at all, we
would be delayed or prevented from selling our products in
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international jurisdictions, which could materially harm our
business, operating results and ability to generate revenue.
Risks Related to This Offering and Ownership of Our Common
Stock
An active trading market for our common stock may not
develop, and you may not be able to sell your common stock at or
above the initial public offering price.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our
common stock. Although we have applied to have our common stock
quoted on the NASDAQ National Market, an active trading market
for shares of our common stock may never develop or be sustained
following this offering. If no trading market develops,
securities analysts may not initiate or maintain research
coverage of our company, which could further depress the market
for our common stock. As a result, investors may not be able to
sell their common stock at or above the initial public offering
price or at the time that they would like to sell.
If equity research analysts do not publish research or
reports about our business or if they issue unfavorable
commentary or downgrade our common stock, the price of our
common stock could decline.
The trading market for our common stock will rely in part on the
research and reports that equity research analysts publish about
us and our business. We do not control these analysts. The price
of our stock could decline if one or more equity analysts
downgrade our stock or if those analysts issue other unfavorable
commentary or cease publishing reports about us or our business.
The market price of our common stock may be volatile,
which could result in substantial losses for investors
purchasing shares in this offering.
The initial public offering price for our common stock will be
determined through negotiations with the underwriters. This
initial public offering price may vary from the market price of
our common stock after the offering. Some of the factors that
may cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate
include:
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fluctuations in our quarterly financial results or the quarterly
financial results of companies perceived to be similar to us; |
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changes in estimates of our financial results or recommendations
by securities analysts; |
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failure of any of our products to achieve or maintain market
acceptance; |
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changes in market valuations of similar companies; |
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success of competitive products; |
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changes in our capital structure, such as future issuances of
securities or the incurrence of additional debt; |
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announcements by us or our competitors of significant products,
contracts, acquisitions or strategic alliances; |
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regulatory developments in the United States, foreign countries
or both; |
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litigation involving our company, our general industry or both; |
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additions or departures of key personnel; |
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investors general perception of us; and |
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changes in general economic, industry and market conditions. |
In addition, if the market for technology stocks or the stock
market in general experiences a loss of investor confidence, the
trading price of our common stock could decline for reasons
unrelated to our business, financial condition or results of
operations. If any of the foregoing occurs, it could cause our
stock price to fall
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and may expose us to class action lawsuits that, even if
unsuccessful, could be costly to defend and a distraction to
management.
A significant portion of our total outstanding shares may
be sold into the public market in the near future, which could
cause the market price of our common stock to drop
significantly, even if our business is doing well.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in
the public market could occur at any time after the expiration
of the lock-up agreements described in Underwriters.
These sales, or the market perception that the holders of a
large number of shares intend to sell shares, could reduce the
market price of our common stock. After this offering, we will
have shares
of common stock outstanding based on the number of shares
outstanding as of July 2, 2005. This includes
the shares
that we and the selling stockholders are selling in this
offering, which may be resold in the public market immediately.
The
remaining shares,
or % of our outstanding shares
after this offering, are currently restricted as a result of
securities laws or lock-up agreements but will be able to be
sold, subject to any applicable volume limitations under federal
securities laws, in the near future as set forth below.
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Number of Shares and |
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% of Total Outstanding |
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Date Available for Sale Into Public Market |
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shares,
or %
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On the date of this prospectus |
shares,
or %
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90 days after the date of this prospectus |
shares,
or %
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180 days after the date of this prospectus, subject to
extension in specified instances, due to lock-up agreements
between the holders of these shares and the underwriters.
However, Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated and
J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. can waive the provisions of
these lock-up agreements and allow these stockholders to sell
their shares at any time |
shares,
or %
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180 days after the date of this prospectus, subject to
extension in specified instances, due to a lock-up agreement
between the holders of these shares and us. However, with the
underwriters consent, we can waive the provisions of these
lock-up agreements and allow these stockholders to sell their
shares at any time |
shares,
or %
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Between 181 and 365 days after the date of this prospectus,
depending on the requirements of the federal securities laws |
In addition, as of July 2, 2005, there were
18,000 shares subject to an outstanding warrant,
2,954,233 shares subject to outstanding options and an
additional 613,623 shares reserved for future issuance
under our stock option and stock purchase plans that will become
eligible for sale in the public market to the extent permitted
by any applicable vesting requirements, the lock-up agreements
and Rules 144 and 701 under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended. Moreover, after this offering, holders of an aggregate
of 16,056,675 shares of our common stock as of July 2,
2005, will have rights, subject to some conditions, to require
us to file registration statements covering their shares or to
include their shares in registration statements that we may file
for ourselves or other stockholders. We also intend to register
all shares of common stock that we may issue under our employee
benefit plans. Once we register these shares, they can be freely
sold in the public market upon issuance, subject to the lock-up
agreements.
You will incur immediate and substantial dilution as a
result of this offering.
If you purchase common stock in this offering, you will pay more
for your shares than the amounts paid by existing stockholders
for their shares. As a result, you will incur immediate and
substantial dilution of
$ per
share, representing the difference between the initial public
offering price of
$ per
share and our pro forma net tangible book value per share after
giving effect to this offering and the conversion of all our
shares of outstanding preferred stock in connection with this
offering. Moreover, we issued options in the past to acquire
common stock at prices significantly below the initial public
offering price. As of July 2, 2005, there were
18,000 shares subject to an outstanding warrant with an
approximate exercise price of $3.74 per share
21
and 2,954,233 shares subject to outstanding options with a
weighted average exercise price of $2.39 per share. To the
extent that this warrant or these outstanding options are
ultimately exercised, you will incur further dilution.
Our directors and management will exercise significant
control over our company, which will limit your ability to
influence corporate matters.
After this offering, our directors and executive officers and
their affiliates will collectively control
approximately % of our outstanding
common stock. As a result, these stockholders, if they act
together, will be able to influence our management and affairs
and all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the
election of directors and approval of significant corporate
transactions. This concentration of ownership may have the
effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our
company and might negatively affect the market price of our
common stock.
We have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds
from this offering and may not use them effectively.
We cannot specify with certainty the particular uses of the net
proceeds we will receive from this offering. Our management will
have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds,
including for any of the purposes described in Use of
Proceeds. Accordingly, you will have to rely upon the
judgment of our management with respect to the use of the
proceeds, with only limited information concerning
managements specific intentions. Our management may spend
a portion or all of the net proceeds from this offering in ways
that our stockholders may not desire or that may not yield a
favorable return. The failure by our management to apply these
funds effectively could harm our business. Pending their use, we
may invest the net proceeds from this offering in a manner that
does not produce income or that loses value.
Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and
by-laws, our shareholder rights agreement or Delaware law might
discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company
or changes in our management and, therefore, depress the trading
price of our common stock.
Provisions of our certificate of incorporation and by-laws and
Delaware law may discourage, delay or prevent a merger,
acquisition or other change in control that stockholders may
consider favorable, including transactions in which you might
otherwise receive a premium for your shares of our common stock.
These provisions may also prevent or frustrate attempts by our
stockholders to replace or remove our management. These
provisions include:
|
|
|
|
|
limitations on the removal of directors; |
|
|
|
a classified board of directors so that not all members of our
board are elected at one time; |
|
|
|
advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals and
nominations; |
|
|
|
the inability of stockholders to act by written consent or to
call special meetings; |
|
|
|
the ability of our board of directors to make, alter or repeal
our by-laws; and |
|
|
|
the ability of our board of directors to designate the terms of
and issue new series of preferred stock without stockholder
approval. |
The affirmative vote of the holders of at least 75% of our
shares of capital stock entitled to vote is necessary to amend
or repeal the above provisions of our certificate of
incorporation. In addition, absent approval of our board of
directors, our by-laws may only be amended or repealed by the
affirmative vote of the holders of at least 75% of our shares of
capital stock entitled to vote.
We are also adopting a shareholder rights agreement to become
effective upon completion of this offering. This plan will
entitle our stockholders to acquire shares of our common stock
at a price equal to 50% of the then-current market value in
limited circumstances when a third party acquires or announces
its intention to acquire 15% or more of our outstanding common
stock.
22
In addition, Section 203 of the Delaware General
Corporation Law prohibits a publicly-held Delaware corporation
from engaging in a business combination with an interested
stockholder, generally a person which together with its
affiliates owns, or within the last three years has owned, 15%
of our voting stock, for a period of three years after the date
of the transaction in which the person became an interested
stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a
prescribed manner.
The existence of the foregoing provisions and anti-takeover
measures could limit the price that investors might be willing
to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. They could
also deter potential acquirers of our company, thereby reducing
the likelihood that you could receive a premium for your common
stock in an acquisition.
We do not currently intend to pay dividends on our common
stock and, consequently, your ability to achieve a return on
your investment will depend on appreciation in the price of our
common stock.
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common
stock and do not currently intend to do so for the foreseeable
future. We currently intend to invest our future earnings, if
any, to fund our growth. Therefore, you are not likely to
receive any dividends on your common stock for the foreseeable
future.
23
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements. All
statements other than statements of historical facts contained
in this prospectus, including statements regarding our future
results of operations and financial position, business strategy
and plans and objectives of management for future operations,
are forward-looking statements. These statements involve known
and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may
cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be
materially different from any future results, performance or
achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking
statements.
In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by
terms such as may, will,
should, expects, plans,
anticipates, could, intends,
target, projects,
contemplates, believes,
estimates, predicts,
potential or continue or the negative of
these terms or other similar words. These statements are only
predictions. We have based these forward-looking statements
largely on our current expectations and projections about future
events and financial trends that we believe may affect our
business, financial condition and results of operations. We
discuss many of the risks in greater detail under the heading
Risk Factors. Also, these forward-looking statements
represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of
this prospectus. Except as required by law, we assume no
obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the
date of this prospectus.
This prospectus also contains estimates and other statistical
data made by independent parties and by us relating to market
size and growth and other industry data. This data involves a
number of assumptions and limitations, and you are cautioned not
to give undue weight to such estimates. We have not
independently verified the statistical and other industry data
generated by independent parties and contained in this
prospectus and, accordingly, we cannot guarantee their accuracy
or completeness. In addition, projections, assumptions and
estimates of our future performance and the future performance
of the industries in which we operate are necessarily subject to
a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of
factors, including those described in Risk Factors,
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operation and elsewhere in this
prospectus. These and other factors could cause results to
differ materially from those expressed in the estimates made by
the independent parties and by us.
24
USE OF PROCEEDS
We estimate that the net proceeds to us of the sale of the
common stock that we are offering will be approximately
$ million,
assuming an initial public offering price of
$ per
share, which is the midpoint of the range listed on the cover
page of this prospectus, and after deducting estimated
underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering
expenses that we must pay. We will not receive any of the
proceeds of the sale of shares of common stock by the selling
stockholders.
We intend to use the net proceeds to us from this offering for
working capital and other general corporate purposes, including
to finance the development of new products, sales and marketing
activities, capital expenditures and the costs of operating as a
public company. We may use a portion of the net proceeds to us
to expand our current business through strategic alliances with,
or acquisitions of, other businesses, products or technologies.
We currently have no agreements or commitments for any specific
acquisitions at this time.
Pending any use, as described above, we plan to invest the net
proceeds in investment-grade, short-term, interest-bearing
securities.
DIVIDEND POLICY
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital
stock and do not expect to pay any cash dividends for the
foreseeable future. We intend to use future earnings, if any, in
the operation and expansion of our business. In addition, the
terms of our credit facility restrict our ability to pay
dividends, and any future indebtedness that we may incur could
preclude us from paying dividends.
25
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our capitalization as of
July 2, 2005, as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
on an actual basis; and |
|
|
|
on an as adjusted basis to give effect to the conversion of our
convertible preferred stock and to reflect the sale
of shares
of common stock that we are offering at an assumed initial
public offering price of
$ per
share, which is the midpoint of the range listed on the cover
page of this prospectus, after deducting estimated underwriting
discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses
payable by us. |
You should read the following table in conjunction with our
consolidated financial statements and related notes and the
sections entitled Selected Consolidated Financial
Data and Managements Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations appearing
elsewhere in this prospectus.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of July 2, 2005 | |
|
|
| |
|
|
Actual | |
|
As Adjusted | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(unaudited) | |
|
|
(in thousands) | |
Preferred stock, $.01 par value, 9,557 shares
authorized and issued, actual; 5,000 shares authorized, no
shares issued, as adjusted:
|
|
$ |
37,506 |
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders equity (deficit):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock, $.01 par value: 35,000 shares
authorized; 10,338 shares issued, actual;
100,000 shares authorized, shares issued, as adjusted
|
|
|
103 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
4,578 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred stock-based compensation
|
|
|
(1,480 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated deficit
|
|
|
(34,044 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stockholders equity (deficit)
|
|
|
(30,843 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total capitalization
|
|
$ |
6,663 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
26
DILUTION
Our net tangible book value as of July 2, 2005 was
$ ,
or
$ per
share of common stock. Net tangible book value per share
represents the amount of our total tangible assets less our
total liabilities, divided by the number of shares of common
stock outstanding as of July 2, 2005 after giving effect to
the assumed conversion of all of our convertible preferred stock.
After giving effect to the sale by us
of shares
of common stock in this offering at an assumed initial public
offering price of
$ per
share, which is the midpoint of the range listed on the cover
page of this prospectus, and after deducting estimated
underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering
expenses payable by us, our adjusted net tangible book value as
of July 2, 2005 would have been approximately
$ million,
or approximately
$ per
share. This amount represents an immediate increase in net
tangible book value of
$ per
share to our existing stockholders and an immediate dilution in
net tangible book value of approximately
$ per
share to new investors purchasing shares of common stock in this
offering at the assumed initial public offering price. We
determine dilution by subtracting the adjusted net tangible book
value per share after this offering from the amount of cash that
a new investor paid for a share of common stock. The following
table illustrates this dilution on a per share basis:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assumed initial public offering price per share
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
Net tangible book value as of July 2, 2005
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase attributable to this offering
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dilution in net tangible book value per share to new investors
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional
shares of our common stock in full in this offering, the net
tangible book value per share after the offering would be
$ per
share, the increase in net tangible book value per share to
existing stockholders would be
$ per
share and the dilution to new investors purchasing shares in
this offering would be
$ per
share.
The following table summarizes, as of July 2, 2005, the
differences between the number of shares purchased from us, the
total consideration paid to us and the average price per share
that existing stockholders and new investors paid. The
calculation below is based on an assumed initial public offering
price of
$ per
share, which is the midpoint of the range listed on the cover
page of this prospectus, before deducting estimated underwriting
discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses that
we must pay:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares Purchased | |
|
Total Consideration | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Average Price | |
|
|
Number | |
|
Percent | |
|
Amount | |
|
Percent | |
|
Per Share | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Existing stockholders
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% |
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
% |
|
$ |
|
|
New investors
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% |
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The above discussion and table assume no exercise of outstanding
stock options or the outstanding warrant. As of July 2,
2005, we had outstanding options to purchase a total of
2,954,233 shares of common stock at a weighted average
exercise price of $2.39 per share, and an outstanding
warrant to purchase a total of 18,000 shares of common
stock at an approximate exercise price of $3.74 per share.
To the extent any of these options or this warrant is exercised,
there will be further dilution to new investors.
27
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The following consolidated statements of operations data for the
years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004 and
consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2003 and
2004 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial
statements and related notes, which are included elsewhere in
this prospectus. The statements of operations data for the years
ended December 31, 2000 and 2001 and the balance sheet data
as of December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002 have been derived
from our audited consolidated financial statements that do not
appear in this prospectus. The statement of operations data for
the six months ended June 30, 2004 and July 2, 2005
and the balance sheet as of July 2, 2005 have been derived
from our unaudited consolidated financial statements and related
notes, which are included elsewhere in the prospectus. In the
opinion of management, the unaudited interim consolidated
financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the
audited consolidated financial statements and include all
adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of our financial
position and results of operations for these periods. The
consolidated selected financial data set forth below should be
read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements,
the related notes and Managements Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
included elsewhere in this prospectus. The historical results
are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for
any future period.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months | |
|
|
|
|
Ended | |
|
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
June 30, | |
|
July 2, | |
|
|
2000 | |
|
2001 | |
|
2002 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
|
|
(in thousands, except per share data) | |
Consolidated Statement of Operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Product
revenue(1)
|
|
$ |
1,904 |
|
|
$ |
1,408 |
|
|
$ |
6,955 |
|
|
$ |
45,896 |
|
|
$ |
82,147 |
|
|
$ |
23,087 |
|
|
$ |
34,723 |
|
|
Contract revenue
|
|
|
8,846 |
|
|
|
12,077 |
|
|
|
7,223 |
|
|
|
7,661 |
|
|
|
12,365 |
|
|
|
5,039 |
|
|
|
8,233 |
|
|
Royalty revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
639 |
|
|
|
759 |
|
|
|
531 |
|
|
|
483 |
|
|
|
62 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenue
|
|
|
10,750 |
|
|
|
13,512 |
|
|
|
14,817 |
|
|
|
54,316 |
|
|
|
95,043 |
|
|
|
28,609 |
|
|
|
43,018 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of Revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of product revenue
|
|
|
1,506 |
|
|
|
1,148 |
|
|
|
4,896 |
|
|
|
31,194 |
|
|
|
59,321 |
|
|
|
16,471 |
|
|
|
26,750 |
|
|
Cost of contract revenue
|
|
|
6,607 |
|
|
|
8,566 |
|
|
|
11,861 |
|
|
|
6,143 |
|
|
|
8,371 |
|
|
|
3,345 |
|
|
|
5,770 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total cost of revenue
|
|
|
8,113 |
|
|
|
9,714 |
|
|
|
16,757 |
|
|
|
37,337 |
|
|
|
67,692 |
|
|
|
19,816 |
|
|
|
32,520 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross Profit
(Loss)(1)
|
|
|
2,637 |
|
|
|
3,798 |
|
|
|
(1,940 |
) |
|
|
16,979 |
|
|
|
27,351 |
|
|
|
8,793 |
|
|
|
10,498 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
3,225 |
|
|
|
1,846 |
|
|
|
1,736 |
|
|
|
3,848 |
|
|
|
5,504 |
|
|
|
2,563 |
|
|
|
5,713 |
|
|
Selling, general and administrative
|
|
|
3,038 |
|
|
|
4,669 |
|
|
|
7,128 |
|
|
|
20,521 |
|
|
|
21,404 |
|
|
|
9,188 |
|
|
|
12,061 |
|
|
Stock-based
compensation(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
6,263 |
|
|
|
6,515 |
|
|
|
8,864 |
|
|
|
24,369 |
|
|
|
26,908 |
|
|
|
11,751 |
|
|
|
17,864 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating Income (Loss)
|
|
|
(3,626 |
) |
|
|
(2,717 |
) |
|
|
(10,804 |
) |
|
|
(7,390 |
) |
|
|
443 |
|
|
|
(2,958 |
) |
|
|
(7,366 |
) |
Other Income (Expense), Net
|
|
|
171 |
|
|
|
101 |
|
|
|
45 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
(80 |
) |
|
|
(41 |
) |
|
|
211 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes
|
|
|
(3,455 |
) |
|
|
(2,616 |
) |
|
|
(10,759 |
) |
|
|
(7,375 |
) |
|
|
363 |
|
|
|
(2,999 |
) |
|
|
(7,155 |
) |
Income Tax Expense
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
144 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Income (Loss)
|
|
$ |
(3,463 |
) |
|
$ |
(2,632 |
) |
|
$ |
(10,774 |
) |
|
$ |
(7,411 |
) |
|
$ |
219 |
|
|
$ |
(3,000 |
) |
|
$ |
(7,157 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Income (Loss) Per Share
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$ |
(0.66 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.50 |
) |
|
$ |
(2.00 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.79 |
) |
|
$ |
0.01 |
|
|
$ |
(0.31 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.72 |
) |
|
|
Diluted
|
|
$ |
(0.66 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.50 |
) |
|
$ |
(2.00 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.79 |
) |
|
$ |
0.01 |
|
|
$ |
(0.31 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.72 |
) |
Number of Shares Used in Per Share Calculations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
5,231 |
|
|
|
5,312 |
|
|
|
5,391 |
|
|
|
9,352 |
|
|
|
9,660 |
|
|
|
9,530 |
|
|
|
10,008 |
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
5,231 |
|
|
|
5,312 |
|
|
|
5,391 |
|
|
|
9,352 |
|
|
|
19,183 |
|
|
|
9,530 |
|
|
|
10,008 |
|
Pro Forma Net Income (Loss)
Data(3):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro Forma Net Income (Loss) Per Share
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
0.01 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
(0.37 |
) |
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
0.01 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
(0.37 |
) |
|
Number of Shares Used in Pro Forma Per Share Calculations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18,002 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19,565 |
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19,183 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19,565 |
|
|
|
(1) |
Beginning in the first quarter of 2004, we converted from
recognizing revenue from U.S. consumer product sales on a
sell-through basis (when retail stores sold our
robots) to a sell-in basis (when our robots are
shipped to retail stores). As a result of this conversion, our
revenue and gross profit in the first quarter of 2004 included
$5.7 million and $2.5 million, respectively, from
robots shipped prior to 2004. |
28
|
|
(2) |
Stock-based compensation recorded in 2005 breaks down by expense
classification as follows: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
July 2, 2005 | |
|
|
| |
|
|
(unaudited) | |
|
|
(in thousands) | |
Cost of product revenue
|
|
$ |
9 |
|
Cost of contract revenue
|
|
|
11 |
|
Research and development
|
|
|
32 |
|
Selling, general and administrative
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stock-based compensation
|
|
$ |
90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3) |
We have computed the pro forma net income (loss) per share and
the pro forma weighted-average shares outstanding included in
the statement of operations data as we describe in Note 2
of the notes to our consolidated financial statements. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
As of July 2, | |
|
|
2000 | |
|
2001 | |
|
2002 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
|
|
(in thousands) | |
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$ |
806 |
|
|
$ |
7,179 |
|
|
$ |
3,014 |
|
|
$ |
4,620 |
|
|
$ |
19,441 |
|
|
$ |
15,090 |
|
Total assets
|
|
|
5,241 |
|
|
|
10,580 |
|
|
|
8,705 |
|
|
|
27,827 |
|
|
|
46,314 |
|
|
|
40,336 |
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
2,015 |
|
|
|
3,182 |
|
|
|
12,049 |
|
|
|
25,624 |
|
|
|
33,097 |
|
|
|
33,672 |
|
Total redeemable convertible preferred stock
|
|
|
7,873 |
|
|
|
14,639 |
|
|
|
14,639 |
|
|
|
27,562 |
|
|
|
37,506 |
|
|
|
37,506 |
|
Total stockholders equity (deficit)
|
|
|
(4,646 |
) |
|
|
(7,241 |
) |
|
|
(17,983 |
) |
|
|
(25,359 |
) |
|
|
(24,289 |
) |
|
|
(30,843 |
) |
29
MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our financial
condition and results of operations should be read in
conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and
related notes that appear elsewhere in this prospectus. In
addition to historical consolidated financial information, the
following discussion contains forward-looking statements that
reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results
could differ materially from those discussed in the
forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or
contribute to these differences include those discussed below
and elsewhere in this prospectus, particularly in Risk
Factors.
Overview
iRobot provides robots that enable people to complete complex
tasks in a better way. Founded in 1990 by roboticists who
performed research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
we have developed proprietary technology incorporating advanced
concepts in navigation, mobility, manipulation and artificial
intelligence to build industry-leading robots. Our Roomba floor
vacuuming robot and recently announced Scooba floor washing
robot perform time-consuming domestic chores, and our PackBot
tactical military robots perform battlefield reconnaissance and
bomb disposal. In addition, we are developing the Small Unmanned
Ground Vehicle reconnaissance robot for the
U.S. Armys transformational Future Combat Systems
program and, in conjunction with Deere & Company, the
R-Gator unmanned ground vehicle. We sell our robots to consumers
through a variety of distribution channels, including over 7,000
retail locations and our on-line store, and to the
U.S. military and other government agencies worldwide.
As of July 2, 2005, we had 214 full-time employees, of
whom over half are engineers specializing in the design of
robots. We have developed expertise in all the disciplines
necessary to build durable, high-performance and cost-effective
robots through the close integration of software, electronics
and hardware. Our core technologies serve as reusable building
blocks that we adapt and expand to develop next generation and
new products, reducing the time, cost and risk of product
development. Our significant expertise in robot design and
engineering, combined with our management teams experience
in military and consumer markets, positions us to capitalize on
the expected growth in the market for robots.
Over the past three years, we sold more than 1.2 million of
our Roomba floor vacuuming robots. We also sold to the
U.S. military during that time more than 200 of our PackBot
tactical military robots, most of which have been deployed on
missions in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Although we have successfully launched consumer and military
products, our continued success depends upon our ability to
respond to a number of future challenges. We believe the most
significant of these challenges include increasing competition
in the markets for both our consumer and military products, our
ability to obtain U.S. federal government funding for research
and development programs, and our ability to successfully
develop and introduce products and product enhancements.
Revenue
We currently derive revenue from product sales and research and
development services. Product revenue is derived from the sale
of our various Roomba and PackBot robots and related
accessories. Research and development revenue is derived from
the execution of contracts awarded by the U.S. federal
government, other governments and a small number of commercial
and industrial customers. In the future, we expect to derive
increasing revenue from product maintenance and support services
due to a focused effort to market these services and the wider
distribution of our robots.
We currently derive a majority of our product revenue from the
sale of our Roomba floor vacuuming robots and our PackBot
tactical military robots. For the six months ended July 2,
2005, and for the year ended December 31, 2004, product
revenues accounted for 80.7% and 86.4% of total revenue,
respectively. For the six months ended July 2, 2005, and
for the year ended December 31, 2004, our funded research
and development contracts accounted for approximately 19.1% and
13.0% of our total revenue, respectively. We
30
expect to continue to perform funded research and development
work with the intent of leveraging the technology developed to
advance our new product development efforts. In the future,
however, we expect that revenue from funded research and
development contracts could grow modestly on a dollar basis and
represent a decreasing percentage of our total revenue due to
the anticipated growth in consumer and military product revenue.
We have historically derived royalty revenue from the licensing
of technology to a third party. Due to the discontinuation of
sales of the third-party products incorporating our technology,
we do not expect to generate significant royalty revenue in the
future from our existing products.
In 2004, approximately 82.2% of our consumer product revenue
resulted from sales to twelve customers, primarily
U.S. retailers, and 86.3% of military product revenue and
78.1% of funded research and development contract revenue
resulted from orders and contracts from the U.S. federal
government. For the six months ended July 2, 2005, and for
the year ended December 31, 2004, sales to non-U.S.
customers accounted for 8.1% and 7.4% of total revenue,
respectively.
Our revenue from product sales is generated through sales to our
retail distribution channels, our distributor network and to
certain U.S. and foreign governments. In 2002, when our Roomba
robot was first commercially introduced and throughout 2003, we
recognized revenue from our U.S. consumer product sales on
a sell-through basis (when retail stores sold our
Roomba robots to end users). In the first quarter of 2004, we
began recognizing revenue from U.S. consumer product sales
on a sell-in basis (when our robots are shipped by
us to the retail stores). As a result of this change in
accounting treatment, in the first quarter of 2004 we recognized
$5.7 million of product revenue from products shipped prior
to 2004. This one-time increase impacts period-to-period
comparisons relating to 2004. Revenue from sales of our military
robots is recognized upon the later to occur of shipment or
customer acceptance.
Revenue from consumer product sales is significantly seasonal,
with a majority of our consumer product revenue generated in the
second half of the year (in advance of the holiday season).
Revenue from our military robot sales and revenue from funded
research and development contracts are occasionally influenced
by the September 30 fiscal year-end of the
U.S. federal government, but are not otherwise
significantly seasonal. In addition, our revenue can be affected
by the timing of the release of new products and the award of
new contracts.
Cost of product revenue includes the cost of raw materials and
labor that go into the development and manufacture of our
products as well as manufacturing overhead costs such as
manufacturing engineering, quality assurance, logistics and
warranty costs. For the six months ended July 2, 2005, and
for the year ended December 31, 2004, cost of product
revenue was 77.0% and 72.2% of total product revenue,
respectively. Raw material costs, which are our most significant
cost items, generally have not fluctuated materially as a
percentage of revenue since the introduction of our robots in
2002. There can be no assurance, however, that our costs of raw
materials will not increase. Labor costs also comprise a
significant portion of our cost of revenue. Compared to our
PackBot tactical military robots, labor costs for our Roomba
floor vacuuming robots comprise a greater percentage of the
associated cost of revenue. We outsource the manufacture of our
Roomba robots to a contract manufacturer in China. While labor
costs in China traditionally have been favorable compared to
labor costs elsewhere in the world, including the United States,
we believe that labor in China is becoming more scarce.
Consequently, the labor costs for our Roomba robots could
increase in the future.
Cost of contract revenue includes the direct labor costs of
engineering resources committed to funded research and
development contracts, as well as third-party consulting, travel
and associated direct material costs. Additionally, we include
overhead expenses such as indirect engineering labor, occupancy
costs associated with the project resources, engineering tools
and supplies and program management expenses. For the six months
ended July 2, 2005, and for the year ended
December 31, 2004, cost of contract revenue was 70.1% and
67.7% of total contract revenue, respectively.
31
Our gross profit as a percentage of revenue varies according to
the mix of product and contract revenue, the mix of products
sold and the total sales volume. Currently, our consumer robots
typically have a higher gross profit as a percentage of revenue
than our military robots due to lower-volume, early-stage
production of our military robots. For the six months ended
July 2, 2005, and for the year ended December 31,
2004, gross profit was 24.4% and 28.8% of total revenue,
respectively.
As a result of the change in accounting from a
sell-through to sell-in basis, we
recognized $2.5 million of gross profit in the first
quarter of 2004, which disproportionately increased our gross
profit as a percentage of revenues in that quarter and in 2004.
|
|
|
Research and Development Expenses |
Research and development expenses consist primarily of:
|
|
|
|
|
salaries and related costs for our engineers; |
|
|
|
costs for high technology components used in product and
prototype development; and |
|
|
|
costs of test equipment used during product development. |
We have significantly expanded our research and development
capabilities and expect to continue to expand these capabilities
in the future. Substantially all of our research and development
is performed in the United States, although we maintain a
limited staff of engineering personnel in Hong Kong to serve as
a liaison between our U.S.-based engineering staff and our
outsourced manufacturer in China. We are committed to increasing
the level of innovative design and development of new products
as we strive to enhance our ability to serve our existing
consumer and military markets as well as new markets for robots.
Accordingly, we anticipate that research and development
expenses will continue to increase in absolute dollars for the
foreseeable future.
For the six months ended July 2, 2005, and for the year
ended December 31, 2004, research and development expense
was $5.7 million and $5.5 million, or 13.3% and 5.8%
of total revenue, respectively.
In addition to our internal research and development activities
discussed above, we incur research and development expenses
under funded development arrangements with both governments and
industrial third parties. For the six months ended July 2,
2005, these expenses amounted to $5.8 million compared to
$8.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. In
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, these
expenses have been classified as cost of revenue rather than
research and development expense.
|
|
|
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses |
Our selling, general and administrative expenses consist
primarily of:
|
|
|
|
|
salaries and related costs for sales and marketing personnel; |
|
|
|
salaries and related costs for executives and administrative
personnel; |
|
|
|
advertising, marketing and other brand-building costs; |
|
|
|
professional services costs; |
|
|
|
information systems and infrastructure costs; |
|
|
|
travel and related costs; and |
|
|
|
occupancy and other overhead costs. |
As we focus on increasing our market penetration and continuing
to build brand awareness, we anticipate that selling, general
and administrative expenses will continue to increase in
absolute dollars for the foreseeable future. Selling, general
and administrative costs as a percentage of our revenue are not
likely to
32
decrease in the foreseeable future as we intend to continue to
take advantage of our market-leading position in the robot
industry by building on the iRobot brand. We also expect our
general and administrative expenses will increase due to our
preparations to become and to operate as a public company,
including costs associated with compliance with Section 404
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, directors and officers
liability insurance, increased professional services, and a new
investor relations function.
For the six months ended July 2, 2005, and for the year
ended December 31, 2004, selling, general and
administrative expense was $12.1 million and
$21.4 million, or 28.0% and 22.5% of total revenue,
respectively.
|
|
|
Stock-Based Compensation Expenses |
We have recorded deferred stock-based compensation expense
related to grants of stock options made after January 1,
2005. This amount represents the difference between the exercise
price of an option awarded to an employee and the amount
subsequently reassessed to be the fair market value of the
underlying shares on the date of grant. We incur stock-based
compensation expenses as we amortize the deferred stock-based
compensation amounts over the related vesting periods, up to
five years. In addition, we have awarded options to
non-employees to purchase our common stock. Stock-based
compensation expenses related to non-employees are measured on a
fair-value basis using the Black-Scholes valuation model as the
options are earned.
Deferred stock-based compensation based on outstanding stock
options at July 2, 2005 is approximately $1.2 million.
We expect to record aggregate amortization of stock-based
compensation expense of approximately $65,000 and $65,000 for
the third and fourth quarters of 2005, respectively, from these
outstanding options and subject to continued vesting of options.
In addition, we expect to record aggregate amortization of
stock-based compensation expense of approximately $259,000,
$259,000, $253,000, $252,000 and $41,000 for 2006, 2007, 2008,
2009 and 2010, respectively, from these outstanding options and
subject to continued vesting of options.
For the six months ended July 2, 2005, and for the year
ended December 31, 2004, stock-based compensation expense
was $90,000 and zero dollars, or 0.2% and zero percent of total
revenue, respectively.
Historically, our fiscal year ended on December 31 and our
fiscal quarters ended on March 31, June 30,
September 30 and December 31. Reference to 2004, for
example, refers to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004.
Beginning in fiscal 2005, we operate and report using a 52-53
week fiscal year ending on the Saturday closest to
December 31. Accordingly, each of our fiscal quarters ends
on the Saturday that falls closest to the last day of the third
calendar month of the quarter.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States of America. The preparation of these consolidated
financial statements requires us to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,
liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and related
disclosures. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an
ongoing basis. Our actual results may differ from these
estimates.
We believe that of our significant accounting policies, which
are described in the notes to our consolidated financial
statements, the following accounting policies involve a greater
degree of judgment and complexity. Accordingly, we believe that
the following accounting policies are the most critical to aid
in fully understanding and evaluating our consolidated financial
condition and results of operations.
We recognize revenue from sales of consumer products under the
terms of the customer agreement upon transfer of title to the
customer, provided the price is fixed or determinable,
collection is determined to be probable and no significant
obligations remain. Sales to resellers are subject to agreements
allowing for limited
33
rights of return for defective products only, rebates and price
protection. We have historically not taken product returns
except for defective products. Accordingly, we reduce revenue
for our estimates of liabilities for these rights at the time
the related sale is recorded. We establish a provision for sales
returns for products sold by resellers directly or through our
distributors based on historical return experience. We have
aggregated and analyzed historical returns from resellers and
end users which form the basis of our estimate of future sales
returns by resellers or end users. In accordance with Statement
of Financial Accounting Standards No. 48 Revenue
Recognition When Right of Return Exists, the provision
for these estimated returns is recorded as a reduction of
revenue at the time that the related revenue is recorded. If
actual returns from retailers differ significantly from our
estimates, such differences could have a material impact on our
results of operations for the period in which the actual returns
become known. The estimates for returns are adjusted
periodically based upon historical rates of returns. The
estimates and reserve for rebates and price protection are based
on specific programs, expected usage and historical experience.
Actual results could differ from these estimates. Through 2003,
we recognized revenue on sales to certain distributors and
retail customers upon their sale to the end user. Starting in
the first quarter of 2004, as a result of our accumulation of
sufficient experience to reasonably estimate allowances for
product returns, we adopted the standard industry practice of
recognizing revenue on all sales upon delivery of product to
distributors and retail stores and established a related
allowance for future returns based upon historical experience.
If future trends or our ability to estimate were to change
significantly from those experienced in the past, incremental
reductions or increases to revenue may result based on this new
experience.
Under cost-plus research and development contracts, we recognize
revenue based on costs incurred plus a pro-rata portion of the
total fixed fee. We recognize revenue on fixed-price contracts
using the percentage-of-completion method. Costs and estimated
gross profits on contracts are recorded as work is performed
based on the percentage that incurred costs bear to estimated
total costs utilizing the most recent estimates of costs and
funding. Changes in job performance, job conditions and
estimated profitability, including those arising from final
contract settlements, may result in revisions to costs and
income, and are recorded or recognized, as the case may be, in
the period in which the revisions are determined. Since many
contracts extend over a long period of time, revisions in cost
and funding estimates during the progress of work have the
effect of adjusting earnings applicable to past performance in
the current period. When the current contract estimate indicates
a loss, provision is made for the total anticipated loss in the
current period. Revenue earned in excess of billings, if any, is
recorded as unbilled revenue. Billings in excess of revenue
earned, if any, are recorded as deferred revenue.
|
|
|
Accounting for Stock-Based Awards |
We apply Accounting Principles Board No. 25, Accounting
for Stock Issued to Employees, and related interpretations
(Opinion 25), in accounting for our stock-based compensation
plan. Accordingly, compensation expense is recorded for options
issued to employees in fixed amounts and with fixed exercise
prices only to the extent that such exercise prices are less
than the fair market value at the date of grant. We follow the
disclosure provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation (SFAS 123), as amended by Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 148, Accounting for
Stock-Based Compensation Transition and Disclosure.
All stock-based awards to non-employees are accounted for at
their fair value in accordance with SFAS 123 and related
interpretations.
We have historically granted stock options at exercise prices
equivalent to the fair value of our common stock as estimated by
our board of directors, with input from management, as of the
date of grant. Because there has been no public market for our
common stock, our board of directors determined the fair value
of our common stock by considering a number of objective and
subjective factors, including our operating and financial
performance and corporate milestones, the prices at which we
sold shares of convertible preferred stock, the superior rights
and preferences of securities senior to our common stock at the
time of each grant and the risk and non-liquid nature of our
common stock. We have not historically obtained contemporaneous
valuations by an unrelated valuation specialist because, at the
time of the issuances of stock options, we believed our
estimates of the fair value of our common stock to be reasonable
based on the foregoing factors.
34
In connection with this offering, we retrospectively assessed
the fair value of our common stock for options granted during
the period from July 1, 2004 to July 2, 2005. In
reassessing the fair value of the common stock underlying the
equity awards granted during this period, our board of directors
considered the factors used in our historical determinations of
fair value, as well as the likelihood of a liquidity event, such
as an initial public offering, at the time of grant and feedback
received from investment banks in discussions, beginning in
2005, relating to an initial public offering.
During the period from July 1, 2004 to December 31,
2004, we issued stock options to purchase an aggregate of
432,000 shares of common stock, of which options to
purchase 387,425 shares were granted from July 1, 2004 to
November 10, 2004 at an exercise price of $2.78 per
share and options to purchase 44,575 shares were granted
from November 11, 2004 to December 31, 2004 at an
exercise price of $4.60 per share. The increase in our estimated
per share fair value of common stock during this period
primarily reflects the increased valuation as indicated by the
increased price at which we sold shares of convertible preferred
stock to a new investor in November 2004 as compared to sales of
convertible preferred stock in March 2003.
For the period from January 1, 2005 to July 2, 2005,
we issued stock options to purchase an aggregate of
577,775 shares of common stock, of which options to
purchase 121,850 shares were granted from January 1,
2005 to February 7, 2005 with an exercise price of $4.60
per share and options to purchase 455,925 shares were
granted from February 8, 2005 to July 2, 2005 with an
exercise price of $4.96 per share. As a result of our
retrospective assessment of the valuation of our common stock,
the board of directors determined that an increase in the
estimated fair value of our common stock since the beginning of
2005 was necessary and supported by the factors discussed above.
We noted that the fair value of the shares subject to the equity
awards granted during this period, as determined by our board of
directors at the time of grant, was less than the preliminary
post-offering valuations discussed with investment banks during
the second quarter of 2005. The board of directors also noted
several corporate milestones that occurred during the period
including the increase in our revenue over comparable prior
periods, the award of additional government contracts, increased
funding on existing projects, the announcement of our Scooba
floor washing robot, the introduction of our PackBot Explorer
robot and the enhancement of our management team. Accordingly,
as more fully disclosed in Note 10 to our consolidated financial
statements, we determined that the fair value of our common
stock increased ratably from $4.60 at December 31, 2004 to
approximately $10.00 per share as of July 2, 2005. Based
upon this determination, we recorded deferred compensation
expense of approximately $1.3 million in the six months
ended July 2, 2005. This deferred expense will be amortized
ratably over the vesting periods of the underlying options.
On December 16, 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards
Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment
(SFAS 123R). SFAS 123R eliminates the alternative
of applying the intrinsic value measurement provisions of
Opinion 25 to stock compensation awards issued to employees.
Instead, SFAS 123R requires companies to measure the cost
of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity
instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award.
That cost must be recognized over the period during which an
employee is required to provide services in exchange for the
award, known as the requisite service period, which is usually
the vesting period.
We have not yet quantified the effects of the adoption of
SFAS 123R, but we expect that the new standard will result
in significant stock-based compensation expense. The effects of
adopting SFAS 123R will depend on numerous factors,
including the valuation model we choose to value stock-based
awards, the assumed award forfeiture rate, the accounting
policies we adopt concerning the method of recognizing the fair
value of awards over the requisite service period and the
transition method, as described below, we choose for adopting
SFAS 123R. SFAS 123R will be effective for our fiscal
quarter beginning January 1, 2006.
|
|
|
Accounting for Income Taxes |
Deferred taxes are determined based on the difference between
the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities
using enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which the
differences are expected to
35
reverse. Valuation allowances are provided if, based upon the
weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that
some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
To date, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we have
operated in a loss position. We have $13.1 million of net
operating loss carry-forwards as of December 31, 2004,
although the use of these net operating loss carry-forwards may
be limited by changes in our ownership. We expect that these net
operating loss carry-forwards will impact our effective tax rate
over the next several years. There, however, can be no assurance
as to the rate at which these net operating loss carry-forwards
can be utilized, or as to whether there will be any other tax
incentives available after 2004.
We provide a one-year warranty against defects in materials and
workmanship and will either repair the goods, provide
replacement products at no charge to the customer or refund
amounts to the customer for defective products. We record
estimated warranty costs, based on historical experience by
product, at the time we recognize product revenue. As the
complexity of our products increases, we could experience higher
warranty claims relative to sales than we have previously
experienced, and we may need to increase these estimated
warranty reserves.
We value our inventory at the lower of the actual cost of our
inventory or its current estimated market value. We write down
inventory for obsolescence or unmarketable inventories based
upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions.
Because of the seasonality of our consumer product sales and
inventory levels, obsolescence of technology and product life
cycles, we generally write down inventory to net realizable
value based on forecasted product demand. Actual demand and
market conditions may be lower than those that we project and
this difference could have a material adverse effect on our
gross profit if inventory write-downs beyond those initially
recorded become necessary. Alternatively, if actual demand and
market conditions are more favorable than those we estimated at
the time of such a write-down, our gross profit could be
favorably impacted in future periods.
Overview of Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our results of operations for the
periods shown:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, | |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
June 30, | |
|
July 2, | |
|
|
2002 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
|
|
(in thousands) | |
Revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Product
revenue(1)
|
|
$ |
6,955 |
|
|
$ |
45,896 |
|
|
$ |
82,147 |
|
|
$ |
23,087 |
|
|
$ |
34,723 |
|
|
Contract revenue
|
|
|
7,223 |
|
|
|
7,661 |
|
|
|
12,365 |
|
|
|
5,039 |
|
|
|
8,233 |
|
|
Royalty revenue
|
|
|
639 |
|
|
|
759 |
|
|
|
531 |
|
|
|
483 |
|
|
|
62 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenue
|
|
|
14,817 |
|
|
|
54,316 |
|
|
|
95,043 |
|
|
|
28,609 |
|
|
|
43,018 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of Revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of product revenue
|
|
|
4,896 |
|
|
|
31,194 |
|
|
|
59,321 |
|
|
|
16,471 |
|
|
|
26,750 |
|
|
Cost of contract revenue
|
|
|
11,861 |
|
|
|
6,143 |
|
|
|
8,371 |
|
|
|
3,345 |
|
|
|
5,770 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total cost of revenue
|
|
|
16,757 |
|
|
|
37,337 |
|
|
|
67,692 |
|
|
|
19,816 |
|
|
|
32,520 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit
(loss)(1)
|
|
|
(1,940 |
) |
|
|
16,979 |
|
|
|
27,351 |
|
|
|
8,793 |
|
|
|
10,498 |
|
36
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, | |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
June 30, | |
|
July 2, | |
|
|
2002 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
|
|
(in thousands) | |
Operating Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
1,736 |
|
|
|
3,848 |
|
|
|
5,504 |
|
|
|
2,563 |
|
|
|
5,713 |
|
|
Selling, general and administrative
|
|
|
7,128 |
|
|
|
20,521 |
|
|
|
21,404 |
|
|
|
9,188 |
|
|
|
12,061 |
|
|
Stock-based
compensation(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
8,864 |
|
|
|
24,369 |
|
|
|
26,908 |
|
|
|
11,751 |
|
|
|
17,864 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income (loss)
|
|
|
(10,804 |
) |
|
|
(7,390 |
) |
|
|
443 |
|
|
|
(2,958 |
) |
|
|
(7,366 |
) |
Other income (expense), net
|
|
|
45 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
(80 |
) |
|
|
(41 |
) |
|
|
211 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) before income taxes
|
|
|
(10,759 |
) |
|
|
(7,375 |
) |
|
|
363 |
|
|
|
(2,999 |
) |
|
|
(7,155 |
) |
Income tax expense
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
144 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$ |
(10,774 |
) |
|
$ |
(7,411 |
) |
|
$ |
219 |
|
|
$ |
(3,000 |
) |
|
$ |
(7,157 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Beginning in the first quarter of 2004, we converted from
recognizing revenue from U.S. consumer product sales on a
sell-through basis (when retail stores sold our
robots) to a sell-in basis (when our robots are
shipped to retail stores). As a result of this conversion, our
revenue and gross profit in the first quarter of 2004 included
$5.7 million and $2.5 million, respectively, from
robots shipped prior to 2004. |
(2) |
Stock-based compensation recorded in 2005 breaks down by expense
classification as follows: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
July 2, 2005 | |
|
|
| |
|
|
(unaudited) | |
|
|
(in thousands) | |
Cost
of product revenue
|
|
$ |
9 |
|
Cost
of contract revenue
|
|
|
11 |
|
Research
and development
|
|
|
32 |
|
Selling,
general and administrative
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
stock-based compensation
|
|
$ |
90 |
|
|
|
|
|
The following table sets forth our results of operations as a
percentage of revenue for the periods shown:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended | |
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
December 31, | |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
June 30, | |
|
July 2, | |
|
|
2002 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Product revenue
|
|
|
47.0 |
% |
|
|
84.5 |
% |
|
|
86.4 |
% |
|
|
80.7 |
% |
|
|
80.8 |
% |
|
Contract revenue
|
|
|
48.7 |
|
|
|
14.1 |
|
|
|
13.0 |
|
|
|
17.6 |
|
|
|
19.1 |
|
|
Royalty revenue
|
|
|
4.3 |
|
|
|
1.4 |
|
|
|
0.6 |
|
|
|
1.7 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenue
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of Revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of product revenue
|
|
|
33.0 |
|
|
|
57.4 |
|
|
|
62.4 |
|
|
|
57.6 |
|
|
|
62.2 |
|
|
Cost of contract revenue
|
|
|
80.1 |
|
|
|
11.3 |
|
|
|
8.8 |
|
|
|
11.7 |
|
|
|
13.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total cost of revenue
|
|
|
113.1 |
|
|
|
68.7 |
|
|
|
71.2 |
|
|
|
69.3 |
|
|
|
75.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit (loss)
|
|
|
(13.1 |
) |
|
|
31.3 |
|
|
|
28.8 |
|
|
|
30.7 |
|
|
|
24.4 |
|
37
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended | |
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
December 31, | |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
June 30, | |
|
July 2, | |
|
|
2002 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Operating Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
11.7 |
|
|
|
7.1 |
|
|
|
5.8 |
|
|
|
9.0 |
|
|
|
13.3 |
|
|
Selling, general and administrative
|
|
|
48.1 |
|
|
|
37.8 |
|
|
|
22.5 |
|
|
|
32.1 |
|
|
|
28.0 |
|
|
Stock-based compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
59.8 |
|
|
|
44.9 |
|
|
|
28.3 |
|
|
|
41.1 |
|
|
|
41.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income (loss)
|
|
|
(72.9 |
) |
|
|
(13.6 |
) |
|
|
0.5 |
|
|
|
(10.4 |
) |
|
|
(17.1 |
) |
Other income (expense), net
|
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.1 |
) |
|
|
(0.1 |
) |
|
|
0.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) before income taxes
|
|
|
(72.6 |
) |
|
|
(13.6 |
) |
|
|
0.4 |
|
|
|
(10.5 |
) |
|
|
(16.6 |
) |
Income tax expense
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
|
(72.7 |
)% |
|
|
(13.6 |
)% |
|
|
0.2 |
% |
|
|
(10.5 |
)% |
|
|
(16.6 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comparison of Six Months Ended July 2, 2005 to Six
Months Ended June 30, 2004 |
Our revenue increased 50.4% to $43.0 million in the six
months ended July 2, 2005 from $28.6 million in the
six months ended June 30, 2004. Revenue increased
approximately $200,000, or 0.9%, in our consumer business and
$14.6 million, or 166.4%, in our government and industrial
business. The increase in revenue from our consumer products was
driven by continued demand for our Roomba floor vacuuming
robots. In addition, during the six months ended July 2,
2005, we added one retailer to our retail network, which
accounted for approximately 1% of our total revenue during the
period and increased the total number of retailers offering our
products to 16. The increase in revenue from our government and
industrial business was due primarily to increased revenue from
sales of our military robots, including the partial shipment of
an order for 152 of our PackBot tactical military robots from
the U.S. Navy, and a significant increase in contract
revenues generated under funded research and development
contracts, including under the Future Combat Systems program.
Our revenue in 2004 was impacted by our conversion in accounting
for U.S. consumer product sales from a
sell-through basis (when retail stores sell our
Roomba robots to their customers) to a sell-in basis
(when our robots are shipped by us to the retail stores). As a
result of this conversion, in 2004 we recognized
$5.7 million of product revenue from products shipped by us
prior to 2004. If such one-time revenue had not been included in
our results in the six months ended June 30, 2004, revenues
in our consumer business would have increased by
$5.9 million, or 43.1%, from the six months ended
June 30, 2004 to the comparable period of 2005. This
increase in product revenue is directly attributable to the
expansion of our distribution channel combined with the
introduction of the second generation of our Roomba line of
robots in the third quarter of 2004.
Our cost of revenue increased to $32.5 million in the six
months ended July 2, 2005, compared to $19.8 million
in the six months ended June 30, 2004. The increase is
primarily attributable to a 229.3% increase in the unit sales of
our PackBot robots, and a $2.4 million increase in costs
associated with the $3.2 million increase in contract
revenue. Unit sales in our consumer business increased by
approximately 16.8% (excluding the impact of converting to
sell-in accounting in the first quarter of 2004 as
described above). In addition to the changes in sales volume,
the unit costs of manufacturing our consumer robots increased by
approximately 10.7% over the comparable period in 2004 related
primarily to an increase in costs associated with the production
of the second generation Roomba robots. In addition, the unit
costs of manufacturing our PackBot robots decreased by
approximately 25.0% over the comparable period in 2004 as a
result of manufacturing economies of scale.
38
Gross profit increased 19.4% to $10.5 million in the six
months ended July 2, 2005, from $8.8 million in the
six months ended June 30, 2004. Gross profit as a
percentage of revenue decreased to 24.4% in the six months ended
July 2, 2005 from 30.7% of revenue in the six months ended
June 30, 2004. This 6.3% decrease in gross profit as a
percent of revenue in the first six months of 2005, was
primarily due to a one-time 3.4% increase in gross profit for
the six months ended June 30, 2004, as a result of the
conversion to sell-in accounting and, to a lesser
extent, to a 1.2% decrease in gross profit from royalty revenue
for the six months ended July 2, 2005. Additionally, the
gross profit was also impacted by the changes in the cost of
manufacturing described above.
Research and development expenses increased approximately 122.9%
to $5.7 million (13.3% of revenue) in the six months ended
July 2, 2005 from $2.6 million (9.0% of revenue) in
the six months ended June 30, 2004. The increase in
research and development expenses was primarily due to increased
headcount in our consumer products research and development
function to 40 employees at July 2, 2005 from
25 employees at June 30, 2004. In the six months ended
July 2, 2005 and June 30, 2004, we incurred the
majority of our independent (non-funded) research and
development expenses to support the development of enhancements
to our Roomba product line. In addition, at the beginning of
2004, we began product development work on a floor washing robot
now known as Scooba.
In addition to our internal research and development activities
discussed above, we incur research and development expenses
under funded development arrangements with both governments and
industrial third parties. For the six months ended July 2,
2005, these expenses amounted to $5.8 million compared to
$3.3 million for the comparable period in 2004. The
increase in these expenses was primarily due to increased
headcount in our research and development function to
68 employees at July 2, 2005 from 40 employees at
June 30, 2004. In accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, these expenses have been classified as
cost of revenue rather than research and development expense.
|
|
|
Selling, General and Administrative |
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 31.3% to
$12.1 million (28.0% of revenue) in the six months ended
July 2, 2005 from $9.2 million (32.1% of revenue) in
the six months ended June 30, 2004. The increase in
selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily due
to an increase in advertising and promotion in support of the
Roomba product line, including our Roomba Scheduler robot, an
expansion of our corporate administrative support services in
the areas of accounting, information technology, human
resources, legal and corporate marketing, and the expenses
associated with our preparations to become a public company
during the six months ended July 2, 2005.
|
|
|
Other Income (Expense), Net |
Other income, net amounted to $211,000 in the six months ended
July 2, 2005 compared to other expense, net of
approximately $41,000 in the six months ended June 30,
2004. The increase in other income (expense), net was primarily
due to interest earned on invested cash during the six months
ended July 2, 2005.
Since we operated at a net loss during the first six months of
2005 and 2004, we did not incur an income tax expense during
either period.
|
|
|
Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2004 and
2003 |
Our revenue increased 75.0% to $95.0 million in 2004, from
$54.3 million in 2003. Revenue increased
$28.3 million, or 65.6%, in our consumer business and
$12.0 million, or 106.6%, in our government and industrial
business. The increase in revenue from our consumer products was
driven by continued strong
39
demand for our Roomba floor vacuuming robot, originally
introduced in late 2002, and in particular by the introduction
of the second generation of our Roomba floor vacuuming robots in
the third fiscal quarter of 2004. In addition, to a lesser
extent, this increase in revenue from our consumer products
resulted from the addition of new retailers as channel partners.
The increase in revenue from our government and industrial
business was due primarily to increased revenue from sales of
our military robots and, to a lesser extent to increased
contract revenue. In addition, during 2004, we added three
retailers to our network, which accounted for approximately 14%
of our total revenue during the period and increased the total
number of retailers offering our products to 15. The sales of
our military robots in 2004 were driven by the continued strong
demand for our PackBot robot, attributable primarily to the
level of hostilities in Afghanistan and Iraq and the need for
soldiers to deal with a large number of explosive devices.
Our revenue in 2004 was impacted by our conversion in accounting
for U.S. consumer product sales from a
sell-through basis to a sell-in basis.
As a result of this conversion, we recognized $5.7 million
of product revenue in the first quarter of 2004 from products
shipped by us prior to 2004.
Our cost of revenue increased to $67.7 million in 2004
compared to $37.3 million in 2003. The increase is
primarily attributable to a 69.4% increase in the unit sales of
consumer robots, a 98.1% increase in the unit sales of our
PackBot robots, and a $2.2 million increase in costs
associated with the $4.7 million increase in contract
revenue. In addition to the changes in sales volume, the unit
costs of manufacturing our consumer robots increased by
approximately 6.9% over the comparable period in 2003 related
primarily to an increase in costs associated with the production
of the second generation Roomba robots. In addition, the unit
costs of manufacturing our PackBot robots decreased by
approximately 12.4% over the comparable period in 2003 as a
result of manufacturing economies of scale.
Gross profit increased 61.1% to $27.4 million in 2004, from
$17.0 million in 2003. Gross profit as a percentage of
revenue decreased to 28.8% in 2004 from 31.3% of revenue in
2003. This decrease in gross profit, as a percentage of revenue,
was due primarily to the factors described above, as well as a
decrease in royalty revenue, and a reduction of the average
sales price of our first-generation Roomba robot in anticipation
of the introduction of the second-generation robots in mid-2004.
Research and development expenses increased approximately 43.0%
to $5.5 million (5.8% of revenue) in 2004 from
$3.8 million (7.1% of revenue) in 2003. In 2004 and 2003,
we incurred the majority of our independent (non-funded)
research and development expenses to support the development of
enhancements to our Roomba product line resulting in the launch
of the second-generation of our Roomba floor vacuuming robots in
2004. In addition, at the beginning of 2004, we began product
development work on our Scooba floor washing robot. Research and
development expenses for our government and industrial business
do not include the costs of research funded by various
government and industrial third-parties. The direct costs of
these funded programs increased by $2.3 million from
$6.1 million in 2003 to $8.4 million in 2004.
|
|
|
Selling, General and Administrative |
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased slightly
to $21.4 million (22.5% of revenue) in 2004 from
$20.5 million (37.8% of revenue) in 2003. The spending in
2003 reflects our promotion of our Roomba robot in its first
full year of availability, including a significant investment in
advertising for market penetration and product and brand
awareness.
|
|
|
Other Income (Expense), Net |
Other income (expense), net principally consists of interest
income on our investment portfolio, partially offset by interest
expense as we occasionally borrow on a working capital line of
credit. Other expense, net for
40
2004 amounted to $80,000 compared to other income, net of
$15,000 in 2003. In 2004, the other expense, net consisted
primarily of interest expense incurred as a result of our
borrowings under our working capital line of credit and
discounts for accelerated payments $140,000, partially offset by
interest income of $60,000 earned on our cash portfolio.
Our income taxes represent primarily state taxes and the impact
of applying the alternative minimum tax rules. We had
$13.1 million and $13.2 million of tax loss
carry-forwards, for U.S. federal income tax purposes,
outstanding as of December 31, 2004 and December 31,
2003, respectively.
|
|
|
Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2003 and
2002 |
Our revenue increased 266.6% to $54.3 million in 2003, from
$14.8 million in 2002. Product revenue increased
$38.9 million, or 559.9%, and contract revenue increased
approximately $400,000, or 6.1%. The increase in product revenue
in 2003 resulted from the first full year of sales of our Roomba
robots, originally introduced in late 2002, and the first full
year of sales of our PackBot robots, first introduced to the
military market in late 2002. In addition, during 2003, we added
eight retailers to our retail network, which accounted for
approximately 29% of our total revenue during the period and
increased the total number of retailers offering our products to
twelve.
Our cost of revenue increased to $37.3 million (or 68.7% of
revenue) from $16.8 million (or 113.1% of revenue) in 2002.
The increase in the cost of revenue is primarily due to the
increase in product revenue of $38.9 million. The reduction
in the cost of revenue as a percentage of total revenue is
primarily due to an increase in product sales volume and related
economies of scale and significant improvement in margins
realized on funded research and development contracts. In 2002,
we recorded a significant loss on funded research and
development contracts, resulting in contract costs exceeding the
revenue earned. Contract costs as a percentage of contract
revenue generated under funded research and development
contracts declined to 80.2% in 2003 from 164.2% in 2002.
Gross profit increased to $17.0 million in 2003, from a
negative gross profit of $1.9 million in 2002. Gross profit
as a percentage of revenue increased to 31.3% of revenue in 2003
from a negative gross profit as a percentage of revenue of
13.1%. This improved gross profit as a percentage of revenue was
due to contract revenue exceeding contract costs in 2003 by
$1.5 million and a gross profit percentage of 32.0% on
product revenue in 2003. The loss in 2002 was primarily due to
$11.9 million of contract costs being only partially offset
by $7.2 million of contract revenue.
Research and development expenses increased approximately 121.7%
to $3.8 million (7.1% of revenue) in 2003 from
$1.7 million (11.7% of revenue) in 2002. The majority of
this increase in 2003 was due to product development work on our
Roomba robots, including work on several enhancements to the
first-generation Roomba robot and on our second-generation
Roomba products. Research and development expenses do not
include the costs of research funded by various government and
industrial third-parties. The direct costs of these funded
programs decreased by $5.8 million from $11.9 million
in 2002 to $6.1 million in 2003.
|
|
|
Selling, General and Administrative |
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased
approximately 187.9% to $20.5 million (37.8% of revenue) in
2003 from $7.1 million (48.1% of revenue) in 2002. During
2003, we initiated our first significant
41
efforts to promote, market and sell our Roomba robots. The
increase in selling, general and administrative expenses in 2003
was due in large part to these promotional efforts and our
substantial investment in our financial and systems capabilities.
|
|
|
Other Income (Expense), Net |
Other income, net for 2003 amounted to $15,000 compared to
$45,000 in 2002. In 2003 and 2002, the other income, net was
primarily interest income earned on our cash portfolio.
We had $13.2 million and $14.8 million of tax loss
carry-forwards, for U.S. federal income tax purposes,
outstanding as of December 31, 2003 and December 31,
2002, respectively.
Quarterly Results of Operations
You should read the following tables presenting our unaudited
quarterly results of operations in conjunction with the
consolidated financial statements and related notes contained
elsewhere in this prospectus. We have prepared the unaudited
information on the same basis as our audited consolidated
financial statements. You should also keep in mind, as you read
the following tables, that our operating results for any quarter
are not necessarily indicative of results for any future
quarters or for a full year.
The following table presents our unaudited quarterly results of
operations for the six fiscal quarters ended July 2, 2005.
This table includes all adjustments, consisting only of normal
recurring adjustments, that we consider necessary for fair
statement of our financial position and operating results for
the quarters presented.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fiscal Quarter Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
|
March 31, | |
|
June 30, | |
|
September 30, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
March 31, | |
|
July 2, | |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2005 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(unaudited) | |
|
|
(in thousands) | |
Revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Product
revenue(1)
|
|
$ |
15,812 |
|
|
$ |
7,275 |
|
|
$ |
25,502 |
|
|
$ |
33,558 |
|
|
$ |
12,531 |
|
|
$ |
22,193 |
|
|
Contract revenue
|
|
|
2,221 |
|
|
|
2,818 |
|
|
|
3,461 |
|
|
|
3,865 |
|
|
|
4,539 |
|
|
|
3,693 |
|
|
Royalty revenue
|
|
|
465 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
(15 |
) |
|
|
62 |
|
|
|
62 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenue
|
|
|
18,498 |
|
|
|
10,111 |
|
|
|
28,948 |
|
|
|
37,485 |
|
|
|
17,132 |
|
|
|
25,886 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of Revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of product revenue
|
|
|
10,417 |
|
|
|
6,053 |
|
|
|
18,560 |
|
|
|
24,290 |
|
|
|
9,834 |
|
|
|
16,917 |
|
|
Cost of contract revenue
|
|
|
1,352 |
|
|
|
1,994 |
|
|
|
2,101 |
|
|
|
2,924 |
|
|
|
3,124 |
|
|
|
2,645 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total cost of revenue
|
|
|
11,769 |
|
|
|
8,047 |
|
|
|
20,661 |
|
|
|
27,214 |
|
|
|
12,958 |
|
|
|
19,562 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross
profit(1)
|
|
|
6,729 |
|
|
|
2,064 |
|
|
|
8,287 |
|
|
|
10,271 |
|
|
|
4,174 |
|
|
|
6,324 |
|
Operating Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
1,422 |
|
|
|
1,141 |
|
|
|
1,206 |
|
|
|
1,735 |
|
|
|
3,048 |
|
|
|
2,665 |
|
|
Selling, general and administrative
|
|
|
4,790 |
|
|
|
4,399 |
|
|
|
4,139 |
|
|
|
8,077 |
|
|
|
5,295 |
|
|
|
6,766 |
|
|
Stock-based
compensation(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
63 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
6,212 |
|
|
|
5,540 |
|
|
|
5,345 |
|
|
|
9,812 |
|
|
|
8,370 |
|
|
|
9,494 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income (loss)
|
|
|
517 |
|
|
|
(3,476 |
) |
|
|
2,942 |
|
|
|
459 |
|
|
|
(4,196 |
) |
|
|
(3,170 |
) |
Other income (expense), net
|
|
|
(35 |
) |
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
|
(32 |
) |
|
|
97 |
|
|
|
114 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) before income taxes
|
|
|
482 |
|
|
|
(3,481 |
) |
|
|
2,935 |
|
|
|
427 |
|
|
|
(4,099 |
) |
|
|
(3,056 |
) |
Income tax expense
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
124 |
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$ |
481 |
|
|
$ |
(3,481 |
) |
|
$ |
2,811 |
|
|
$ |
408 |
|
|
$ |
(4,101 |
) |
|
$ |
(3,056 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
42
|
|
(1) |
Beginning in the first quarter of 2004, we converted from
recognizing revenue from U.S. consumer product sales on a
sell-through basis (when retail stores sold our
robots) to a sell-in basis (when our robots are
shipped to retail stores). As a result of this conversion, our
revenue and gross profit in the first quarter of 2004 included
$5.7 million and $2.5 million, respectively, from
robots shipped prior to 2004. |
(2) |
Stock-based compensation recorded in 2005 breaks down by expense
classification as follows: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fiscal Quarter Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
|
March 31, | |
|
July 2, | |
|
|
2005 | |
|
2005 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(unaudited) | |
|
|
(in thousands) | |
Cost
of product revenue
|
|
$ |
3 |
|
|
$ |
6 |
|
Cost
of contract revenue
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
Research
and development
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
Selling,
general and administrative
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
stock-based compensation
|
|
$ |
27 |
|
|
$ |
63 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following table sets forth our results of operations as a
percentage of revenue for the periods shown:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fiscal Quarter Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
|
March 31, | |
|
June 30, | |
|
September 30, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
March 31, | |
|
July 2, | |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2005 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Product revenue
|
|
|
85.5 |
% |
|
|
72.0 |
% |
|
|
88.0 |
% |
|
|
89.5 |
% |
|
|
73.1 |
% |
|
|
85.7 |
% |
|
Contract revenue
|
|
|
12.0 |
|
|
|
27.9 |
|
|
|
12.0 |
|
|
|
10.3 |
|
|
|
26.5 |
|
|
|
14.3 |
|
|
Royalty revenue
|
|
|
2.5 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
0.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenue
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of Revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of product revenue
|
|
|
56.3 |
|
|
|
59.9 |
|
|
|
64.1 |
|
|
|
64.8 |
|
|
|
57.4 |
|
|
|
65.4 |
|
|
Cost of contract revenue
|
|
|
7.3 |
|
|
|
19.7 |
|
|
|
7.3 |
|
|
|
7.8 |
|
|
|
18.2 |
|
|
|
10.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total cost of revenue
|
|
|
63.6 |
|
|
|
79.6 |
|
|
|
71.4 |
|
|
|
72.6 |
|
|
|
75.6 |
|
|
|
75.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit
|
|
|
36.4 |
|
|
|
20.4 |
|
|
|
28.6 |
|
|
|
27.4 |
|
|
|
24.4 |
|
|
|
24.4 |
|
Operating Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
7.7 |
|
|
|
11.3 |
|
|
|
4.2 |
|
|
|
4.6 |
|
|
|
17.8 |
|
|
|
10.3 |
|
|
Selling, general and administrative
|
|
|
25.9 |
|
|
|
43.5 |
|
|
|
14.3 |
|
|
|
21.6 |
|
|
|
30.9 |
|
|
|
26.1 |
|
|
Stock-based compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
33.6 |
|
|
|
54.8 |
|
|
|
18.5 |
|
|
|
26.2 |
|
|
|
48.9 |
|
|
|
36.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income (loss)
|
|
|
2.8 |
|
|
|
(34.4 |
) |
|
|
10.1 |
|
|
|
1.2 |
|
|
|
(24.5 |
) |
|
|
(12.2 |
) |
Other income (expense), net
|
|
|
(0.2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.1 |
) |
|
|
0.6 |
|
|
|
0.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) before income taxes
|
|
|
2.6 |
|
|
|
(34.4 |
) |
|
|
10.1 |
|
|
|
1.1 |
|
|
|
(23.9 |
) |
|
|
(11.8 |
) |
Income tax expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.4 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
|
2.6 |
% |
|
|
(34.4 |
)% |
|
|
9.7 |
% |
|
|
1.0 |
% |
|
|
(23.9 |
)% |
|
|
(11.8 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Driven primarily by sales of our Roomba robots, our consumer
product revenue has tended to be significantly seasonal, with a
majority of our consumer product revenue generated in the second
half of the year (in advance of the holiday season). Retail
customers typically place orders for the holiday season in the
third quarter and early in the fourth quarter.
Our contract revenue increased each quarter during 2004 and the
first quarter of 2005 due primarily to our increasing activity
in U.S. Armys Future Combat Systems, or FCS, program.
Our contract revenue declined slightly in the second quarter of
2005 due primarily to non-recurring work performed under the FCS
43
contract during the first quarter of 2005. Since our FCS
contract is a cost-reimbursable type contract, we generate
revenue by assigning personnel to the contract and prosecuting
the work. Excluding revenue from our FCS contract, our contract
revenue has grown modestly on a quarterly basis.
Our gross profit as a percentage of revenue fluctuates
significantly on a quarterly basis. Since certain costs of
revenue are relatively fixed in the near term (for example,
manufacturing engineering, quality assurance and related
overhead costs), our gross profit tends to be lower during the
first half of the year and to improve as revenue increases in
the second half of the year.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
At July 2, 2005 and December 31, 2004, our principal
sources of liquidity were cash, cash equivalents and restricted
cash totaling $15.1 million and $19.4 million,
respectively, and accounts receivable of $7.3 million and
$14.4 million, respectively. We have funded our growth
primarily with proceeds from the issuance of convertible
preferred stock for aggregate net cash proceeds of
$37.5 million, occasional borrowings under a working
capital line of credit and cash generated from operations.
We manufacture and distribute our products through contract
manufacturers and third-party logistics providers. We believe
that this approach gives us the advantages of relatively low
capital investment and significant flexibility in scheduling
production and managing inventory levels. By leasing our office
facilities, we also minimize the cash needed for expansion. Our
capital spending is generally limited to leasehold improvements,
computers, office furniture and product-specific production
tooling and test equipment. In the six months ended July 2,
2005, and the year ended December 31, 2004, we spent
$1.4 million and $3.2 million, respectively, on
capital equipment.
The majority or our consumer products are delivered to our
customers directly from our contract manufacturer in China.
Accordingly, our consumer product inventory consists of goods
shipped to our domestic third-party logistic providers for the
fulfillment of domestic retail orders and direct-to-consumer
sales. Our inventory of military products is minimal as they are
generally built to order. Our contract manufacturers are
responsible for purchasing and stocking the components required
for the production of our products, and they invoice us when the
finished goods are shipped. Based on this approach to production
and distribution, we turned our inventory approximately twelve
times during 2004.
Our consumer product sales are, and are expected to continue to
be, highly seasonal. This seasonality typically results in a net
use of cash in support of operating needs during the first half
of the year with the low point generally occurring in the middle
of the third quarter, and a favorable cash flow during the
second half of the year. We have relied on our working capital
line of credit to cover the short-term cash needs resulting from
the seasonality of our consumer business.
Net cash used by our operating activities in the first half of
2005 was $3.4 million compared to net cash generated by
operating activities of $8.9 million in 2004 and net cash
used by operating activities of $11.3 million in 2003 and
$3.7 million in 2002. The cash used by our operating
activities in the first half of 2005 was primarily due to a net
loss of $7.2 million and an increase in inventory of
$4.7 million, offset by a decrease in accounts receivable
of $7.1 million, an increase in liabilities of
approximately $600,000, and depreciation and amortization of
deferred compensation of approximately $900,000 and $200,000,
respectively, both of which are non-cash expenses. The cash
provided by our operating activities in 2004 was primarily due
to net income of approximately $200,000, an increase in total
liabilities of $8.8 million, a decrease in inventory of
$3.8 million, a decrease in unbilled revenue of
approximately $400,000 and a decrease in other assets of
approximately $400,000, which were partially offset by an
increase in accounts receivable of $6.3 million. In
addition, in 2004, we had $1.3 million of depreciation
expense and approximately $300,000 of amortization of deferred
compensation, which are non-cash expenses. The cash used by our
operating activities in 2003 was primarily due to a net loss of
$7.4 million, an increase in accounts receivable and
unbilled revenue of approximately $8.0 million, an increase
in inventory of $8.8 million and an increase in other
assets of approximately $100,000, which were partially offset by
an increase in total liabilities of
44
$12.3 million. In addition, in 2003, we had approximately
$700,000 of depreciation expense, which is a non-cash expense.
The cash used by our operating activities in 2002 was primarily
due to a net loss of $10.8 million, an increase in unbilled
revenue of approximately $300,000, an increase in inventory of
$1.8 million and an increase in other assets of
approximately $400,000, which were partially offset by an
increase in total liabilities of $8.9 million. In addition,
in 2002, we had approximately $500,000 of depreciation expense,
which is a non-cash expense.
Net cash used in our investing activities was $1.4 million
in the first half of 2005, $3.2 million in 2004,
$1.3 million in 2003 and approximately $400,000 in 2002.
Investment activities throughout the period represent the
purchase of capital equipment in support of our growth,
including computer equipment, internal use software, furniture
and fixtures, engineering and test equipment, and production
tooling. A significant portion of the increase in investing
activities from 2003 to 2004 reflects the purchase of production
tooling in support of the ramp-up of Roomba production.
Net cash provided by our financing activities was approximately
$400,000 in the first half of 2005, $9.2 million in 2004
and $14.3 million in 2003. The cash impact of financing
activities in 2002 was negligible. Net cash provided by our
financing activities in the first half of 2005 consisted
primarily of the proceeds from employee exercises of incentive
stock options. Net cash provided by our financing activities in
2004 consisted primarily of proceeds of $9.9 million from
the issuance of a series of convertible preferred stock,
approximately $300,000 from exercises of common stock options
and approximately $300,000 from the issuance of restricted
stock, offset by $1.3 million for repayment of borrowings
under our working capital line of credit. Net cash provided by
our financing activities in 2003 consisted primarily of proceeds
of $12.9 million from the issuance of a series of
convertible preferred stock and $1.3 million of borrowings
under our working capital line of credit.
The majority of our long-lived assets for the years ended
December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004 are located in the United
States. However, beginning in 2002, we invested a significant
amount in production tooling for the manufacture of the Roomba
product line in China.
Historically, we have incurred significant losses, largely
attributable to our investment in internally funded research and
development. Based on our historical product development
efforts, we launched our first commercial products, our Roomba
floor vacuuming robot and our PackBot tactical military robot,
in 2002. Since 2002, our revenue has significantly increased,
our investment in internally-funded research and development has
declined as a percentage of revenue, and we achieved
profitability in 2004. We have not invested significantly in
property, plant and equipment, and we have established an
outsourced approach to manufacturing that provides significant
flexibility in both managing inventory levels and financing our
inventory. Our consumer revenue has been highly seasonal. This
seasonality tends to result in the net use of cash during the
first half of the year and significant generation of cash in the
second half of the year. Given the recent success of our
products and resulting growth in revenue, we believe that the
proceeds of this offering, existing cash, cash equivalents, cash
provided by operating activities and funds available through our
bank line of credit will be sufficient to meet our working
capital and capital expenditure needs for the foreseeable future.
On May 26, 2005, we obtained a working capital line of
credit with a bank under which we can borrow up to
$20.0 million, including a $2.0 million sub-limit for
equipment financing. Interest accrues at a variable rate based
on prime or published LIBOR rates. The line expires on
May 26, 2007 at which time all advances will be immediately
due and payable. As of July 2, 2005, we had no amounts
outstanding and $20.0 million available under our working
capital line of credit. Borrowings are secured by substantially
all of our assets other than our intellectual property. The
credit facility restricts our ability to:
|
|
|
|
|
incur or guaranty additional indebtedness; |
|
|
|
create liens; |
|
|
|
enter into transactions with affiliates; |
45
|
|
|
|
|
make loans or investments; |
|
|
|
sell assets; |
|
|
|
pay dividends or make distributions on, or repurchase, our
stock; or |
|
|
|
consolidate or merge with other entities. |
In addition, we are required to maintain quarterly tangible net
worth thresholds under the credit facility that vary by quarter
based on anticipated seasonality in our business. These
thresholds are based on our stockholders equity assuming
conversion of all of our convertible preferred stock into shares
of common stock. These operating and financial covenants may
restrict our ability to finance our operations, engage in
business activities or expand or pursue our business strategies.
At July 2, 2005, we were in compliance with all covenants
under the credit facility. To the extent we are unable to
satisfy those covenants in the future, we will need to obtain
waivers to avoid being in default of the terms of this credit
facility. In addition to a covenant default, other events of
default under our credit facility include the filing or entry of
a tax lien, attachment of funds or material judgment against us,
or other uninsured loss of our material assets. If a default
occurs, the bank may require that we repay all amounts then
outstanding. After this offering, we expect that we will have
sufficient resources to fund any amounts which may become due
under this credit facility as a result of a default by us or
otherwise. Any amounts which we may be required to repay prior
to a scheduled repayment date, however, would reduce funds that
we could otherwise allocate to other opportunities that we
consider desirable.
|
|
|
Working Capital and Capital Expenditure Needs |
We currently have no material cash commitments, except for
normal recurring trade payables, expense accruals and operating
leases, all of which we anticipate funding through our existing
working capital line of credit, working capital and funds
provided by operating activities. In addition, we do not
currently anticipate significant investment in property, plant
and equipment, and we believe that our outsourced approach to
manufacturing provides us significant flexibility in both
managing inventory levels and financing our inventory. We
believe our existing cash, cash equivalents, cash provided by
operating activities, funds available through our working
capital line of credit and the net proceeds from this offering
will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital
expenditure needs over at least the next twelve months. In the
event that our revenue plan does not meet our expectations, we
may eliminate or curtail expenditures to mitigate the impact on
our working capital. We have not yet prepared a detailed cash
forecast for fiscal year 2006 or beyond however, and our future
capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our
rate of revenue growth, the expansion of our marketing and sales
activities, the timing and extent of spending to support product
development efforts, the timing of introductions of new products
and enhancements to existing products, the acquisition of new
capabilities or technologies, and the continuing market
acceptance of our products and services. Moreover, to the extent
that existing cash, cash equivalents, cash from operations, cash
from short-term borrowing and the net proceeds from this
offering are insufficient to fund our future activities, we may
need to raise additional funds through public or private equity
or debt financing. Although we are currently not a party to any
agreement or letter of intent with respect to potential
investments in, or acquisitions of, businesses, services or
technologies, we may enter into these types of arrangements in
the future, which could also require us to seek additional
equity or debt financing. Additional funds may not be available
on terms favorable to us or at all.
Contractual Obligations
We generally do not enter into binding purchase commitments. Our
principal commitments consist of obligations under our lines of
credit and leases for office space. The following table
describes our commitments to settle contractual obligations in
cash as of December 31, 2004:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payments Due by Period | |
|
|
| |
|
|
Less Than | |
|
1 to | |
|
3 to | |
|
|
|
|
1 Year | |
|
3 Years | |
|
5 Years | |
|
Total | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(in thousands) | |
Operating leases
|
|
$ |
929 |
|
|
$ |
1,519 |
|
|
$ |
766 |
|
|
$ |
3,214 |
|
46
As of July 2, 2005, our total contractual obligations had
increased by $1.5 million from December 31, 2004, due
to additional commitments made for leased office space at our
Burlington, Massachusetts location.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of July 2, 2005, we had no off-balance sheet
arrangements as defined in Item 303(a)(4) of the Securities
and Exchange Commissions Regulation S-K.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123R, which
requires the measurement of all share-based payments to
employees, including grants of employee stock options, using a
fair-value-based method and the recording of such expense in our
consolidated statement of operations. The accounting provisions
of SFAS No. 123R are effective for fiscal years
beginning after June 15, 2005. We will be required to adopt
SFAS No. 123R for our fiscal quarter beginning
January 1, 2006. The pro forma disclosures previously
permitted under SFAS No. 123 no longer will be an
alternative to financial statement recognition. We have not yet
determined whether the adoption of SFAS No. 123R will
result in amounts that are similar to the current pro forma
disclosures under SFAS No. 123. We are evaluating the
requirements under SFAS No. 123R and expect the
adoption to have a significant adverse impact on our
consolidated operating results.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Nearly all of our revenue is derived from transactions
denominated in U.S. dollars, even though we maintain sales
and business operations in foreign countries. As such, we have
exposure to adverse changes in exchange rates associated with
operating expenses of our foreign operations, but we believe
this exposure to be immaterial.
|
|
|
Interest Rate Sensitivity |
We had unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
totaling $15.1 million at July 2, 2005. The
unrestricted cash and cash equivalents are held for working
capital purposes. We do not enter into investments for trading
or speculative purposes. Some of the securities in which we
invest, however, may be subject to market risk. This means that
a change in prevailing interest rates may cause the principal
amount of the investment to fluctuate. To minimize this risk in
the future, we intend to maintain our portfolio of cash
equivalents and short-term investments in a variety of
securities, including commercial paper, money market funds, debt
securities and certificates of deposit. Due to the short-term
nature of these investments, we believe that we do not have any
material exposure to changes in the fair value of our investment
portfolio as a result of changes in interest rates. As of
July 2, 2005, all of our investments were held in money
market accounts.
Our exposure to market risk also relates to the increase or
decrease in the amount of interest expense we must pay on our
outstanding debt instruments, primarily certain borrowings under
our bank line of credit. The advances under this line of credit
bear a variable rate of interest determined as a function of the
prime rate or the published LIBOR rate at the time of the
borrowing. At July 2, 2005, there were no amounts
outstanding under our working capital line of credit.
47
BUSINESS
Overview
iRobot provides robots that enable people to complete complex
tasks in a better way. For over 15 years, we have developed
proprietary technology incorporating advanced concepts in
navigation, mobility, manipulation and artificial intelligence
to build industry-leading robots. Our Roomba floor vacuuming
robot and recently announced Scooba floor washing robot perform
time-consuming domestic chores, and our PackBot tactical
military robots perform battlefield reconnaissance and bomb
disposal. In addition, we are developing the Small Unmanned
Ground Vehicle reconnaissance robot for the
U.S. Armys transformational Future Combat Systems
program and, in conjunction with Deere & Company, the
R-Gator unmanned ground vehicle. We sell our robots to consumers
through a variety of distribution channels, including over 7,000
retail locations and our on-line store, and to the
U.S. military and other government agencies worldwide.
Since our founding by roboticists who performed research at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, we have accumulated
expertise in all the disciplines necessary to build durable,
high-performance and cost-effective robots through the close
integration of software, electronics and hardware. Our core
technologies serve as reusable building blocks that we adapt and
expand to develop next generation and new products, reducing the
time, cost and risk of product development. For example, our
proprietary AWARE Robot Intelligence Systems enable the
behavioral control of robots. Our AWARE systems allow our Roomba
floor vacuuming robot to clean an entire floor while avoiding
obstacles and not falling down stairs, and also allow our
PackBot robots and the R-Gator unmanned ground vehicle to
accomplish complex missions such as waypoint navigation and
real-time obstacle avoidance.
Our significant expertise in robot design and engineering,
combined with our management teams experience in military
and consumer markets, positions us to capitalize on the growth
we expect in the market for robot-based products. We believe
that the sophisticated technologies in our existing consumer and
military applications are adaptable to a broad array of markets
such as law enforcement, homeland security, commercial cleaning,
elderly care, oil services, home automation, landscaping,
agriculture and construction. Our strategy is to maintain a
leadership position in pursuing new applications for robot
solutions by leveraging our ability to innovate, to bring new
products to market quickly, to reduce costs through design and
outsourcing capabilities, and to commercialize the results of
our research, much of which is government funded.
Over the past three years, we sold more than 1.2 million of
our Roomba floor vacuuming robots. We also sold to the
U.S. military during that time more than 200 of our PackBot
tactical military robots, most of which have been deployed on
missions in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Market Opportunity
Throughout history, people have looked for better ways to
improve productivity and quality of life. Whether it has been
the invention and use of simple, hand-held tools or complex
machines, the goal has been the same: complete tasks more
effectively, more efficiently, more safely and less expensively.
Over the past two centuries, we have seen dramatic quality of
life improvements in many areas, including agriculture,
transportation and communication, from the invention and use of
new tools and machines.
While tools and machines typically improve productivity and
efficiency, many jobs still involve repetitive tasks, put people
in harms way, or require significant physical exertion.
Over the past several decades, the desire to continue to improve
productivity and quality of life has led to the development of
robots. Robots perform a variety of complex or repetitive tasks
on command or by being programmed in advance. Unlike simple
tools or machines, robots are designed to more fundamentally
improve the effectiveness, efficiency, safety and ease with
which tasks are completed. Early robots, designed to repeat
actions in specific, known environments, have been and continue
to be deployed successfully in environments automating
repetitive tasks, such as on assembly lines and in manufacturing
plants. While these first-generation robots created significant
improvements in productivity, they are limited in their ability
to operate in unknown or changing environments. As a result,
these robots are not suited for a vast majority of the daily
tasks that people
48
undertake. This unmet need creates a significant market
opportunity for new technologies to perform such tasks.
Two decades ago, scientists began researching how to design and
manufacture robots that could complete a wider range of tasks.
In the 1980s, our co-founder and chief technology officer,
Dr. Rodney Brooks, and his team at MIT began to develop a
new generation of robots. Dr. Brooks noticed that insects,
although possessing severely limited computation abilities,
effectively deal with their environment. Using these
observations as a starting point, Dr. Brooks began to
develop behavior-based, artificially-intelligent robots. In
contrast to first-generation robots used in manufacturing
environments, behavior-based robots are designed to complete
missions, not repetitive tasks, in complex and dynamic,
real-world environments.
Behavior-based robots have a much wider range of applications
than first-generation robots. For example, behavior-based robots
can perform a wide range of domestic chores for consumers, which
require the ability to complete missions in dynamic and changing
environments. Initial consumer applications for robots have
included floor vacuuming and floor washing. In addition,
behavior-based robots are capable of being designed to complete
other domestic chores, including bathtub and toilet cleaning, as
well as outdoor home maintenance, such as lawn mowing and window
washing.
The need for robots in consumer applications has increased in
parallel with the evolution of robot technology. We believe that
the demand for robots that can complete domestic chores is
developing rapidly due to demographic trends including the aging
population, increasing prevalence of dual-income households,
declining birth rates and ongoing reduction in peoples
free time. According to the 2004 United Nations
Economic Commission for Europe in cooperation with the
International Federation of Robotics, there will be
approximately $2.6 billion spent worldwide on household
robots from 2004 through 2007. In 2001, the Japan Robotics
Association estimated that the worldwide market for home robots
will be ¥1.5 trillion approximately
$12.3 billion in 2010. In 2004, Future Horizons
estimated that the total worldwide robotic market will be
$59.3 billion in 2010. While the market for behavior-based
robots is in its early stages, the potential opportunity for
robots in specific market segments can be measured by reference
to sales of traditional products in these segments. For example,
according to the Freedonia Group, over 25 million vacuums
were sold in the United States in 2003, resulting in a market
size of $3.4 billion. Today, our floor vacuuming robots
represent less than 1% of total vacuums in U.S. households.
Other market segments, such as wet floor cleaning and lawn
mowing, represent global, multi-billion dollar markets.
The worldwide need for security and the transformation of the
military are driving the market opportunity in the defense and
government sector for automated and unmanned systems. The growth
of the market for robots geared to the defense sector is driven
by an expanding field of use for such robots as well as a
heightened focus on initiatives to minimize military personnel
loss and reduce cost, while increasing mobility and deployment
rapidity. The current use of robots for reconnaissance and bomb
disposal is expanding to also include surveillance, supply chain
logistics and attack functions. The shift to less traditional
warfare, demographic trends resulting in the decline of the pool
of available military personnel, the increasing cost of military
personnel (reported to be a median lifetime cost of
$4 million per soldier) and the political ramifications of
personnel casualties are driving the military to develop
alternatives to its human-capital resources. Warfare
modernization directives incorporate the use of robots in
accordance with the National Defense Authorization Act of 2001,
which stated that it shall be a goal of the Armed Forces
to achieve the fielding of unmanned, remotely controlled
technology such that...by 2015, one-third of the operational
ground combat vehicles of the Armed Forces are unmanned.
Regardless of the implementation of specific government
programs, a common characteristic underlying military upgrade
plans appears to be a greater reliance on automation and
unmanned systems.
Military robot development efforts have been significantly
enhanced by extensive collaboration among the Department of
Defense agencies. This collaboration was formalized by the Joint
Robotics Program implemented by the United States Congress in
1989 to establish and pursue improvements in robot operational
capabilities. Today, the military services have recognized a
critical war-fighting role for robots as unmanned ground
systems, as well as for reconnaissance, surveillance and
explosive ordnance device remediation. Future military
transformation plans such as the U.S. Armys Future
Combat Systems, or FCS,
49
program as well as current operations in the global war on
terrorism, have featured robots prominently to increase mission
effectiveness. In 2005, the Government Accountability Office
(GAO) stated that FCS program costs to develop and purchase the
first increment, which would equip about one-third of the active
Armys combat brigades, could exceed $108 billion. In
addition to other systems, the FCS program is intended to
include three classes of Unmanned Ground Vehicles, or UGVs: the
Armed Robotic Vehicle, or ARV, Multifunctional Utility/
Logistics and Equipment Vehicle, or MULE, and the Small Unmanned
Ground Vehicle, or SUGV. Ultimately, the FCS program indicates
that production of as many as three increments of
1,245 SUGV units each over the next decade is anticipated.
Behavior-based robots also have the potential to be extremely
effective in areas of homeland security, such as potential use
by emergency first responders, and local law enforcement, as
well as in perimeter and infrastructure security. Furthermore,
in the industrial sector, behavior-based robots can be used to
complete a wide range of missions, including cleaning, equipment
maintenance, data acquisition, exploration and discovery,
inspection, construction demolition, and delivery.
Historical attempts to develop economical, behavior-based robots
have had limited success due to, among other things, the
inherent complexities in integrating the mechanical, electrical,
sensor, power and software systems, and artificial intelligence
necessary to create true functionality. Consequently, initial
attempts to develop behavior-based robots for the consumer,
government, defense and industrial markets have typically
resulted in expensive and fragile robots, which cannot complete
their missions effectively or efficiently. To be successful in
their missions and valued by their intended consumer, government
or industrial customers, robots must be high-performance,
durable and cost-effective, as well as easy-to-use.
The iRobot Solution
We sell robots that are designed to help people complete complex
tasks in a better way. The key benefits of the iRobot solution
are:
Better Results. Our robots help perform dull, dirty or
dangerous missions with better results. Our Roomba floor
vacuuming robot cleans under beds and other furniture, resulting
in significantly cleaner floors because it can access more of
the floor than standard upright vacuum cleaners. Our recently
announced Scooba floor washing robot is designed to clean floors
more effectively than mopping because it sweeps, washes and
dries in a single pass and stores clean and dirty water
separately, rather than recycling dirty water during the
cleaning process. Our PackBot tactical military robot is
credited with saving the lives of U.S. service personnel in
Afghanistan and Iraq by performing dangerous military missions
that would otherwise have been performed by soldiers.
Easy-to-Use. Our robots encompass advanced technology and
a user-friendly design that make them easy to set up, operate
and maintain. Our Roomba robots work at the touch of a single
button, appealing to consumers intuition and requiring
extremely limited set-up and learning time. Our Roomba Scheduler
automatically turns itself on to clean on a schedule and returns
to its home base to recharge. Our PackBot robots, while
entailing greater user interaction, require only a few hours of
training for their users.
Cost-Effective. We believe our robots deliver high value
for their cost. By leveraging existing technology building
blocks, we are able to cut down our product development costs
and provide robots at significantly lower cost than competitors.
Our PackBot robots cost relatively little when compared to the
value of saving the lives of armed forces personnel. Our Roomba
floor vacuuming robots reduce the time spent by customers to
clean rooms quickly and effectively. Our Roomba robots are
priced competitively with traditional vacuum cleaners, but
require practically no operator time, thereby enhancing
productivity for the consumer.
Safe and Durable. Safety and durability are key design
objectives of all our products. For example, our PackBot robots
have been developed with a patented, safe-firing circuit
designed to prevent accidental discharge or detonation. To
complete missions in challenging environments, PackBots
sturdy design allows it to withstand 400gs, or a ten-foot
drop onto concrete. Our Roomba robots have a triple-redundant
system to prevent them from falling down stairs and undergo
severe quality control tests that include compression and drop
tests.
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Innovation is at the core of our company. Our innovation engine,
comprised of our robot technology, roboticists and robot market
experience, enables us to design and introduce new products
rapidly in a wide range of markets. Since 2002, we have
introduced more than twelve new products and product
enhancements.
iRobot Innovation Engine
Robot Technology. We design behavior-based robots. Our
proprietary AWARE Robot Intelligence Systems are code bases that
implement the behavioral control of robots. Our robots rely on
the interplay between behavior-based, artificially intelligent
systems, real-world dynamic sensors, friendly user interfaces
and tightly-integrated electromechanical designs. Combining
these four components, we have created proprietary reusable
building blocks of robotics capabilities that encompass
mobility, navigation, manipulation, payload and user control.
These technology building blocks are reusable and are leveraged
in each product development project. The design and development
of robots require not only strong competencies in each of the
underlying technologies but also an ability to combine different
systems into a seamless product that works. iRobot has built
strong system integration capabilities.
Roboticists. With a strong engineering team of more than
100 roboticists, we are an industry leader in the development of
robot technology. Our people have a wealth of experience in key
technologies such as artificial intelligence principles, sensory
devices, electrical and mechanical systems, and user interfaces.
Our roboticists have prior experience designing robots to
explore Mars and the sea under the Arctic ice caps,
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unmanned air vehicles like the Fire Scout, and successful
consumer products like Lego Mindstorms and the Furby. While at
iRobot, our roboticists have accumulated experience designing
underwater vehicles, interactive toys and robots for
telepresence, wellbore maintenance and exploration of the Great
Pyramid.
Robot Market Experience. The market for behavior-based
robots is still relatively new and requires more than technology
expertise or a large engineering team to be successful. In
addition, success requires understanding of the nuances of the
market: how people interact with robots, what concerns people
about robots and how best to market robots to specific end
markets. Our experience as a pioneer in the robot market
provides us with competencies on how to design, develop and
market robots people need, will buy and will use.
Strategy
Our objective is to rapidly invent, design, market and support
innovative robots that will expand our leadership globally in
our existing markets and newly addressable markets. Key elements
of our strategy to achieve this objective include:
Deliver Great Products and Continue to Expand Our Existing
Markets. Our success is built upon our ability to deliver
innovative products rapidly at economical price points and to
offer a broad product line to our customers. We continuously
receive and circulate customer feedback on the performance of
our products to our engineers and product managers, allowing
them to incorporate modifications and expand and develop new
product lines to better meet our customers needs. Our
strategy of offering a broad range of products at multiple price
points allows us to grow with our existing customers, to attract
new customers worldwide and to supply our customers with robots
with increased capabilities. Within the consumer market today we
offer floor cleaning products for various surfaces at multiple
price points, as well as a number of product accessories. We are
extending our consumer products offerings to include Scooba, our
recently announced floor washing robot that sweeps, washes,
scrubs and dries hard floors automatically. We are extending our
military robot offerings from small, unmanned ground vehicles
(such as our PackBot line of robots) to full-scale autonomous
vehicles such as R-Gator.
Innovate to Penetrate New Markets. Our goal is to develop
innovative robots to perform dull, dirty or dangerous missions.
We are able to develop robots with functionalities that are
adaptable for use in a broad range of applications. Over our
history, we have developed robots for several different markets.
We intend to target new markets, such as law enforcement,
homeland security, commercial cleaning, elderly care, oil
services, home automation, landscaping, agriculture and
construction, where robots can create high value and can provide
a better way to complete complex tasks. We believe that our
experience in penetrating new market segments and our culture of
innovation provide us with a competitive advantage.
Complement Core Competencies with Strategic Alliances.
Our core competencies are the design, development and marketing
of robots. We rely on strategic alliances to provide
complementary competencies that we integrate into our products
and to enhance market access. For example, our alliance with The
Clorox Company, through which Clorox manufactures cleaning
fluid, allows us to integrate world-class cleaning technology
and know-how into our recently announced floor washing robot,
Scooba. Our alliance with Deere & Company allows us to
integrate our robot controls, navigation and obstacle avoidance
systems with rugged vehicles manufactured by Deere &
Company. Where appropriate, we may acquire companies, products
and technologies to strengthen our ability to compete in
existing markets or to establish initial footholds in new
markets. We outsource other non-core activities, such as
manufacturing and back-office functions, which helps us focus
our resources on our core competencies.
Leverage Research and Development Across Different Products
and Markets. We leverage our research and development across
all our products and markets. For example, we use technological
expertise developed through government-funded research and
development projects across our other product development
efforts. While the U.S. government retains certain rights
in the research projects that it has funded, we retain ownership
of patents and know-how and are generally free to develop other
commercial products, including consumer and industrial products,
utilizing the technologies developed during these projects.
Similarly, expertise developed while designing consumer products
is used in designing products for government and
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industrial applications. This strategy helps us in avoiding the
need to start each robot project from scratch, developing robots
in a cost-effective manner and minimizing time to market.
Develop a Community of Third-Party Developers Around Our
Platforms. We have developed products around which
communities of third-party developers can create related
accessories, software and complementary products. We intend to
foster this community by making our products into extensible
platforms with open interfaces designed to carry payloads. For
example, our robots are designed to allow third-party designers
to add sensors and other functionalities, such as acoustic
sniper detection and web-based control. We believe this strategy
will allow us to expand the footprint of iRobot while
maintaining our market leadership position.
Continue to Strengthen Our Brand. We will continue to
enhance our brand image and corporate identity. The iRobot brand
is designed to communicate innovation, reliability, safety and
value. Our robots performance and uniqueness have enabled
us to obtain strong word-of-mouth and extensive press coverage
leading to increasing brand awareness, brand personality and
momentum. We intend to invest in increasing brand awareness
through progressive marketing communication strategies, in-store
training and presentations and mass media outreach. In addition,
we will emphasize public relations campaigns. We will continue
to invest in our marketing programs to strengthen our brand
recognition and reinforce our message of innovation,
reliability, safety and value.
Continue to Invest Aggressively in Our Business and Our
People. We believe the best path to maximizing long-term
profit is to continue to invest significant resources in our
business and our people over the next several years. We plan to
invest in research and development and sales distribution
channels to extend and expand our market. We will also continue
to hire top talent from top schools and invest in our people
through training and on-the-job experience. We believe this
aggressive reinvestment in our business and our people will help
us maintain our market leadership.
Technology
We are focused on behavior-based, artificially-intelligent
systems developed to meet customer requirements in multiple
market segments. In contrast to robotic manufacturing equipment
or entertainment systems that are designed to repeat actions in
specific, known environments, our systems are designed to
complete missions in complex and dynamic real-world environments.
Behavior-based robotics has its roots in the groundbreaking work
our co-founder and chief technology officer, Dr. Rodney
Brooks, performed at MIT during the 1980s. At the time it was
believed that any intelligent robot would need a complete
representational world model, and that the essence of generating
intelligent behavior was explicit symbolic reasoning about
expected effects of actions on that internal model.
Dr. Brooks observed that insects, although possessing very
small brains with severely limited computational abilities, deal
effectively with their environment. Dr. Brooks noticed the
contrast between insects and the then accepted approach to
building artificially intelligent systems. Dr. Brooks
developed the subsumption architecture now commonly
referred to as the behavior-based approach to artificial
intelligence modeled on the constraints implied by the
limitations on the nervous systems of insects, the ethological
observations of animal behavior, and even the developmental
trajectories of human babies.
Robots utilizing this behavior-based approach use a layered
architecture, where the lowest level modules, or software
programs that communicate with other programs with a predefined
application program interface, generate behaviors based on
directly sensing the environment to maintain the integrity of
the mission. On top of these layers, and in parallel, additional
perceptual modules interpret sensory data in ways directly
relevant for the mission and produce specific behavior elements.
The overall behavior of these robots emerges from the inherently
non-linear interactions of the robot with its environment and
the interactions of the behavior generating modules. Robot
software systems built under this architecture are inherently
upgradeable. When new capabilities are desired for the robot, or
when additional sensors or actuators are added, new software
modules are added to the existing software base. The new
behaviors only become active in an appropriate context. When
they are active, they momentarily suppress more primitive
behaviors that the robot will continue to use as a default case.
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This architecture forms the foundation for how we design our
robots. For example, when our engineers design a behavior-based
cleaning robot, bottom-layer behaviors such as
avoid-collision are the most basic and are given the
highest priority. Top-layer behaviors such as clean
floor encapsulate high-level-intention and are built from
lower behaviors or function only when lower behaviors such as
avoid collision or recharge battery are
satisfied. To reduce complexity, each layer functions
simultaneously but asynchronously with no dependence on the
others. This independence reduces interference between behaviors
and prevents over-complexity, allowing behaviors to sequence and
re-sequence dynamically according to unforeseen problems. In
other words, we can deliver robots that accomplish real-world
tasks without being told exactly how to do them.
Our robots rely on the interplay among behavior-based
artificially intelligent systems, real-world dynamic sensors,
friendly user interfaces and tightly-integrated,
electromechanical designs to efficiently accomplish their
missions.
AWARE Robot Intelligence Systems. Our proprietary AWARE
Robot Intelligence Systems are code bases that enable the
behavioral control of robots. Moreover, the AWARE Systems
include modules that control behaviors, sensor fusion, power
management and communication. Our AWARE systems allow our Roomba
floor vacuuming robot to clean an entire floor while avoiding
obstacles and not falling down stairs, and also allow our
PackBot robots and the R-Gator unmanned ground vehicle to
accomplish complex missions such as waypoint navigation and
real-time obstacle avoidance.
Real-World, Dynamic Sensing. The degree of intelligence
that our robots display is directly attributable to their
ability to perceiveor sensethe world around them.
Using specialized hardware and signal processing, iRobot has
developed sensors that fit particular cost-performance criteria.
In other cases, we use off-the-shelf sensing hardware, such as
laser scanners, cameras and optical sensors.
User-Friendly Interfaces. Our robots require that users
interact and instruct our robots in intuitive ways without
extensive end-user set-up, installation, training or
instruction. For example, our Roomba Discovery robot requires
only one button to have the robot begin its mission, determine
the size of the room to be cleaned, thoroughly clean the room
and return to its re-charger, right out of the box without any
pre-programmed knowledge of the users home. Similarly, our
PackBot robots use intuitive controllers, interoperable between
systems, which integrate high-level supervisory commands from
the user into the behaviors of the robot. For example, a soldier
may use a familiar joystick interface to instruct the robot
where to move, while the robot continues to run lower-level
obstacle avoidance, motor thermal management, fiber-optic cable
management, and safety behaviors to ensure the completion of the
mission.
Tightly-Integrated, Electromechanical Design. Our
products rely on our ability to build inherently robust
integrated electrical and mechanical components into required
form factors. For instance, the computer
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that powers the PackBot tactical military robot must withstand
being dropped from more than ten feet onto concrete. Such high
performance specifications require tight design integration.
Combining these four components, we have created proprietary
reusable building blocks of robotics capabilities that include:
Mobility. Our consumer products have an affordable
mechanical platform that can navigate around floor spaces. Our
government and industrial products have a rugged mechanical
platform that can climb stairs and right itself using its
articulated flipper.
Navigation. Our platforms enable our consumer robots to
navigate autonomously around rooms following walls, detecting
cliffs, searching for their base stations and docking
themselves, and enable our military robots to circumnavigate
buildings autonomously by climbing curbs and avoiding obstacles.
Our navigation capabilities rely on technologies such as
infrared ranging, infrared beacon, three-dimensional laser
ranging, scanning sonar ranging and vision systems.
Manipulation. Our manipulators are designed to be modular
and scalable. Our PackBot OmniReach Manipulator System is a
six-foot dexterous arm with no external cabling. We have
developed a prototype of the PackBot EOD that has a larger arm
for more payload and reach, called NEOReach.
Payloads. Our PackBot Scout reconnaissance sensing
payload includes cameras and illumination. The PackBot Explorer
head includes a reconnaissance payload, audio and night vision
plus a pan-tilt-lift capability. Capabilities being added to
these payloads by third parties include acoustic sensing and
multispectral imagers.
User Control. Our robot control protocol allows a common
user interface to operate our military robots, such as our
PackBot robot, as well as the R-Gator unmanned ground vehicle.
Our household products have an easy push button interface with a
common remote control protocol for both our Roomba and Scooba
robots.
Swarm. Swarm technology represents collaborative
algorithms that dictate the group behavior of large numbers of
autonomous robots. Our algorithms are designed to be completely
scaleable and to function with groups of ten or groups of ten
thousand. We believe that our development platform is one of the
worlds largest swarms, with over 100 individual robots.
Our technology building blocks typically allow us to take a
known platform and modify it for a new mission instead of
starting from scratch for each application. This allows us to
design and develop innovative robots rapidly and
cost-effectively.
Products and Contracts
We design and sell robots for the consumer and government and
industrial markets.
We sell various products that are designed for use in the home,
with our current products focused on floor cleaning tasks. Our
consumer products provide value to our customers by producing
better cleaning results at an affordable price and by freeing
people from repetitive home cleaning tasks.
iRobot Roomba. Since its introduction in late 2002, more
than 1.2 million Roomba floor vacuuming robots have been
sold to consumers. We currently offer five Roomba models that
comprise our second generation floor vacuuming robots with
varying price points and performance characteristics.
Our Roomba robots compact disc shape allows it to clean
under beds and other furniture, resulting in significantly
cleaner floors since the Roomba can access more of the floor
than standard upright vacuum cleaners. Roomba is programmed to
keep operating until the floor is truly clean. In addition,
Roomba eliminates the need to push a vacuumit cleans
automatically upon the push of a button.
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All of our current Roomba floor vacuuming robots include the
following features:
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the ability to sense a cliff or drop-off point and
to react by reversing course automatically; |
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a non-marring bumper to clean up to obstacles without damaging
furniture or walls; |
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a wide cleaning path to clean an entire room on a single battery
charge; |
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an edging brush to clean along surface edges; |
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dirt-sensing, which allows the Roomba robot to detect dirtier
areas in the home and respond by increasing and extending the
intensity of its cleaning efforts in that concentrated
space; and |
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improved cleaning and maintenance operations, enhancing the user
friendliness of the Roomba robot. |
Our flagship Roomba Discovery robot also features automatic
self-docking, which enables the robot to return to its home base
for battery recharging when its battery runs low or it has
cleaned the room, and an advanced power system that charges
faster and runs longer than many other vacuums. Roomba Discovery
can clean, on average, three rooms on a single charge.
The suggested retail price for Roomba Discovery was initially
$249 per unit (in 2004) and is currently supporting a
suggested retail price of $279 per unit. The current
suggested retail price for our Roomba Red base product is
$149 per unit.
We have recently introduced the iRobot Roomba Schedulera
floor vacuuming robot that cleans a room automatically on a
user-determined schedule. The Scheduler robot is expected to be
available in retail outlets sometime during the third quarter of
2005 at a suggested retail price of $329 per unit.
We also offer a Scheduler accessory kit which allows owners of
the Roomba Discovery and Roomba Red to upgrade their robot to
achieve scheduling capability. In addition to the Scheduler
upgrade kit, we offer other accessories that allow users to
upgrade and maintain their Roomba, including virtual wall
sensing devices that direct Roomba to clean specific areas,
batteries and chargers, filters and brushes, and wall mounts. We
plan to continue to develop significant upgrades to our Roomba
product line.
iRobot Scooba. Scooba, our second major consumer product
line, will be the first floor washing robot available for home
use. Our Scooba robot utilizes the expertise gained from years
of Roomba development to create a robot to replace the task of
mopping.
Our Scooba robots innovative cleaning process will allow
the robot to simultaneously sweep, wash, scrub and dry hard
floors, all at the touch of a button. Unlike a conventional mop
that spreads dirty water on the floor, Scooba will apply only
fresh water and cleaning solution to the floor from a clean
tank. Scooba will clean wet spills in addition to dirt and
grime, and it is safe for use on all sealed, hard floor
surfaces, including wood and tile.
Scooba will have the ability to navigate around the room using a
light-touch bumper and will be smart enough to avoid carpets.
Scooba will feature the most advanced diagnostic system of any
of our consumer robots to provide the user with important
maintenance feedback and improve user experience and product
life.
With The Clorox Company, we have developed a
specially-engineered cleaning solution for use with the Scooba
floor washing robot. We began a collaboration with The Clorox
Company, a leader in home cleaning, in 2004 to create a cleaning
solution that, when combined with the Scooba, would clean all
hard floor surfaces and assist in the mobility of the robot.
Final engineering design work is expected to be completed on the
Scooba during the summer of 2005. We expect to have a limited
number of Scooba floor washing robots available in time for the
2005 holiday season, most likely through direct sales to
consumers, and plan a larger distribution for the first quarter
of 2006. We will jointly market this specially-engineered
cleaning solution with The Clorox Company. We expect that the
suggested retail price of our Scooba robot will be approximately
$399 per robot and sold through similar customer channels
as those that currently exist for our Roomba robots.
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Government and Industrial Products |
Our current government and industrial product offerings extend
from our PackBot line of small, unmanned ground robots to the
prototype R-Gator full-scale, autonomous vehicle. Our government
and industrial robots are designed for high-performance,
durability and ease of use. Our PackBot family of robots are
based on a common platform and are currently priced from
approximately $50,000 to $115,000 per unit.
iRobot PackBot Scout. PackBot Scout is a portable,
tactical, mobile robot designed for military operations in urban
terrain and other 21st century battle missions. This
lightweight, rugged robot can be hand-carried and deployed by a
single soldier. Already deployed in Afghanistan and Iraq,
PackBot Scout is designed to search dangerous or inaccessible
areas, providing soldiers with a safe first look so they know
what to expect and how to respond. Less than 20 centimeters high
and only 18 kilograms fully loaded, PackBot Scout offers five
open payload bays for maximum upgrade potential. Rated at more
than 400gs, the PackBot Scout is our most rugged PackBot
configuration.
iRobot PackBot Explorer. PackBot Explorer is designed for
performing real-time targeting and battle damage assessment in
dangerous or denied areas or other urban warfare scenarios.
PackBot Explorer can enter the danger zone before responders are
exposed to risk and function as the incident commanders
remote information gatherer. PackBot Explorer can help assess
the situation, ensure the appropriate response, and reduce risk.
iRobot PackBot EOD. PackBot EOD is a rugged, lightweight
robot designed to conduct explosive ordnance disposal, hazardous
materials, search-and-surveillance and other vital law
enforcement tasks for bomb squads, SWAT teams, military units
and other authorities. PackBot EOD can handle a full range of
improvised explosive device and conventional ordnance disposal
challenges. Our PackBot EOD robots lightweight and rugged
OmniReach Manipulator System can extend up to six feet to
safely disrupt improvised explosive devices, military ordnance,
land mines and other incendiary devices.
R-Gator: Autonomous Unmanned Ground Vehicle. The R-Gator
prototype is built on the well-established rugged
Deere & Company M-Gator military utility vehicle
platform and enhanced with iRobot robotic controls, navigation
and obstacle avoidance systems. The R-Gator is designed to serve
numerous important roles, acting as unmanned scout, point
man, perimeter guard, as well as pack/ ammunition/ supply
carrier for soldiers. In conjunction with Deere &
Company, we are currently in the process of producing a limited
number of R-Gator prototypes some of which will be used for
evaluation by a number of potential government customers. The
net proceeds of R-Gator sales will be shared between us and
Deere & Company. While early editions of these units
will be targeted exclusively for military use, there are many
potential industrial applications for the technology derived
from the R-Gator program, including potential applications in
agriculture, perimeter patrol, above-ground pipeline security
and logistics.
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Contract Research and Development Projects |
We are involved in several contract development projects with
various U.S. governmental agencies and departments. The
duration of these projects range from a few months to several
years. These projects are usually funded as either cost-plus
arrangements or time and materials contracts. In a cost-plus
contract, we are allowed to recover our actual costs plus a
fixed fee. The total price on a cost-plus contract is based
primarily on allowable costs incurred, but generally is subject
to a maximum contract funding limit. On our time and materials
contracts, we recover a specific amount per hour worked based on
a bill rate schedule, plus the cost of direct materials,
subcontracts, and other non-labor costs, including an
agreed-upon mark-up. A time and materials contract may provide
for a not-to-exceed price ceiling, as well as the potential that
we will absorb any cost overrun.
Government funding is provided to encourage the development of
robot technologies to solve various in-field challenges and with
the expectation that if the projects result in the development
of technically viable prototypes, then the government will
purchase multiple production units for future use in the field.
The government funding that we receive allows iRobot to
accelerate the development of multiple technologies. While the
U.S. government retains certain rights to military projects
that it has funded, such as the right to
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use inventions and disclose technical data relating to those
projects without constraining the recipients use of that
data, we retain ownership of patents and know-how and are
generally free to develop other commercial products, including
consumer and industrial products, utilizing the technologies
developed during these projects. The rights which the government
retains, however, may allow it to provide use of patent rights
and know-how to others, and some of the know-how might be used
by these third parties for their own development of consumer and
industrial products. The contract development projects that we
are currently undertaking include:
Small Unmanned Ground Vehicle (SUGV). FCS is a major
program to transform the U.S. Army to be strategically
responsive and dominant at every point on the spectrum of
operations, through real-time network centric communications and
systems of a family of manned vehicles and unmanned platforms by
the next decade. The FCS program combines advanced technologies,
organizations, people and processes with concepts to create new
sources of military power that are more responsive, deployable,
agile, versatile, lethal, survivable and sustainable. The FCS
system of systems is designed to provide increased strategic
responsiveness, adaptive modular organizations, and units of
action with three to seven days of self-sustainment.
Our specific role in the FCS program is to design and develop
the SUGV, which will be the soldiers robot.
The SUGV is expected to be a light-weight, man-portable robot
that will support reconnaissance, remote sensing and urban
warfare. Our involvement in the FCS program has enabled us to
improve various management and control systems and enhance our
engineering capabilities to achieve the Software Executive
Institutes Configuration Maturity Model, or CMM,
certification. The program has also funded the development of
earned value accounting and advanced modeling and simulation.
NEOMover. New Explosive Ordnance Mover, or NEOMover, is a
200-pound gross weight tracked vehicle, capable of transporting
a 150-pound payload, with a small footprint and extremely high
mobility sponsored by the Technology Support Working Group, or
TSWG. The NEOMover design incorporates a number of concepts
present in other iRobot remote controlled vehicles and
demonstrates many of the advantages that modular payloads and
common interfaces can bring to the explosive ordnance disposal
community. There are two goals of this effort. The first is to
advance the maturity levels of the NEOMover hardware, firmware
and software, and to enhance environmental ruggedness to a level
suitable for small quantity manufacturing and evaluation of
NEOMover platforms in field trials. The second is to maintain a
level of architectural openness for future component integration
with other TSWG common architecture components to enable
continued future development.
Wayfarer. Wayfarer is an applied research project funded
by the U.S. Army Tank-automotive and Armaments Command, or
TACOM, to develop fully-autonomous urban reconnaissance
capabilities for our PackBot robot. On todays
battlefields, urban reconnaissance is vital to the safety and
effectiveness of the soldier. Teleoperated robots can extend the
soldiers vision, but their applications are limited by
communications range and available bandwidth. Wayfarer is being
designed to increase the survival rates and effectiveness of
urban soldiers by extending their vision beyond communications
range. Wayfarer robots are being designed to perform the
following fully-autonomous reconnaissance missions:
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Route Reconnaissance. Move ahead of the soldier along a
planned route of advance and return maps and video of what lies
ahead. |
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Perimeter Reconnaissance. Traverse the entire perimeter
of a building complex and return with maps and video. |
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Street-Based Reconnaissance. Navigate down city streets
using street-following behaviors along with GPS/ INS and return
maps and video of the urban terrain. The modular Wayfarer
navigation payload connects to the standard PackBot payload
interface and includes light detection and ranging, or LIDAR,
stereo vision, forward-looking infrared, or FLIR, and inertial
navigation system sensor hardware. |
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Strategic Alliances
Our strategic alliances are an important part of our product
development and distribution strategies. We rely on strategic
alliances to provide technology, complementary product offerings
and increased and quicker access to markets. We seek to form
relationships with those entities that can provide best-in-class
technology or complementary market advantages for establishing
iRobot technology in new market segments.
Among the strategic alliances we have established with
commercial entities are the following:
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Deere & Company. We have entered into a
strategic business agreement with the commercial and consumer
equipment division of Deere & Company to explore and
potentially collaborate on multiple projects involving
technology and product development and commercialization
efforts. We have collaborated with Deere & Company on
the development of the R-Gator unmanned ground vehicle.
Deere & Company has provided funded research and
development, access to its M-Gator military utility vehicle
platform and certain other technology, and we have provided
robot technologies, including our AWARE Robot Intelligence
Systems. Technology jointly developed under the agreement will
be owned by both Deere & Company and us, and technology
independently developed by either Deere & Company or us
will be owned by the developing party. We and Deere &
Company are currently in the process of producing a limited
number of R-Gator prototypes for evaluation by potential
government contractors. Net proceeds from sales of the R-Gator
generally will be shared equally between us and Deere &
Company, subject to recoupment of each partys respective
contribution to the project. |
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To facilitate management of the R-Gator project and additional
collaborative activities, we and Deere & Company have
established a joint management committee to develop proposals
for projects, oversee and report on the progress and fulfillment
of projects, and seek opportunities to further the goals of the
strategic business relationship through joint demonstration of
technology and products at trade shows, industry days and
internal management reviews. We believe that our strategic
alliance with Deere & Company will lead to
technologies, and later products, that are directly applicable
to serving markets such as agricultural and construction
equipment, in which we believe autonomous vehicles can play a
significant role. Under the agreement, we have agreed not to
work with any third party on projects competitive with certain
Deere & Company products if Deere & Company
makes annual payments to us under the agreement of at least
$2.0 million. |
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The Clorox Company. We have entered into a joint
development and license agreement with The Clorox Company,
whereby Clorox is the exclusive provider of the cleaning
solution for the Scooba floor washing robot. Our alliance with
The Clorox Company allows us to integrate their cleaning
technology and know-how into our floor washing robot, improves
consumer perception and awareness of our brand by association
and through joint marketing, and provides a necessary product
component at an affordable price. |
Our strategy of working closely with third parties extends to
the design of our products. By offering extensible platforms
designed to carry payloads, we have designed and manufactured
our products to leverage the work of those individuals and
organizations that offer specialized technological expertise.
The PackBot and the Roomba robots are designed with open
interfaces that allow third-party designers to add sensors or
other functionality to our robots.
Sales and Distribution Channels
We sell our products through distinct sales channels to the
consumer and government and industrial markets.
We sell our consumer products through a network of approximately
18 national retailers representing over 7,000 stores
in the United States. We also offer our products through the
iRobot on-line store on our website. Internationally, our
products are sold in over 40 countries, primarily through
in-country distributors who resell to retail stores in their
respective countries.
59
We have a philosophy to choose supportive channel partners, and
we have grown, and intend to continue to selectively grow our
retail network globally and by product line. We began with four
retailers in 2002, grew to twelve retailers in 2003 and
15 retailers in 2004, and expect to continue to expand our
retail network in 2005. Certain smaller domestic retail
operations are supported by distributors to whom we sell product
directly. None of our customers individually comprised more than
10% of total revenue in the year ended December 31, 2004.
For the year ended December 31, 2004, approximately 65% of
our total revenue was generated from our top 15 consumer
customers:
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|
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Amazon.com
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Kohls |
Bed
Bath & Beyond
|
|
Linens n Things |
Best
Buy
|
|
Mitsui & Co. |
Brookstone
|
|
M. Block & Sons |
BJs
Wholesale Club
|
|
Sears |
Hammacher
Schlemmer
|
|
The Sharper Image |
The
Home Depot
|
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Target |
Home
Shopping Network
|
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|
Our retail network is our primary distribution channel for our
consumer products. Although not currently a material component
of our product sales, we maintain, and intend to expand our
direct-to-consumer offerings through the iRobot on-line store to
reach our customers in the most effective way. We have
established valuable databases and customer lists that allow us
to target directly those consumers most likely to purchase a new
robot or upgrade. Our close connection with our customers in
each of our markets provides an enhanced position from which to
improve our distribution and product offerings.
In the United States, we maintain an in-house sales and product
management team of ten employees. Outside the United States and
Canada we sell our consumer products through distributors. Our
consumer distribution strategy is intended to increase our
global penetration and presence while maintaining high quality
standards to ensure end-user satisfaction.
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Government and Industrial |
We sell our government and industrial products directly to end
users and indirectly through prime contractors. While the
majority of government and industrial products have been sold to
date to various operations within the U.S. federal
government, we also sell to state and local government
organizations. Our military products are sold overseas in
compliance with the International Trafficking in Arms
Regulations, or ITAR. We have sold our products to the
governments of various countries in the past several years,
including France, Germany, Singapore and Sweden.
Customers and sponsors for our government products and contracts
include:
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Research Support Agencies |
|
Military Customers |
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U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
(DARPA)
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U.S. Army |
U.S. Space and Warfare Command (SPAWAR)
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U.S. Marine Corps |
U.S. Army Tank-automotive and Armaments Command
(TACOM)
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U.S. Navy |
Technology Support Working Group (TSWG)
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Our government products are sold by a team of seven government
sales specialists with over 40 years of cumulative
experience in selling to government and defense agencies. All of
these individuals have years of experience selling military
products to government procurement offices, both in the United
States and internationally. We maintain a one-person direct
sales and support presence in Europe.
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Customer Service and Support |
We also emphasize ongoing customer service and support. Consumer
customer service representatives, some of whom are in-house and
some of whom are outsourced, are extensively trained on the
technical
60
intricacies of our consumer products. Government and industrial
customer representatives are usually former military personnel
who are experienced in logistical and technical support
requirements for military operations.
Marketing and Brand
We market our consumer products in the United States to end-user
customers directly through our sales and product management team
of ten employees. We also market our consumer products in the
United States through our retail network of approximately
18 national retailers and internationally through
in-country distributors. We market our government and industrial
products directly through our team of seven government sales
specialists to end users and indirectly through prime
contractors. We also market our product offerings through our
iRobot website. Our marketing strategy is to increase our brand
awareness and associate the iRobot brand with innovation,
reliability, safety and value. Our sales and marketing expenses
represented 17.2% of our revenue from product sales in 2004.
We believe that we have built a trusted, recognized brand by
providing high-quality robots. We believe that customer
word-of-mouth has been a significant driver of our brands
success to date, which can work very well for products that
inspire a high level of user loyalty because users are likely to
share their positive experiences. Our grass-roots marketing
efforts focus on feeding this word-of-mouth momentum, and we use
public relations and advertising to promote our products.
Our innovative robots and public relations campaign have
generated extensive press coverage. In 2005 alone, we have been
featured in over 600 articles in local, national and
international media including Newsweek, The New York Times and
The Wall Street Journal. iRobot and our robots have also been
profiled on a number of broadcast media including the Discovery
Channel and CNN. In addition, our products have been parodied on
Saturday Night Live, have appeared as a character on
Arrested Development and have been shown on
The Gilmore Girls. Our Roomba floor vacuuming robots
ranked number seven on Google Inc.s Froogle
Queries Top 10 Popular Brand Names in 2004. In
addition, iRobot and our robots have won several awards,
including Time Magazines Gadget of the Week, CES
Innovations 2005 Best Of Product award, the
2005 Appliance Design Excellence in Design award, the 2005 IEEE
and International Federation of Robotics Innovation award and
Business Week Onlines Best of Whats New for 2004.
Our inclusion as one of 15 prime contractors on the FCS program
has greatly enhanced our brand and awareness among government
and industrial customers. Through these efforts, we have been
able to build our brand at minimal cost to us and we expect that
our reputation for innovative products and word-of-mouth support
will continue to play a significant role in our growth and
success.
In addition to building our brand through customer satisfaction
and public relations, iRobot has been able to become a leading
brand in the categories in which we compete. We believe there is
value in this leadership position as it helps create a
self-supporting, virtuous cycle. Our customer demand enhances
our pricing power, which leads to additional funds to invest in
research and development and promotion. This, in turn, enables
our products to meet or exceed customer expectations and
reinforces our brand leadership position. We expect to continue
our investment in national advertising, consumer and trade
shows, direct marketing and public relations to further build
brand awareness. We believe that our significant in-house
experience designing direct campaigns and promotional materials
and with media targeting is a significant competitive advantage.
Our website is also playing an increasing role in supporting
brand awareness, answering customer questions and serving as a
powerful showcase for our products. Our consumer robots and
accessories are sold through our site. Our site includes
information on how to contact retail channels in the United
States and links to various sites where customers can directly
purchase our products.
Manufacturing
Our core competencies are the design, development and marketing
of robots. Our manufacturing strategy is to outsource non-core
activities, such as the production of our robots, to third party
entities skilled in manufacturing. By relying on the outsourced
manufacture of both our consumer and our military robots, we can
focus our engineering expertise on the design of robots.
61
Using our engineering team of over 100 roboticists, we can
rapidly prototype design concepts and products to achieve
optimal value, produce products at lower cost points and
optimize our designs for manufacturing requirements, size and
functionality.
Manufacturing a new product requires a close relationship
between our product designers and the manufacturing
organizations. Using multiple engineering techniques, our
products are introduced to the selected production facility at
an early-development stage and the feedback provided by
manufacturing is incorporated into the design before tooling is
finalized and mass production begins. As a result, we can
significantly reduce the time required to move a product from
its design phase to mass production deliveries, with improved
quality and yields.
Since 2002, we have outsourced the manufacturing of our consumer
products to one contract manufacturer, Jetta Company Limited at
a single plant in China. Jetta Company Limited has been
manufacturing products since 1977 and brings substantial
experience to our production requirements. Jetta Company Limited
has several manufacturing locations and has recently expanded
one of its facilities to increase capacity for the production of
our Roomba robots. Combined with our own engineering operation
in Hong Kong, this allows us to design our products in the
United States, use our own engineers in Hong Kong as the
technical interface with the facilities in China, and benefit
from the experience of Jetta Company Limited and its engineers.
Our government and industrial products are manufactured by Gem
City Engineering Corporation at one plant in Dayton, Ohio. Gem
City Engineering Corporations location is particularly
important as military products supplied to the
U.S. government must have the majority of their content
manufactured in the United States. Gem City Engineering
Corporation has multiple facilities and relies on other
subcontractors for certain component manufacturing capabilities.
Gem City Engineering Corporation has been in the business of
manufacturing primarily metal-tooled products since 1936, and
has produced numerous products for military contractors. Their
engineers are skilled in the production of products meeting
military specifications, preparing final products for military
inspection and conducting quality reviews.
Research and Development
We believe that our future success depends upon our ability to
continue to develop new products and product accessories, and
enhancements to and applications for our existing products. For
the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, our
research and development expenses were $5.5 million,
$3.8 million and $1.7 million, respectively. In
addition to our internal research and development activities,
for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, we
have incurred research and development expenses under funded
development arrangements with governments and industrial third
parties of $8.4 million, $6.1 million and
$11.9 million, respectively. Of our total research and
development spending in 2004, approximately 41.7% was funded by
government-sponsored research and development contracts. We
intend to continue to invest in research and development to
respond to and anticipate customer needs. We expect to introduce
multiple new products over the next several years that will
continue to address our existing market sectors.
Our research and development is conducted by small teams of
individuals dedicated to particular projects. Current research
and development teams include the Roomba team, Scooba team,
Wayfarer team, NEOMover team and PackBot team. Teams are
typically comprised of less than ten employees including one
team leader and electrical, software and mechanical engineers.
In connection with our FCS SUGV program involving more than 40
employees, we have instituted a formal integrated product team
structure consisting in System of Systems, Integrated Logistical
Support, Program Operations and Business Operations teams to
work together to deliver a platform that integrates with the FCS
system of systems.
62
Our research and development efforts are primarily located at
our headquarters in Burlington, Massachusetts, and our special
projects engineering office in San Luis Obispo,
California. In addition, we have a product development team
working in Hong Kong. Our global engineering system allows us to
leverage the time difference between our United States
operations and our outsourced facilities in China resulting in a
fast, low cost global design and manufacturing cycle. The first
stage of the cycle takes place in our Burlington, Massachusetts
office where we focus on product definition, prototyping, market
research and financial analysis. We then create a design for
manufacturing competency, model and simulate the product, and
finally conduct regression testing. After we develop the
prototypes, we transfer them to Hong Kong for the production
stage of the cycle. During the production stage, engineers on
two continents work around the clock on refining the designs.
iRobot Global Engineering System
One of the methods we use to develop military products is a
spiral development process to get field tested
equipment to the troops quickly. After we develop a new product
or product upgrade that will fill the desired capability of the
user, it is tested with soldiers in the field. The user provides
performance feedback on the product to the in-field engineer.
Revisions are made quickly, possibly for the next day, to retest
in the field. This method has allowed our research and
development team to not only make revisions on existing products
quickly and efficiently, but also to capture feedback for future
upgrades and innovations to meet user needs. An example of our
spiral development process was the introduction of our first
PackBot tactical military robot. When the PackBot was first
deployed by the U.S. Army in Afghanistan, we sent one of
our technical program managers into the field with the robot.
The soldiers gave feedback upon returning from a mission, and
our development team made the desired changes to the software.
These changes were then downloaded to the PackBot in
Afghanistan, sometimes even before the next mission. In
addition, based on design ideas from the soldiers using the
PackBot, our engineers developed the PackBot Explorer, a recent
addition to our PackBot product line. We intend to solicit
similar user feedback in the field for the new prototype R-Gator
intelligent vehicle to capture the users operational
requirements as the product matures.
Our research and development efforts for our next-generation
products are supported by a variety of sources. Our research and
development efforts for our next-generation military products
are predominately supported by U.S. governmental research
organizations such as the Defense Advanced Research Projects
Agency, or DARPA, U.S. Space and Warfare Command, or
SPAWAR, Technology Support Working Group, or TSWG, and the
U.S. Armys FCS program. While the
U.S. government retains certain rights in the research
projects that it has funded, we retain ownership of patents and
know-how and are generally free to develop other commercial
products, including consumer and industrial products, utilizing
the technologies developed during these projects. Similarly,
expertise developed while designing consumer products is used in
designing products for government and industrial applications.
We also work with strategic collaborators to develop
industry-specific technologies. Moreover, we continue to
aggressively reinvest in advanced research and development
projects to maintain our technical capability and to enhance our
product offerings, allowing us to maintain our leadership
position in the marketplace.
63
Competition
The market for robots is highly competitive, rapidly evolving
and subject to changing technologies, shifting customer needs
and expectations and the likely increased introduction of new
products. We believe that a number of established companies have
developed or are developing robots that will compete directly
with our product offerings, and many of our competitors have
significantly more financial and other resources than we
possess. Our current principal competitors include:
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|
developers of robotic floor care products such as AB Electrolux,
Alfred Kärcher GmbH & Co., Samsung Electronics
Co., Ltd., Koolatron Corp. and Yujin Robotic Co. Ltd.; |
|
|
|
developers of small unmanned ground vehicles such as
Foster-Miller, Inc.a wholly owned subsidiary of QinetiQ
North America, Inc., Allen-Vanguard Corporation, and
Remoteca division of Northrop Grumman Corporation; and |
|
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|
established government contractors working on unmanned systems
such as Lockheed Martin Corporation, BAE Systems, Inc. and
General Dynamics Corporation. |
While we believe many of our customers purchase our floor
cleaning robots as a supplement to, rather than a replacement
for, their traditional vacuum cleaners, we do compete in some
cases with providers of traditional vacuum cleaners.
We believe that the principal competitive factors in the market
for robots include product features and performance for the
intended mission, cost of purchase and total cost of system
operation, including maintenance and support, ease of use and
integration with existing equipment, quality, reliability and
customer support and brand and reputation. We believe we compete
favorably with our competitors in both the consumer and
government and industrial markets on the basis of the foregoing
factors.
Our ability to remain competitive will depend to a great extent
upon our ongoing performance in the areas of product development
and customer support. We cannot assure you that our products
will continue to compete favorably or that we will be successful
in the face of increasing competition from new products and
enhancements introduced by existing competitors or new companies
entering the markets in which we provide products.
Intellectual Property
We believe that our continued success depends in large part on
our proprietary technology, the intellectual skills of our
employees and the ability of our employees to continue to
innovate. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright,
trademark and trade secret laws, as well as confidentiality
agreements, to establish and protect our proprietary rights.
As of July 2, 2005, we held 19 U.S. patents and more
than 25 pending U.S. patent applications. Also, we held
three foreign patents and more than 20 pending foreign patent
applications. Our first U.S. patent is set to expire in
2008. We do not expect the expiration of this patent to
adversely affect our intellectual property position. Our other
U.S. patents will begin to expire in 2019. We will continue
to file and prosecute patent (or design registration, as
applicable) applications when and where appropriate to attempt
to protect our rights in our proprietary technologies. We also
encourage our employees to continue to invent and develop new
technologies so as to maintain our competitiveness in the
marketplace. It is possible that our current patents, or patents
which we may later acquire, may be successfully challenged or
invalidated in whole or in part. It is also possible that we may
not obtain issued patents for our pending patent applications or
other inventions we seek to protect. In that regard, we
sometimes permit certain intellectual property to lapse or go
abandoned under appropriate circumstances and due to
uncertainties inherent in prosecuting patent applications,
sometimes patent applications are rejected and we subsequently
abandon them. It is also possible that we may not develop
proprietary products or technologies in the future that are
patentable, or that any patent issued to us may not provide us
with any competitive advantages, or that the patents of others
will harm or altogether preclude our ability to do business.
64
Our registered U.S. trademarks include iRobot, Roomba,
PackBot and Virtual Wall. Our marks, iRobot and Roomba, and
certain other trademarks, have also been registered in selected
foreign countries.
Our means of protecting our proprietary rights may not be
adequate and our competitors may independently develop
technology that is similar to ours. Legal protections afford
only limited protection for our technology. The laws of many
countries do not protect our proprietary rights to as great an
extent as do the laws of the United States. Despite our efforts
to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties have in
the past attempted, and may in the future attempt, to copy
aspects of our products or to obtain and use information that we
regard as proprietary. Third parties may also design around our
proprietary rights, which may render our protected products less
valuable, if the design around is favorably received in the
marketplace. In addition, if any of our products or the
technology underlying our products is covered by third-party
patents or other intellectual property rights, we could be
subject to various legal actions. We cannot assure you that our
products do not infringe patents held by others or that they
will not in the future. We have received in the past
communications from third parties relating to technologies used
in our Roomba floor vacuuming robots that have alleged
infringement of patents or violation of other intellectual
property rights. In response to these communications, we have
contacted these third parties to convey our good faith belief
that we do not infringe the patents in question or otherwise
violate those parties rights. Although there have been no
additional actions or communications with respect to these
allegations, we cannot assure you that we will not receive
further correspondence from these parties, or not be subject to
additional allegations of infringement from others. Litigation
may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, to
protect our trade secrets, to determine the validity and scope
of the proprietary rights of others, or to defend against claims
of infringement or invalidity, misappropriation, or other
claims. Any such litigation could result in substantial costs
and diversion of our resources. Moreover, any settlement of or
adverse judgment resulting from such litigation could require us
to obtain a license to continue to use the technology that is
the subject of the claim, or otherwise restrict or prohibit our
use of the technology. Any required licenses may not be
available to us on acceptable terms, if at all. If we attempt to
design around the technology at issue or to find another
provider of suitable alternative technology to permit us to
continue offering applicable software or product solutions, our
continued supply of software or product solutions could be
disrupted or our introduction of new or enhanced software or
products could be significantly delayed.
Regulations
We are subject to various government regulations, including
various U.S. federal government regulations as a contractor
and subcontractor to the U.S. federal government. Among the
most significant U.S federal government regulations affecting
our business are:
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the Federal Acquisition Regulations and supplemental agency
regulations, which comprehensively regulate the formation and
administration of, and performance under government contracts; |
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the Truth in Negotiations Act, which requires certification and
disclosure of all cost and pricing data in connection with
contract negotiations; |
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the Cost Accounting Standards, which impose accounting
requirements that govern our right to reimbursement under
cost-based government contracts; |
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the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which prohibits
U.S. companies from providing anything of value to a
foreign official to help obtain, retain or direct business, or
obtain any unfair advantages; |
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the False Claims Act and the False Statements Act, which,
respectively, impose penalties for payments made on the basis of
false facts provided to the government, and impose penalties on
the basis of false statements, even if they do not result in a
payment; and |
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laws, regulations and executive orders restricting the use and
dissemination of information classified for national security
purposes and the exportation of certain products and technical
data. |
We also need special security clearances to continue working on
and advancing certain of our projects with the U.S. federal
government. Classified programs generally will require that we
comply with various
65
Executive Orders, federal laws and regulations and customer
security requirements that may include restrictions on how we
develop, store, protect and share information, and may require
our employees to obtain government clearances.
The nature of the work we do for the federal government may also
limit the parties who may invest in or acquire us. Export laws
may keep us from providing potential foreign acquirers with a
review of the technical data they would be acquiring. In
addition, there are special requirements for foreign parties who
wish to buy or acquire control or influence over companies that
control technology or produce goods in the security interests of
the United States. There may need to be a review under the
Exon-Florio provisions of the Defense Production Act. Finally,
the government may require a prospective foreign owner to
establish intermediaries to actually run that part of the
company that does classified work, and establishing a subsidiary
and its separate operation may make such an acquisition less
appealing to such potential acquirers.
In addition, the export from the United States of many of our
products may require the issuance of a license by the
U.S. Department of Commerce under the Export Administration
Act, as amended, and its implementing Regulations as kept in
force by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act of
1977, as amended. Some of our products may require the issuance
of a license by the U.S. Department of State under the Arms
Export Control Act and its implementing Regulations, which
licenses are generally harder to obtain and take longer to
obtain than do Export Administration Act licenses.
Employees
As of July 2, 2005, we had 214 full-time employees
located in the United States and Hong Kong, of whom 113 are in
research and development, 40 are in operations, 26 are in sales
and marketing and 35 are in general and administration. We
believe that we have a good relationship with our employees.
Facilities
Our corporate headquarters are located in Burlington,
Massachusetts, where we lease approximately 58,000 square
feet. This lease expires on December 31, 2008. We also
lease 6,150 square feet of space at an adjacent facility in
Burlington for our prototype work on the R-Gator unmanned ground
vehicle, and we lease smaller facilities in Hong Kong;
San Luis Obispo, California; and Crystal City, Virginia. We
do not own any real property. We believe that our leased
facilities and additional or alternative space available to us
will be adequate to meet our needs for the foreseeable future.
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may be involved in disputes or litigation
relating to claims arising out of our operations. We are not
currently a party to any material legal proceedings.
Government Product Backlog
Our government product backlog consists of written orders or
contracts to purchase our products received from our government
customers. Total backlog of product sales to government
customers as of July 2, 2005 amounted to approximately
$7.8 million, with all orders scheduled for shipment within
six months. We did not maintain detailed backlog data as of the
end of the comparable prior year period primarily because the
volume of orders that we received prior to January 1, 2005
was not sufficient to result in significant backlog. We do not
have long-term contracts with non-government customers, and
purchases from our non-government customers generally occur on
an order-by-order basis, which can be terminated or modified at
any time by these customers. In addition, our funded research
and development contracts may be cancelled or delayed at any
time without significant, if any, penalty. As a result, backlog
with respect to product sales to our non-government customers
and funded research and development is not meaningful. There can
be no assurance that any of our backlog will result in revenue.
66
MANAGEMENT
Executive Officers and Directors
The following table sets forth information regarding our
executive officers and directors, including their ages as of the
date of this prospectus.
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Name |
|
Age | |
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Position |
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| |
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Helen Greiner
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37 |
|
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Chairman of the Board |
Colin Angle
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38 |
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Chief Executive Officer and Director |
Rodney Brooks, Ph.D.
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50 |
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Chief Technology Officer and Director |
Geoffrey P. Clear
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55 |
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Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer |
Joseph W. Dyer
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|
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58 |
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Executive Vice President and General Manager |
Gregory F. White
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41 |
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Executive Vice President and General Manager |
Glen D. Weinstein
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|
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34 |
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Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary |
Gerald C. Kent, Jr.
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|
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40 |
|
|
Vice President and Controller |
Ronald
Chwang(1)
|
|
|
57 |
|
|
Director |
Jacques S.
Gansler(2)
|
|
|
70 |
|
|
Director |
Andrea
Geisser(3)
|
|
|
62 |
|
|
Director |
George
McNamee(1)(2)(3)
|
|
|
58 |
|
|
Director |
Peter
Meekin(1)(2)(3)
|
|
|
56 |
|
|
Director |
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|
(1) |
Member of the compensation committee. |
(2) |
Member of the nominating and corporate governance committee. |
(3) |
Member of the audit committee. |
Helen Greiner, a co-founder of iRobot, was named our
president in June 1997 and as a director since July 1994. Since
February 2004, Ms. Greiner has been the chairman of our
board of directors. Prior to joining iRobot, Ms. Greiner
founded California Cybernetics, a company commercializing Jet
Propulsion Laboratory technology. She has been honored by
Technology Review Magazine as an Innovator for the Next
Century. Ms. Greiner holds a B.S. in Mechanical
Engineering and an M.S. in Computer Science, both from MIT.
Colin Angle, a co-founder of iRobot, has served as our
chief executive officer since June 1997 and, prior to that, as
our president since November 1992. Mr. Angle has also
served as a director since October 1992. Mr. Angle also
worked at the National Aeronautical and Space
Administrations Jet Propulsion Laboratory where he
participated in the design of the behavior-controlled rovers
that led to Sojourner exploring Mars in 1997. Mr. Angle
holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering and an M.S. in Computer
Science, both from MIT.
Rodney Brooks, Ph.D., a co-founder of iRobot, has
held various positions at iRobot since its inception.
Dr. Brooks has served as our chief technology officer since
June 1997, and prior to that has served as our treasurer and our
president. Dr. Brooks has served as a director since our
inception in August 1990, and from inception until February
2004, as the chairman of our board of directors. Dr. Brooks
is the Panasonic Professor of Robotics at MIT. Since July 2003,
Dr. Brooks has been the director of the MIT Computer
Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab. From August 1997 until
June 2003, he was the director of the MIT Artificial
Intelligence Laboratory. Dr. Brooks is a member of the
National Academy of Engineering. Dr. Brooks holds a degree
in pure mathematics from the Flinders University of South
Australia and a Ph.D. in Computer Science from Stanford
University.
Geoffrey P. Clear has served as our chief financial
officer since May 2002. Since February 2005, Mr. Clear has
served as a senior vice president and, since March 2004, he
has also served as our treasurer. Mr. Clear was the site
manager for 3M Touch Systems, a subsidiary of 3M Corporation,
from February 2001 until April 2002. From February 1992 until
January 2001, he was the vice president, finance &
administration
67
and chief financial officer of MicroTouch Systems, Inc.
Mr. Clear holds a B.A. in Economics and an M.B.A., both
from Dartmouth College.
Joseph W. Dyer has served as the executive vice
president and general manager of our government and industrial
robotics division since September 2003. Prior to joining iRobot,
Mr. Dyer served for 32 years in the U.S. Navy.
From July 2000 until July 2003, he served as Vice Admiral
commanding the Naval Air Systems Command at which he was
responsible for research and development, procurement and
in-service support for naval aircraft, weapons and sensors. He
is an elected fellow in the Society of Experimental Test Pilots
and the National Academy of Public Administration. He also
chairs NASAs Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel.
Mr. Dyer holds a B.S. in Chemical Engineering from North
Carolina State University and an M.S. in Finance from the Naval
Postgraduate School, Monterey, California.
Gregory F. White has served as the executive vice
president and general manager of our consumer robotics division
since March 2003. Prior to joining iRobot, Mr. White was an
executive vice president of The Holmes Group, Inc., a
diversified consumer portable electric appliance company, from
1995 until March 2003, and a vice president of The Holmes Group,
Inc. from 1993 to 1995. Mr. White holds a B.A. in English
from Amherst College and an M.B.A. from the Harvard Business
School.
Glen D. Weinstein has served as our general counsel
since July 2000. Since February 2005, Mr. Weinstein has
also served as a senior vice president, and served as a vice
president from February 2002 to January 2005. Since
March 2004, he has also served as our secretary. Prior to
joining iRobot, Mr. Weinstein was with Covington &
Burling, a law firm in Washington, D.C. Mr. Weinstein
holds a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from MIT and a J.D. from
the University of Virginia School of Law.
Gerald C. Kent, Jr. has served as our vice president
and controller since July 2005. Prior to joining iRobot,
Mr. Kent held positions of increasing responsibility,
including chief accounting officer and controller, at ScanSoft,
Inc., a software company, from April 2000 until July 2005. Prior
to that Mr. Kent was an audit manager in the high
technology practice at PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP from November
1998 until April 2000. Mr. Kent holds a B.S. in Business
Administration from Merrimack College. Mr. Kent is also a
CPA.
Ronald Chwang, Ph.D., has served as a director
since November 1998. Dr. Chwang is the chairman and
president of iD Ventures America, LLC (formerly known as
Acer Technology Ventures) under the iD SoftCapital Group, a
venture investment and management consulting service group
formed in January 2005. From August 1998 until December 2004,
Dr. Chwang was the chairman and president of Acer
Technology Ventures, LLC, managing high-tech venture investment
activities in North America. Dr. Chwang serves on the board
of directors of Silicon Storage Technology, Inc. and ATI
Technologies, Inc. Dr. Chwang holds a B.Eng. (with honors)
in Electrical Engineering from McGill University and a Ph.D. in
Electrical Engineering from the University of Southern
California.
Jacques S. Gansler, Ph.D., has served as a
director since July 2004. Dr. Gansler has been a
professor at the University of Maryland, where he leads the
schools Center for Public Policy and Private Enterprise,
since January 2001. From November 1997 until January 2001,
Dr. Gansler served as the Under Secretary of Defense for
Acquisition, Technology and Logistics for the U.S. federal
government. Dr. Gansler holds a B.E. in electrical
engineering from Yale University, an M.S. in Electrical
Engineering from Northeastern University, an M.A. in Political
Economy from New School for Social Research, and a Ph.D. in
economics from American University.
Andrea Geisser has served as a director since March
2004. Mr. Geisser has been a managing director of Fenway
Partners, a private equity firm, since 1995. Prior to founding
Fenway Partners, Mr. Geisser was a managing director of
Butler Capital Corporation. Prior to that, he was a managing
director of Onex Investment Corporation, a Canadian management
buyout company. From 1974 to 1986, he was a senior officer of
Exor America. Mr. Geisser has been a board member and audit
committee member of several private companies. Mr. Geisser
holds a bachelors degree from Bocconi University in Milan,
Italy and a P.M.D. from Harvard Business School.
George McNamee has served as a director since August
1999. Mr. McNamee has served as chairman of First Albany
Companies Inc., a specialty investment banking firm, since 1984,
and is a managing partner of
68
FA Technology Ventures, an information and energy
technology venture capital firm. Mr. McNamee serves as chairman
of the board of directors of Plug Power Inc. and on the board of
directors of the New York Conservation Education Fund.
Mr. McNamee holds a B.A. from Yale University.
Peter Meekin has served as a director since February
2003. Mr. Meekin has been a managing director of Trident
Capital, a venture capital firm, since 1998. Prior to joining
Trident Capital, he was vice president of venture development at
Enterprise Associates, LLC, the venture capital division of IMS
Health. Mr. Meekin holds a B.S. in Mathematics from the
State University of New York at New Paltz.
There are no family relationships among any of our directors or
executive officers.
Board Composition
We currently have eight directors, of whom Colin Angle, Helen
Greiner, Rodney Brooks, Ronald Chwang, Andrea Geisser, George
McNamee and Peter Meekin were elected as directors under the
board composition provisions of a stockholders agreement and our
certificate of incorporation. The board composition provisions
of the stockholders agreement and our certificate of
incorporation will be terminated upon the closing of this
offering. Upon the termination of these provisions, there will
be no further contractual obligations regarding the election of
our directors. Our directors hold office until their successors
have been elected and qualified or until the earlier of their
resignation or removal.
Following the offering, the board of directors will be divided
into three classes with members of each class of directors
serving for staggered three-year terms. The board of directors
will consist of two Class I directors (currently
Mr. Angle and Dr. Chwang), three Class II
directors (currently Ms. Greiner and Messrs. McNamee
and Meekin) and three Class III directors (currently
Dr. Brooks, Mr. Geisser and Dr. Gansler), whose
initial terms will expire at the annual meetings of stockholders
held in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. Our classified board
could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third
party to acquire control of us.
In addition to our independent directors, Colin Angle, Helen
Greiner and Rodney Brooks each serve as a member of our board of
directors.
Board Committees
Our board of directors has established an audit committee, a
compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance
committee, each of which operates pursuant to a separate charter
adopted by our board of directors. The composition and
functioning of all of our committees will comply with all
applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the
NASDAQ National Market and Securities and Exchange Commission
rules and regulations.
Audit Committee. Andrea Geisser, George McNamee and Peter
Meekin currently serve on the audit committee. Mr. Geisser
is the chairman of our audit committee. The audit
committees responsibilities include:
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appointing, approving the compensation of, and assessing the
independence of our independent registered public accounting
firm; |
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pre-approving auditing and permissible non-audit services, and
the terms of such services, to be provided by our independent
registered public accounting firm; |
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reviewing and discussing with management and the independent
registered public accounting firm our annual and quarterly
financial statements and related disclosures; |
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coordinating the oversight and reviewing the adequacy of our
internal control over financial reporting; |
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establishing policies and procedures for the receipt and
retention of accounting related complaints and concerns; and |
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preparing the audit committee report required by Securities and
Exchange Commission rules to be included in our annual proxy
statement. |
Compensation Committee. George McNamee, Peter Meekin and
Ronald Chwang currently serve on the compensation committee.
Mr. McNamee is the chairman of our compensation committee.
The compensation committees responsibilities include:
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annually reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives
relevant to compensation of our chief executive officer; |
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evaluating the performance of our chief executive officer in
light of such corporate goals and objectives and determining the
compensation of our chief executive officer; |
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reviewing and approving the compensation of our other executive
officers; |
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overseeing and administering our compensation, welfare, benefit
and pension plans and similar plans; and |
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reviewing and making recommendations to the board with respect
to director compensation. |
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Jacques S.
Gansler, Peter Meekin and George McNamee currently serve on the
nominating and corporate governance committee. Dr. Gansler
is the chairman of our nominating and corporate governance
committee. The nominating and corporate governance
committees responsibilities include:
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developing and recommending to the board criteria for board and
committee membership; |
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establishing procedures for identifying and evaluating director
candidates including nominees recommended by stockholders; |
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identifying individuals qualified to become board members; |
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recommending to the board the persons to be nominated for
election as directors and to each of the boards committees; |
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developing and recommending to the board a code of business
conduct and ethics and a set of corporate governance
guidelines; and |
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overseeing the evaluation of the board and management. |
Director Compensation
Beginning January 1, 2006, each non-employee member of our
board of directors will be entitled to receive an annual
retainer of $30,000. In addition, each non-employee director
serving on our audit committee, compensation committee and
nominating and corporate governance committee will be entitled
to an annual retainer of $10,000, $7,500 and $5,000,
respectively, and the chair of each such committee will be
entitled to an additional annual retainer of $10,000, $7,500 and
$5,000, respectively. Each non-employee director may elect in
advance to defer the receipt of these cash fees. During the
deferral period, the cash fees will be deemed invested in stock
units. The deferred compensation will be settled in shares of
our common stock upon the termination of service of the director
or such other time as may have been previously elected by the
director. The shares will be issued from our 2005 Stock Option
and Incentive Plan.
Each newly-elected, non-employee director will also be entitled
to a one-time stock option award to purchase 40,000 shares
of common stock upon such directors election to the board,
which will vest in five equal annual installments commencing on
the anniversary date of such grant. In addition, each
non-employee director will receive an annual stock option award
to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock on the date of
each annual meeting of stockholders, which will vest in three
equal annual installments commencing on the anniversary date of
such grant. All such options will be granted at the fair market
value on the date of the award. All of our directors are
reimbursed for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in
attending meetings of the board of directors.
70
In August 2004, we granted Dr. Gansler an option to
purchase 50,000 shares of our common stock as
compensation for his service on our board of directors. This
option has an exercise price of $2.78 per share and vests
over a three-year period. In addition, it is currently
anticipated that immediately prior to the closing of our initial
public offering, each of Messrs. Chwang, Geisser, McNamee and
Meekin will receive a stock option to purchase
40,000 shares of common stock as compensation for their
service on our board of directors. These options will have an
exercise price equal to the initial public offering price and
will vest over a five-year period. We have not otherwise paid
separate compensation for services rendered as a director.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider
Participation
None of our executive officers serves as a member of the board
of directors or compensation committee, or other committee
serving an equivalent function, of any other entity that has one
or more of its executive officers serving as a member of our
board of directors or compensation committee.
Executive Officers
Each of our executive officers has been elected by our board of
directors and serves until his or her successor is duly elected
and qualified.
Executive Compensation
The following summarizes the compensation earned during the year
ended December 31, 2004, by our chief executive officer and
our four other most highly compensated executive officers who
were serving as executive officers on December 31, 2004. We
refer to these individuals as our named executive
officers. The compensation in this table does not include
certain perquisites and other personal benefits received by the
named executive officers that did not exceed 10% of any
officers total compensation reported in this table.
Summary Compensation Table
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Long-Term | |
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Annual Compensation | |
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Compensation | |
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Awards | |
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Restricted | |
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Securities | |
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Stock | |
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Underlying | |
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All Other | |
Name and Principal Position |
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Salary | |
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Bonus | |
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Awards | |
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Options | |
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Compensation(1)(2) | |
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Colin Angle
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$ |
234,520 |
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$ |
151,914 |
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$ |
71,741 |
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$ |
6,150 |
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Chief Executive Officer |
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Helen Greiner
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234,512 |
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135,804 |
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71,741 |
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6,150 |
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Chairman of the Board |
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Geoffrey P. Clear
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240,757 |
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67,237 |
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24,169 |
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6,150 |
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Senior Vice President,
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer |
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Gregory F. White
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260,467 |
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131,705 |
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443,280 |
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6,150 |
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Executive Vice President and General Manager |
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Joseph W. Dyer
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239,701 |
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104,547 |
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41,251 |
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420,000 |
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6,150 |
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Executive Vice President and General Manager |
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(1) |
Excludes medical, group life insurance and certain other
benefits received by the named executive officers that are
available generally to all of our salaried employees and certain
perquisites and other personal benefits received by the named
executive officers which do not exceed the lesser of $50,000 or
10% of any such named executive officers total annual
compensation reported in this table. |
(2) |
Represent 401(k) matching contributions. |
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Option Grants in Last Fiscal Year |
The following table presents all grants of stock options during
the year ended December 31, 2004 to each of the named
executive officers. We have not granted any stock appreciation
rights. The option grants listed below were made under our 1994
Stock Option Plan or 2001 Stock Option Plan at exercise prices
equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the date
of grant, as determined by our board of directors. The potential
realizable value, if applicable, is calculated based on the term
of the option at its time of grant, which is ten years. This
value is net of exercise prices and before taxes, and is based
on an assumed initial public offering price of
$ per
share, the mid-point of the initial public offering price range,
and the assumption that our common stock appreciates at the
annual rate shown, compounded annually, from the date of grant
until its expiration date. These numbers are calculated based on
Securities and Exchange Commission requirements and do not
reflect our projection or estimate of future stock price growth.
Actual gains, if any, on stock option exercises will depend on
the future performance of the common stock and the date on which
the options are exercised.
The percentage of total options granted to employees in 2004
shown in the table below is based on options to purchase an
aggregate of 1,147,375 shares of common stock granted in
2004.
In general, options granted to new employees in 2004 vest over
five years, with 20% vesting on each anniversary of the grant
date.
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Potential | |
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Realizable Value | |
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Individual Grants | |
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at Assumed | |
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Annual Rates of | |
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Appreciation for | |
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Options | |
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2004 | |
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5% | |
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10% | |
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Colin Angle
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Helen Greiner
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Geoffrey P. Clear
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Gregory F. White
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Joseph W. Dyer
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300,000 |
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26.1% |
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$ |
2.33 |
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2/18/14 |
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120,000 |
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10.4% |
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$ |
2.78 |
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9/17/14 |
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Option Exercises in Last Fiscal Year and Fiscal Year-End
Option Values |
The following table sets forth certain information concerning
the number and value of options exercised by the named executive
officers during 2004, if any, and the number and value of any
exercised and unexercised options held by the named executive
officers at December 31, 2004. There was no public market
for our common stock as of December 31, 2004. Accordingly,
the value of unexercised in-the-money options, if applicable,
represents the total gain that would be realized if all
in-the-money options held at December 31, 2004 were
exercised, determined by multiplying the number of shares
underlying the options by the difference between an assumed
initial public offering price of
$ per
share, the mid-point of the initial public offering price range,
and the per share option exercise price.
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Number of Securities | |
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Shares | |
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December 31, 2004 | |
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Acquired | |
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on Exercise | |
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Realized | |
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Unexercisable | |
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Colin Angle
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347,710 |
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Helen Greiner
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Geoffrey P. Clear
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53,440 |
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$ |
119,172 |
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80,160 |
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Gregory F. White
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46,601 |
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$ |
20,971 |
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42,393 |
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210,586 |
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Joseph W. Dyer
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75,000 |
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345,000 |
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Employee Benefit Plans
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Amended and Restated 1994 Stock Plan |
Our Amended and Restated 1994 Stock Plan, or 1994 Stock Plan,
was adopted by our board of directors and approved by our
stockholders in November 1994 and amended and restated in
January 2003, July 2003 and March 2004. Our 1994 Stock Plan is
administered by the compensation committee of our board of
directors. The compensation committee has the full authority and
discretion to interpret the 1994 Stock Plan and to apply its
provisions. Stock options granted under our 1994 Stock Plan have
a maximum term of ten years from the date of grant and
incentive stock options have an exercise price of no less than
the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant.
Options granted under our 1994 Stock Plan are not transferable
other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution.
Our 1994 Stock Plan expired in November 2004 and no further
grants or awards have since been made. Grants and awards that
are outstanding under our 1994 Stock Plan continue to be
governed by the terms of our 1994 Stock Plan and the agreements
related to such grants and awards. As of July 2, 2005,
there were outstanding options under our 1994 Stock Plan to
purchase a total of 2,130,659 shares of our common stock.
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Amended and Restated 2001 Special Stock Option Plan |
Our Amended and Restated 2001 Special Stock Option Plan, or 2001
Option Plan, was adopted by our board of directors and approved
by our stockholders in October 2001 and amended and restated in
July 2003. We have authorized and reserved 642,310 shares
of our common stock for the issuance of awards under our 2001
Option Plan. Under our 2001 Option Plan, we are authorized to
grant restricted stock awards, incentive stock options, within
the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986, as amended, and non-qualified stock options. Grants may be
made to any officer, employee, director or consultant. Incentive
stock options may be granted only to our employees.
Our 2001 Option Plan is administered by the compensation
committee of our board of directors. The compensation committee
has the full authority and discretion to interpret our 2001
Option Plan and to apply its provisions, to select the
individuals to whom awards will be granted, to prescribe the
terms and conditions of each award and to determine the specific
terms and conditions of each award, subject to the provisions of
our 2001 Option Plan. Options granted under the 2001 Option Plan
are not transferable other than by will or the laws of descent
and distribution.
The exercise price of incentive stock options granted under our
2001 Option Plan must not be less than 100% of the fair market
value of our common stock on the date the option is granted. The
term of any stock option granted under our 2001 Option Plan may
not exceed ten years from the date of grant.
Our 2001 Option Plan is subject to termination or amendment by
our board of directors. Our board of directors may not, without
stockholder approval, increase the number of shares under our
2001 Option Plan or materially change the class of persons
eligible to receive incentive stock options under our 2001
Option Plan.
As of July 2, 2005, there were outstanding options to
purchase a total of 146,524 shares of our common stock
under our 2001 Option Plan. Our board of directors has
terminated the 2001 Option Plan, effective upon approval by our
stockholders of our 2005 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, and no
further grants or awards have been made under the 2001 Option
Plan.
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Amended and Restated 2004 Stock Option and Incentive
Plan |
Our Amended and Restated 2004 Stock Option and Incentive Plan,
or 2004 Option Plan, was adopted by our board of directors and
approved by our stockholders in November 2004 and amended and
restated in February 2005. Our 2004 Option Plan permits us to
make grants of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock
options, restricted stock awards and other stock-based awards.
We authorized and reserved 1,189,423 shares of our common
stock for the issuance of awards under our 2004 Option Plan.
The 2004 Option Plan is administered by the compensation
committee of our board of directors. The compensation committee
has the full power and authority to grant and amend awards, to
adopt, amend and
73
repeal rules relating to the 2004 Option Plan and to interpret
and correct the provisions of the 2004 Option Plan and any award
thereunder. All employees, officers, directors, consultants, and
advisors are eligible to participate in the 2004 Option Plan,
subject to the discretion of the compensation committee. The
exercise price of stock options awarded under the 2004 Option
Plan will be determined by the compensation committee at the
time each option is granted. Restricted stock may be granted
under our 2004 Option Plan. Restricted stock awards are shares
of our common stock that vest in accordance with terms and
conditions established by the compensation committee. The
compensation committee will determine the number of shares of
restricted stock granted to any employee.
Unless the compensation committee provides otherwise, our 2004
Option Plan does not allow for the transfer or assignment of
awards and only the recipient of an award may exercise an award
during his or her lifetime. As of July 2, 2005, there were
outstanding options to purchase a total of 677,050 shares
of our common stock under our 2004 Option Plan and, assuming
that no shares are returned to our 1994 Stock Plan and made
available for issuance under our 2004 Option Plan,
512,373 shares of our common stock available for future
issuance or grant under our 2004 Option Plan. Our board of
directors has terminated the 2004 Option Plan, effective upon
approval by our stockholders of the 2005 Stock Option and
Incentive Plan, and no further grants or awards have been made
under the 2004 Option Plan.
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2005 Stock Option and Incentive Plan |
Our 2005 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, or 2005 Option Plan,
was adopted by our board of directors and approved by our
stockholders in September 2005. The 2005 Option Plan permits us
to make grants of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock
options, stock appreciation rights, deferred stock awards and
restricted stock awards. We have initially reserved
1,583,682 shares of our common stock for the issuance of
awards under the 2005 Option Plan. The 2005 Option Plan provides
that the number of shares reserved and available for issuance
under the plan will automatically increase each January 1,
beginning in 2007, by 4.5% of the outstanding number of shares
of common stock on the immediately preceding December 31.
This number is subject to adjustment in the event of a stock
split, stock dividend or other change in our capitalization.
Generally, shares that are forfeited or canceled from awards
under the 2005 Option Plan also will be available for future
awards. In addition, stock options returned to our 1994 Stock
Plan, 2001 Option Plan and 2004 Option Plan, as of result of
their expiration, cancellation or termination, are automatically
made available for issuance under our 2005 Option Plan. No
awards have been granted under the 2005 Option Plan to date.
The 2005 Option Plan is administered by our compensation
committee. The compensation committee has full power and
authority to select the participants to whom awards will be
granted, to make any combination of awards to participants, to
accelerate the exercisability or vesting of any award and to
determine the specific terms and conditions of each award,
subject to the provisions of the 2005 Option Plan. All full-time
and part-time officers, employees, directors and other key
persons (including consultants and prospective employees) are
eligible to participate in the 2005 Option Plan.
The exercise price of stock options awarded under the 2005
Option Plan may not be less than the fair market value of the
common stock on the date of the option grant and it is expected
that the term of each option granted under the 2005 Option Plan
will not exceed seven years from the date of grant. The
compensation committee will determine at what time or times each
option may be exercised (provided that in no event may it exceed
ten years from the date of grant) and, subject to the provisions
of the 2005 Option Plan, the period of time, if any, after
retirement, death, disability or other termination of employment
during which options may be exercised.
Stock appreciation rights may be granted under our 2005 Option
Plan. Stock appreciation rights allow the recipient to receive
the appreciation in the fair market value of our common stock
between the exercise date and the date of grant. The
compensation committee determines the terms of stock
appreciation rights, including when such rights become
exercisable and whether to pay the increased appreciation in
cash or with shares of our common stock, or a combination
thereof.
Restricted stock and deferred stock awards may also be granted
under our 2005 Option Plan. Restricted stock awards are shares
of our common stock that vest in accordance with terms and
conditions established by
74
the compensation committee. The compensation committee may
impose whatever conditions to vesting it determines to be
appropriate. Shares of restricted stock that do not vest are
subject to our right of repurchase or forfeiture. Deferred stock
awards are units entitling the recipient to receive shares of
stock paid out on a deferred basis, and subject to such
restrictions and conditions, as the compensation committee shall
determine. The compensation committee will determine the number
of shares of restricted stock or deferred stock awards granted
to any employee. Our 2005 Option Plan also gives the
compensation committee discretion to grant stock awards free of
any restrictions.
Unless the compensation committee provides otherwise, our 2005
Option Plan does not generally allow for the transfer of awards
and only the recipient of an award may exercise an award during
his or her lifetime. In the event of a change-in-control of
iRobot, our board of directors and the board of directors of the
surviving or acquiring entity shall, as to outstanding awards
under the 2005 Option Plan, make appropriate provision for the
continuation or assumption of such awards.
No awards may be granted under the 2005 Option Plan after
September 2015. In addition, our board of directors may amend or
discontinue the 2005 Option Plan at any time and the
compensation committee may amend or cancel any outstanding award
for the purpose of satisfying changes in law or for any other
lawful purpose. No such amendment may adversely affect the
rights under any outstanding award without the holders
consent. Other than in the event of a necessary adjustment in
connection with a change in our stock or a merger or similar
transaction, the compensation committee may not
reprice or otherwise reduce the exercise price of
outstanding stock options.
We maintain a tax-qualified retirement plan that provides all
regular employees with an opportunity to save for retirement on
a tax-advantaged basis. Under the 401(k) plan, participants may
elect to defer a portion of their compensation on a pre-tax
basis and have it contributed to the plan subject to applicable
annual Internal Revenue Code limits. Pre-tax contributions are
allocated to each participants individual account and are
then invested in selected investment alternatives according to
the participants directions. Employee elective deferrals
are 100% vested at all times. The 401(k) plan allows for
matching contributions to be made by us. As a tax-qualified
retirement plan, contributions to the 401(k) plan and earnings
on those contributions are not taxable to the employees until
distributed from the 401(k) plan and all contributions are
deductible by us when made.
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Employment, Severance and Change in Control Arrangements |
We have employment agreements with Colin Angle, Helen Greiner,
Geoffrey P. Clear, Joseph W. Dyer and Gregory F. White, which
provide for certain severance compensation. In the event that
any of these employees is terminated other than for cause or
other agreed-upon reasons, we will be obligated to pay severance
until the later of six months from termination (twelve months in
the case of Mr. Dyer) and the expiration of the
noncompetition period set forth in the respective agreement.
We also entered into an independent contractor agreement with
Dr. Rodney Brooks in 2002. If we terminate this agreement,
Dr. Brooks will be entitled to twelve months severance and,
if we terminate this agreement during 2005, an additional bonus
payment equal to $66,600, provided that Dr. Brooks complies
with certain obligations under this agreement.
Limitation of Liability and Indemnification
As permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, we have
adopted provisions in our certificate of incorporation and
by-laws to be in effect at the closing of this offering that
limit or eliminate the personal
75
liability of our directors. Consequently, a director will not be
personally liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages
or breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability
for:
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any breach of the directors duty of loyalty to us or our
stockholders; |
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any act or omission not in good faith or that involves
intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law; |
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any unlawful payments related to dividends or unlawful stock
repurchases, redemptions or other distributions; or |
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any transaction from which the director derived an improper
personal benefit. |
These limitations of liability do not alter director liability
under the federal securities laws and do not affect the
availability of equitable remedies such as an injunction or
rescission.
In addition, our by-laws provide that:
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we will indemnify our directors, officers and, in the discretion
of our board of directors, certain employees to the fullest
extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law; and |
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we will advance expenses, including attorneys fees, to our
directors and, in the discretion of our board of directors, to
our officers and certain employees, in connection with legal
proceedings, subject to limited exceptions. |
Prior to the completion of this offering, we intend to enter
into indemnification agreements with each of our executive
officers and directors. These agreements provide that we will
indemnify each of our directors to the fullest extent permitted
by law and advance expenses to each indemnitee in connection
with any proceeding in which indemnification is available.
We also maintain general liability insurance that covers certain
liabilities of our directors and officers arising out of claims
based on acts or omissions in their capacities as directors or
officers, including liabilities under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities
arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors,
officers, or persons controlling the registrant pursuant to the
foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion
of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification
is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and
is therefore unenforceable.
These provisions may discourage stockholders from bringing a
lawsuit against our directors for breach of their fiduciary
duty. These provisions may also have the effect of reducing the
likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and
officers, even though such an action, if successful, might
otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. Furthermore, a
stockholders investment may be adversely affected to the
extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against
directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification
provisions. We believe that these provisions, the
indemnification agreements and the insurance are necessary to
attract and retain talented and experienced directors and
officers.
At present, there is no pending litigation or proceeding
involving any of our directors or officers where indemnification
will be required or permitted. We are not aware of any
threatened litigation or proceeding that might result in a claim
for such indemnification.
76
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Other than compensation agreements and other arrangements which
are described as required in Management and the
transactions described below, since January 1, 2002, there
has not been, and there is not currently proposed, any
transaction or series of similar transactions to which we were
or will be a party in which the amount involved exceeded or will
exceed $60,000 and in which any director, executive officer,
holder of five percent or more of any class of our capital stock
or any member of their immediate family had or will have a
direct or indirect material interest.
All of the transactions set forth below were approved by a
majority of the board of directors, including a majority of the
independent and disinterested members of the board of directors.
We believe that we have executed all of the transactions set
forth below on terms no less favorable to us than we could have
obtained from unaffiliated third parties. It is our intention to
ensure that all future transactions between us and our officers,
directors and principal stockholders and their affiliates, are
approved by a majority of the board of directors, including a
majority of the independent and disinterested members of the
board of directors, and are on terms no less favorable to us
than those that we could obtain from unaffiliated third parties.
Private Placements of Securities
In November 1998, we issued and sold an aggregate of
1,336,370 shares of Series A convertible preferred
stock at a price of $1.16 per share. In August 1999, we
issued and sold an aggregate of 668,185 shares of
Series B convertible preferred stock at a price of
$1.4966 per share. In February 2000, we issued and sold an
aggregate of 1,470,000 shares of Series C convertible
preferred stock at a price of $3.7415 per share. In August
2001, we issued and sold an aggregate of 1,721,196 shares
of Series D convertible preferred stock, and in September
2001, we issued and sold an aggregate of 149,712 shares of
Series D convertible preferred stock, in each case, at a
price of $3.7415 per share. In February 2003, we issued and
sold an aggregate of 1,287,554 shares of Series E
convertible preferred stock, in March 2003, we issued and sold
an aggregate of 637,700 shares of Series E convertible
preferred stock, and in May 2003, we issued and sold an
aggregate of 874,099 shares of Series E convertible
preferred stock, in each case, at a price of $4.66 per
share. In November 2004, we issued and sold an aggregate of
1,412,430 shares of Series F convertible preferred
stock at a price of $7.08 per share. Each share of
Series A convertible preferred stock, the Series B
convertible preferred stock, the Series C convertible
preferred stock, the Series D convertible preferred stock,
the Series E convertible preferred stock, and the
Series F convertible preferred stock will convert into one
share of common stock upon the closing of this offering.
The following table summarizes, on a common stock equivalents
basis, the participation by our five percent stockholders
and stockholders associated with some of our directors in these
private placements.
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Total Common | |
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Aggregate | |
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Purchaser(1) |
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Stock Equivalents | |
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Consideration Paid | |
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Investment Participation | |
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Stockholders Associated with Directors
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Trident
Capital(2)
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2,194,680 |
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$ |
10,604,858 |
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Series E and F |
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Acer Technology
Ventures(3)
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2,603,699 |
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7,209,635 |
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Series A, C, D, E and F |
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First Albany
Entities(4)
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1,418,165 |
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4,241,126 |
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Series B, C, D, E and F |
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Fenway
Partners(5)
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1,339,920 |
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5,464,717 |
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Series D, E and F |
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(1) |
See Principal Stockholders for more detail on shares
held by these purchasers. |
(2) |
Trident Capital includes Trident Capital Fund-V, L.P., Trident
Capital Fund-V Affiliates Fund, L.P., Trident Capital Fund-V
Affiliates Fund (Q), L.P., Trident Capital Fund-V Principals
Fund, L.P. and Trident Capital Parallel Fund-V, C.V.
Consideration paid to us by Trident Capital for our convertible
preferred stock in 2003 and 2004 was $9,500,002 and $1,104,855,
respectively. Mr. Meekin, who is one of our directors, is a
Managing Director of Trident Capital Management-V, L.L.C., the
sole general partner of Trident Capital Fund-V, L.P., Trident
Capital Fund-V Affiliates Fund, L.P., Trident Capital Fund-V
Affiliates Fund (Q), L.P., and Trident Capital Fund-V Principals
Fund, L.P. and the sole investment general partner of Trident
Capital Parallel Fund-V, C.V. |
(3) |
Acer Technology Ventures includes Acer Technology Venture
Fund L.P., IP Fund One, L.P. and iD6 Fund, L.P.
Consideration paid to us by Acer Technology Ventures for our
convertible preferred stock in 1998, 2000, 2001, 2003 and 2004
was $1,550,189, $1,500,001, $1,107,390, $1,900,003 and
$1,152,051, respectively. Dr. Chwang, who is one of our
directors, is a General Partner of the management company for
each of Acer Technology Venture Fund L.P., IP
Fund One, L.P. and iD6 Fund, L.P. |
77
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(4) |
First Albany Entities includes First Albany Companies Inc.,
First Albany Private Fund 1999, LLC, First Albany Private
Fund 2003, LLC, FA Technology Ventures, L.P., and First
Albany Private Fund 2004, LLC. Consideration paid to us by
First Albany Entities for our convertible preferred stock in
1999, 2000, 2001, 2003 and 2004 was $1,000,006, $1,574,999,
$568,861, $300,001 and $797,258, respectively. Mr. McNamee,
who is our one our directors, is the Chairman of First Albany
Companies Inc. |
(5) |
Fenway Partners includes FPIP Trust, LLC, FPIP, LLC and Fenway
Partners Capital Fund II, L.P. Mr. Geisser, who is one
of our directors, is a Managing Director of Fenway Partners,
Inc., the Managing Member of FPIP Trust, LLC and FPIP, LLC.
Consideration paid to us by Fenway Partners for our convertible
preferred stock in 2001, 2003 and 2004 was $4,000,000, $871,844
and $592,872, respectively. Mr. Geisser is also a Managing
Director of Fenway Partners II, LLC, the sole General
Partner of Fenway Partners Capital Fund II, L.P. |
In connection with the above transactions, we entered into
agreements with all of the investors participating therein
providing for registration rights with respect to the shares
sold in these transactions. The most recent such agreement
restates the registration rights of the above investors and the
other parties thereto. For more information regarding this
agreement, see Description of Capital
StockRegistration Rights. In addition, in connection
with the above transaction, we also entered into agreements with
all of the investors participating therein providing us and the
non-founder investors with certain rights of first refusal and
co-sale rights in the event the founders seek to sell their
shares of our common stock. These rights shall terminate
immediately prior to the completion of this offering.
Transactions with our Executive Officers and Directors
In November 2004, we entered into a registration rights
agreement with certain of our stockholders, including three of
our executive officers and directors, Colin Angle, Helen Greiner
and Rodney Brooks, pursuant to which we granted such
stockholders certain registration rights with respect to shares
of our common stock held by them. For more information regarding
this agreement, see Description of Capital
StockRegistration Rights.
We have employment agreements with Colin Angle, Helen Greiner,
Geoffrey P. Clear, Joseph W. Dyer and Gregory F. White and an
independent contractor agreement with Dr. Rodney Brooks,
which provide for certain salary, bonus, stock option and
severance compensation. For more information regarding these
agreements, see ManagementEmployment, Severance and
Change in Control Arrangements.
From time to time, our executive officers enter into stock
restriction agreements upon the exercise of their option grants.
Prior to the completion of this offering, we intend to enter
into indemnification agreements with each of our executive
officers and directors, providing for indemnification against
expenses and liabilities reasonably incurred in connection with
their service for us on our behalf. For more information
regarding these agreements, see ManagementLimitation
of Liability and Indemnification.
We obtain certain consulting services related to our product
development and design efforts from Dr. Amanda Gruber, the
spouse of our chief executive officer, Colin Angle. In
connection with these consulting services, we paid $62,697 in
2002. In addition, we employ Timothy E. Angle, one of
Mr. Angles siblings, as a web designer and media
specialist.
George McNamee, a member of our board of directors, is the
Chairman of First Albany Companies Inc. First Albany Capital
Inc., one of the underwriters, is a wholly-owned subsidiary of
First Albany Companies Inc.
Stock Option Awards
For information regarding stock options and stock awards granted
to our named executive officers and directors, see
ManagementDirector Compensation and
ManagementExecutive Compensation.
78
PRINCIPAL AND SELLING STOCKHOLDERS
The following table sets forth the beneficial ownership
information of our common stock at July 2, 2005, and as
adjusted to reflect the sale of the shares of common stock in
this offering, for:
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each person known to us to be the beneficial owner of more than
5% of our common stock; |
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each named executive officer; |
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each of our directors; |
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all of our executive officers and directors as a group; and |
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each selling stockholder. |
Unless otherwise noted below, the address of the persons and
entities listed on the table is c/o iRobot Corporation, 63
South Avenue, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803. We have
determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of
the SEC. Except as indicated by the footnotes below, we believe,
based on the information furnished to us, that the persons and
entities named in the table below have sole voting and
investment power with respect to all shares of common stock
reflected as beneficially owned, subject to applicable community
property laws. We have based our calculation of the percentage
of beneficial ownership on 19,894,820 shares of common
stock outstanding on July 2, 2005, assuming the conversion
of all of the outstanding convertible preferred stock,
and shares
of common stock outstanding upon completion of this offering.
In computing the number of shares of common stock beneficially
owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person,
we deemed outstanding shares of common stock subject to options
or warrants held by that person that are currently exercisable
or exercisable within 60 days of July 2, 2005. We did
not deem these shares outstanding, however, for the purpose of
computing the percentage ownership of any other person.
Beneficial ownership representing less than 1% is denoted with
an asterisk (*).
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Shares Beneficially | |
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Shares Beneficially | |
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Owned Prior | |
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Owned After the | |
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to the Offering | |
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Offering | |
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Shares | |
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Beneficial Owner |
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Number | |
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Percent | |
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Offered | |
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Number | |
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Percent | |
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5% Stockholders:
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Acer Technology
Ventures(1)
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2,603,699 |
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13.1% |
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5201 Great America Parkway
Suite 270
Santa Clara, CA 95054 |
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Trident
Capital(2)
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2,194,680 |
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11.0% |
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325 Riverside Avenue
Westport, CT 06880 |
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Grinnell
More(3)
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1,455,954 |
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7.3% |
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First Albany
Entities(4)
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1,418,165 |
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7.1% |
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677 Broadway
Albany, NY 12207 |
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Fenway
Partners(5)
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1,339,920 |
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6.7% |
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152 West 57th Street
59th Floor
New York, NY 10019 |
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Directors and Named Executive Officers:
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Helen Greiner
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1,699,619 |
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8.5% |
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Colin
Angle(6)
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2,252,424 |
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11.1% |
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Rodney
Brooks, Ph.D.(7)
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2,389,695 |
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12.0% |
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Geoffrey P.
Clear(8)
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132,285 |
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* |
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Joseph W.
Dyer(9)
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89,892 |
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* |
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79
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|
|
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|
|
|
Shares Beneficially | |
|
|
|
Shares Beneficially | |
|
|
Owned Prior | |
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|
|
Owned After the | |
|
|
to the Offering | |
|
|
|
Offering | |
|
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| |
|
Shares | |
|
| |
Beneficial Owner |
|
Number | |
|
Percent | |
|
Offered | |
|
Number | |
|
Percent | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Gregory F.
White(10)
|
|
|
457,412 |
|
|
|
2.3% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ronald
Chwang(1)
|
|
|
2,603,699 |
|
|
|
13.1% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jacques S.
Gansler(11)
|
|
|
16,667 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Andrea
Geisser(5)
|
|
|
1,339,920 |
|
|
|
6.7% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
George
McNamee(12)
|
|
|
180,901 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peter
Meekin(2)
|
|
|
2,194,680 |
|
|
|
11.0% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Executive officers and directors as a group
(13 persons)(13)
|
|
|
13,421,596 |
|
|
|
65.8% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Selling Stockholders:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Consists of 1,737,279 shares held by Acer Technology
Venture Fund L.P., 818,420 shares held by IP
Fund One, L.P. and 48,000 shares held by iD6 Fund,
L.P. Dr. Chwang is a General Partner of the management
company for each of Acer Technology Venture Fund L.P., IP
Fund One, L.P. and iD6 Fund, L.P., and may be deemed to
share voting and investment power with respect to all shares
held by those entities. Dr. Chwang disclaims beneficial
ownership of such shares except to the extent of his pecuniary
interest, if any. |
(2) |
Consists of 1,966,075 shares held by Trident Capital
Fund-V, L.P., 11,427 shares held by Trident Capital Fund-V
Affiliates Fund, L.P., 10,904 shares held by Trident
Capital Fund-V Affiliates Fund (Q), L.P., 56,905 shared
held by Trident Capital Fund-V Principals Fund, L.P. and
149,369 shares held by Trident Capital Parallel Fund-V,
C.V. Mr. Meekin is one of six Managing Directors of Trident
Capital Management-V, L.L.C., the sole general partner of
Trident Capital Fund-V, L.P., Trident Capital Fund-V Affiliates
Fund, L.P., Trident Capital Fund-V Affiliates Fund (Q), L.P.,
and Trident Capital Fund-V Principals Fund, L.P. and the sole
investment general partner of Trident Capital Parallel Fund-V,
C.V., and may be deemed to share voting and investment power
with respect to all shares held by those entities.
Mr. Meekin disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares
except to the extent of his pecuniary interest, if any. |
(3) |
Includes 1,029,738 shares held by Real World Interface,
Inc. Trust. Mr. More is a trustee of the Real World
Interface, Inc. Trust and may be deemed to share voting and
investment power with respect to such shares. Mr. More
disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares except to the
extent of his pecuniary interest, if any. |
(4) |
Consists of 1,218,336 shares held by First Albany Companies
Inc., 22,844 shares held by First Albany Private
Fund 1999, LLC, 64,378 shares held by First Albany
Private Fund 2003, LLC, 94,658 shares held by FA
Technology Ventures, L.P. and 17,949 shares held by First
Albany Private Fund 2004, LLC. Through a Special Committee
of its Board of Directors, consisting of Alan Goldberg and
Walter Fiederowicz, First Albany Companies Inc. exercises sole
voting and investment power with respect to all shares held by
First Albany Companies Inc., First Albany Private
Fund 1999, LLC, First Albany Private Fund 2003, LLC
and First Albany Private Fund 2004, LLC. |
(5) |
Consists of 5,053 shares held by FPIP Trust, LLC,
3,665 shares held by FPIP, LLC and 1,331,202 shares
held by Fenway Partners Capital Fund II, L.P.
Mr. Geisser is a Managing Director of Fenway Partners,
Inc., the Managing Member of FPIP Trust, LLC and FPIP, LLC.
Mr. Geisser is also a Managing Director of Fenway
Partners II, LLC, the sole General Partner of Fenway
Partners Capital Fund II, L.P., and may be deemed to share
voting and investment power with respect to all shares held by
those entities. Mr. Geisser disclaims beneficial ownership
of such shares except to the extent of his pecuniary interest,
if any. |
(6) |
Includes 347,710 shares issuable to Mr. Angle upon
exercise of stock options. Also includes 200,000 shares
held in a trust for the benefit of certain of his family members. |
(7) |
Includes 252,000 shares held in a trust for the benefit of
certain of his family members. Also includes 204,090 shares
held by Robotic Ventures Fund I, L.P., of which
Dr. Brooks is a General Partner. Dr. Brooks disclaims
beneficial ownership of such shares except to the extent of his
pecuniary interest, if any. |
(8) |
Includes 26,720 shares issuable to Mr. Clear upon
exercise of stock options. |
(9) |
Includes 49,249 shares issuable to Mr. Dyer upon
exercise of stock options. |
|
|
(10) |
Includes 8,505 shares issuable to Mr. White upon
exercise of stock options. |
(11) |
Consists of shares issuable to Dr. Gansler upon exercise of
stock options. |
(12) |
Includes 94,658 shares held by FA Technology Ventures, L.P.
and 3,495 shares held by FA Technology Managers, LLC.
Mr. McNamee is a Partner of the General Partner of FA
Technology Ventures, L.P. and may be deemed to share voting and
investment power with respect to all shares held thereby.
Mr. McNamee is a Manager of FA Technology Managers, LLC and
may be deemed to share voting and investment power with respect
to all shares held thereby. Mr. McNamee disclaims
beneficial ownership of the shares held by FA Technology
Ventures, L.P. and FA Technology Managers, LLC except to the
extent of his pecuniary interest, if any. |
(13) |
Includes an aggregate of 496,851 shares issuable upon
exercise of stock options held by seven executive officers and
directors. |
80
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
General
Upon completion of this offering, our authorized capital stock
will consist of 100,000,000 shares of common stock, par
value $0.01 per share, and 5,000,000 shares of
undesignated preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share.
The following description of our capital stock is intended as a
summary only and is qualified in its entirety by reference to
our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation and
amended and restated by-laws to be in effect at the closing of
this offering, which are filed as exhibits to the registration
statement, of which this prospectus forms a part, and to the
applicable provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law.
We refer in this section to our second amended and restated
certificate of incorporation as our certificate of
incorporation, and we refer to our amended and restated by-laws
as our by-laws.
Common Stock
As of July 2, 2005, there were 19,894,820 shares of
our common stock outstanding and held of record by approximately
142 stockholders, assuming conversion of all outstanding shares
of preferred stock.
Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each
share of common stock held of record for the election of
directors and on all matters submitted to a vote of
stockholders. Holders of our common stock are entitled to
receive dividends ratably, if any, as may be declared by our
board of directors out of legally available funds, subject to
any preferential dividend rights of any preferred stock then
outstanding. Upon our dissolution, liquidation or winding up,
holders of our common stock are entitled to share ratably in our
net assets legally available after the payment of all our debts
and other liabilities, subject to the preferential rights of any
preferred stock then outstanding. Holders of our common stock
have no preemptive, subscription, redemption or conversion
rights. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of
common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by,
the rights of the holders of shares of any series of preferred
stock that we may designate and issue in the future. Except as
described below in Provisions of our Certificate of
Incorporation and By-Laws and Delaware Anti-Takeover Law,
a majority vote of common stockholders is generally required to
take action under our certificate of incorporation and by-laws.
Preferred Stock
Upon completion of this offering, our board of directors will be
authorized, without action by the stockholders, to designate and
issue up to an aggregate of 5,000,000 shares of preferred
stock in one or more series. The board of directors can fix the
rights, preferences and privileges of the shares of each series
and any of its qualifications, limitations or restrictions. Our
board of directors may authorize the issuance of preferred stock
with voting or conversion rights that could adversely affect the
voting power or other rights of the holders of common stock. The
issuance of preferred stock, while providing flexibility in
connection with possible future financings and acquisitions and
other corporate purposes could, under certain circumstances,
have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in
control of our company and might harm the market price of our
common stock.
Our board of directors will make any determination to issue such
shares based on its judgment as to our companys best
interests and the best interests of our stockholders. We have no
current plans to issue any shares of preferred stock.
Warrants
As of July 2, 2005, one warrant to purchase a total of
18,000 shares of our common stock was outstanding with an
approximate exercise price of $3.74 per share. This warrant
expires on January 29, 2010.
Registration Rights
We entered into a registration rights agreement, dated as of
November 10, 2004, with the holders of shares of our common
stock issuable upon conversion of the shares of preferred stock
and other stockholders, including certain members of our
management. Under this agreement, holders of shares having
registration
81
rights can demand that we file a registration statement or
request that their shares be covered by a registration statement
that we are otherwise filing. All of these registration rights
are subject to conditions and limitations, including the right
of the underwriters of an offering to limit the number of shares
included in such registration and our right not to effect a
requested registration within six months following any offering
of our securities, including this offering.
Demand Registration Rights. The holders of
9,175,829 shares of common stock, subject to exceptions,
are entitled to certain demand registration rights, upon the
request of holders of a certain percentage of such shares,
pursuant to which they may require us to file a registration
statement under the Securities Act at our expense with respect
to their shares of common stock. We are required to use our best
efforts to effect any such registration.
Piggyback Registration Rights. If we propose to register
any of our securities under the Securities Act for our own
account or the account of any other holder, the holders of
approximately 16,056,675 shares of common stock are
entitled to notice of such registration and are entitled to
include shares of their common stock therein.
S-3 Registration Rights. The holders of approximately
9,677,521 shares of common stock are entitled to demand
registration rights pursuant to which they may require us to
file a registration statement under the Securities Act on
Form S-3 with respect to their shares of common stock, and
we are required to use our best efforts to effect that
registration.
We will pay all registration expenses, other than underwriting
discounts and commissions, related to any demand or piggyback
registration. The registration rights agreement contains
customary cross-indemnification provisions, pursuant to which we
are obligated to indemnify the selling stockholders in the event
of material misstatements or omissions in the registration
statement attributable to us, and they are obligated to
indemnify us for material misstatements or omissions
attributable to them.
Provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws
and Delaware Anti-Takeover Law
Our certificate of incorporation and by-laws will, upon
completion of this offering, include a number of provisions that
may have the effect of encouraging persons considering
unsolicited tender offers or other unilateral takeover proposals
to negotiate with our board of directors rather than pursue
non-negotiated takeover attempts. These provisions include the
items described below.
Board Composition and Filling Vacancies. In accordance
with our certificate of incorporation, our board is divided into
three classes serving staggered three-year terms, with one class
being elected each year. Our certificate of incorporation also
provides that directors may be removed only for cause and then
only by the affirmative vote of the holders of 75% or more of
the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors.
Furthermore, any vacancy on our board of directors, however
occurring, including a vacancy resulting from an increase in the
size of our board, may only be filled by the affirmative vote of
a majority of our directors then in office even if less than a
quorum.
No Written Consent of Stockholders. Our certificate of
incorporation provides that all stockholder actions are required
to be taken by a vote of the stockholders at an annual or
special meeting, and that stockholders may not take any action
by written consent in lieu of a meeting.
Meetings of Stockholders. Our by-laws provide that only a
majority of the members of our board of directors then in office
may call special meetings of stockholders and only those matters
set forth in the notice of the special meeting may be considered
or acted upon at a special meeting of stockholders. Our by-laws
limit the business that may be conducted at an annual meeting of
stockholders to those matters properly brought before the
meeting.
Advance Notice Requirements. Our by-laws establish
advance notice procedures with regard to stockholder proposals
relating to the nomination of candidates for election as
directors or new business to be brought before meetings of our
stockholders. These procedures provide that notice of
stockholder proposals must be timely given in writing to our
corporate secretary prior to the meeting at which the action is
to be
82
taken. Generally, to be timely, notice must be received at our
principal executive offices not less than 90 days nor more
than 120 days prior to the first anniversary date of the
annual meeting for the preceding year. The notice must contain
certain information specified in the by-laws.
Amendment to By-Laws and Certificate of Incorporation. As
required by the Delaware General Corporation Law, any amendment
of our certificate of incorporation must first be approved by a
majority of our board of directors and, if required by law or
our certificate of incorporation, thereafter be approved by a
majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote on the
amendment, and a majority of the outstanding shares of each
class entitled to vote thereon as a class, except that the
amendment of the provisions relating to stockholder action,
directors, limitation of liability and the amendment of our
by-laws and certificate of incorporation must be approved by not
less than 75% of the outstanding shares entitled to vote on the
amendment, and not less than 75% of the outstanding shares of
each class entitled to vote thereon as a class. Our by-laws may
be amended by the affirmative vote of a majority vote of the
directors then in office, subject to any limitations set forth
in the by-laws; and may also be amended by the affirmative vote
of at least 75% of the outstanding shares entitled to vote on
the amendment, or, if the board of directors recommends that the
stockholders approve the amendment, by the affirmative vote of
the majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote on the
amendment, in each case voting together as a single class.
Blank Check Preferred Stock. Our certificate of
incorporation provides for 5,000,000 authorized shares of
preferred stock. The existence of authorized but unissued shares
of preferred stock may enable our board of directors to render
more difficult or to discourage an attempt to obtain control of
us by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or
otherwise. For example, if in the due exercise of its fiduciary
obligations, our board of directors were to determine that a
takeover proposal is not in the best interests of us or our
stockholders, our board of directors could cause shares of
preferred stock to be issued without stockholder approval in one
or more private offerings or other transactions that might
dilute the voting or other rights of the proposed acquirer or
insurgent stockholder or stockholder group. In this regard, our
certificate of incorporation grants our board of directors broad
power to establish the rights and preferences of authorized and
unissued shares of preferred stock. The issuance of shares of
preferred stock could decrease the amount of earnings and assets
available for distribution to holders of shares of common stock.
The issuance may also adversely affect the rights and powers,
including voting rights, of these holders and may have the
effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change in control
of us.
Shareholder Rights Agreement
We are adopting a shareholder rights agreement, to be effective
upon completion of this offering, to help ensure that our
shareholders receive fair and equal treatment in the event of
any proposed acquisition of iRobot. The rights agreement may
delay, defer or prevent a change of control and, therefore,
could adversely affect our shareholders ability to realize
a premium over the then-prevailing market price for our common
stock in connection with such a transaction.
In connection with the adoption of the rights agreement, our
board of directors will declare a dividend distribution of one
preferred stock purchase right for each outstanding share of
common stock to shareholders of record as of a specified date
(the rights agreement record date) following the record date for
the distribution. Each right will entitle its registered holder
to purchase from us a unit consisting of one ten-thousandth of a
share of our series A-1 junior participating cumulative
preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, at an exercise price
per unit of
$ ,
subject to adjustment.
The rights initially will not be exercisable and will be
attached to and will trade with all shares of common stock
outstanding as of, and issued subsequent to, the rights
agreement record date. The rights will separate from the common
stock and will become exercisable upon the earlier of the
following distribution events:
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|
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|
the close of business of the tenth calendar day following the
first public announcement that a person or group of affiliated
or associated persons, referred to as an acquiring
person, has acquired beneficial ownership of 15% or more
of the outstanding shares of common stocks; or |
83
|
|
|
|
|
the close of business on the tenth business day (or such later
calendar day as our board of directors may determine) following
the commencement of a tender offer or exchange offer by any
person or group (other than certain exempt persons) that could
result upon its completion in such person or group becoming the
beneficial owner of 15% or more of the outstanding shares of
common stock. |
If a person becomes an acquiring person, the shareholder rights
agreement provides that as of the close of business ten calendar
days after the first public announcement of that event, each
holder of a right will be entitled to receive, upon payment of
the exercise price, shares of preferred stock of our company
having a market value of twice the exercise price of the right.
If we are acquired in a merger or similar transaction, the
shareholder rights agreement provides that as of the close of
business ten calendar days following the first public
announcement of that event, each holder of a right will be
entitled to receive, upon payment of the exercise price, shares
of common stock of the acquiring company having a market value
of twice the exercise price of the right.
In the event that our board of directors approves a transaction
that it has determined is in the best interest of our
shareholders but that otherwise would cause a distribution event
under the rights agreement, the board may, in connection with
such approval, redeem the rights for a nominal price. Once the
rights are redeemed, the transaction can proceed without causing
a distribution event. The rights agreement could make it more
difficult for a third party to acquire, and could discourage a
third party from acquiring or seeking to acquire, iRobot or a
large block of our common stock.
Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporate Law
Upon completion of this offering, we will be subject to the
provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General
Corporation Law. In general, Section 203 prohibits a
publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a
business combination with an interested
stockholder for a three-year period following the time
that this stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, unless
the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. A
business combination includes, among other things, a
merger, asset or stock sale or other transaction resulting in a
financial benefit to the interested stockholder. An
interested stockholder is a person who, together
with affiliates and associates, owns, or did own within three
years prior to the determination of interested stockholder
status, 15% or more of the corporations voting stock.
Under Section 203, a business combination between a
corporation and an interested stockholder is prohibited unless
it satisfies one of the following conditions:
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before the stockholder became interested, the board of directors
approved either the business combination or the transaction
which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested
stockholder; |
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|
upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the
stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested
stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the
corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced,
excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock
outstanding, shares owned by persons who are directors and also
officers, and employee stock plans, in some instances; or |
|
|
|
at or after the time the stockholder became interested, the
business combination was approved by the board of directors of
the corporation and authorized at an annual or special meeting
of the stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least
two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by
the interested stockholder. |
NASDAQ National Market Listing
We have applied to the NASDAQ National Market for the quotation
of our common stock under the trading symbol IRBT.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
Upon completion of this offering, the transfer agent and
registrar for our common stock will be Computershare Trust
Company, Inc.
84
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Immediately prior to this offering, there was no public market
for our common stock. Future sales of substantial amounts of
common stock in the public market, or the perception that such
sales may occur, could adversely affect the market price of our
common stock. Although we have applied to have our common stock
approved for quotation on the NASDAQ National Market, we cannot
assure you that there will be an active public market for our
common stock.
Upon completion of this offering, we will have outstanding an
aggregate
of shares
of common stock, assuming the issuance
of shares
of common stock offered hereby and no exercise of options after
July 2, 2005. Of these shares,
the shares
sold in this offering will be freely tradable without
restriction or further registration under the Securities Act,
except for any shares purchased by our affiliates,
as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities
Act, whose sales would be subject to certain limitations and
restrictions described below.
The
remaining shares
of common stock held by existing stockholders were issued and
sold by us in reliance on exemptions from the registration
requirements of the Securities Act. Of these
shares, shares
will be subject to lock-up agreements described
below on the effective date of this offering. On the effective
date of this offering, there will
be shares
that are not subject to lock-up agreements and eligible for sale
pursuant to Rule 144(k). Upon expiration of the lock-up
agreements 180 days after the effective date of this
offering, shares
will become eligible for sale, subject in most cases to the
limitations of Rule 144. In addition, holders of stock
options could exercise such options and sell certain of the
shares issued upon exercise as described below.
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Shares Eligible | |
|
|
Days After Date of this Prospectus |
|
for Sale | |
|
Comment |
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| |
|
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Upon Effectiveness
|
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|
Shares sold in the offering |
Upon Effectiveness
|
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|
Freely tradable shares saleable under Rule 144(k) that are
not subject to the lock-up |
90 Days
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Shares saleable under Rules 144 and 701 that are not
subject to a lock-up |
180 Days
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Lock-up released, subject to extension; shares saleable under
Rules 144 and 701 |
Thereafter
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Restricted securities held for one year or less |
Lock-up Agreements
We, each of our directors and executive officers, the selling
stockholders and certain of our other stockholders, who
collectively
own shares
of our common stock, based on shares outstanding as of
July 2, 2005, have agreed that, without the prior written
consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated and
J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. on behalf of the underwriters,
we and they will not, subject to limited exceptions, during the
period ending 180 days after the date of this prospectus,
subject to extension in specified circumstances:
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offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or
contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell,
grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend or
otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any
shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into or
exercisable or exchangeable for common stock; or |
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enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to
another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences
of ownership of our common stock, |
whether any transaction described above is to be settled by
delivery of our common stock or such other securities, in cash
or otherwise. Any determination to release any shares subject to
the lock-up agreements would be made on a case-by-case basis
based on a number of factors at the time of determination,
including the market price of the common stock, the liquidity of
the trading market for the common stock, general market
conditions, the number of shares proposed to be sold and the
timing, purpose and terms of the proposed sale. Morgan
Stanley & Co. Incorporated and J.P. Morgan
Securities Inc. on behalf of the underwriters will have
discretion in determining if, and when, to release any shares
subject to lock-up agreements. We do not currently expect any
85
release of shares subject to lock-up agreements prior to the
expiration of the applicable lock-up periods. Upon the
expiration of the applicable lock-up periods, substantially all
of the shares subject to such lock-up restrictions will become
eligible for sale, subject to the limitations discussed above.
Rule 144
In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect,
beginning 90 days after the date of this prospectus, a
person who has beneficially owned shares of our common stock for
at least one year, including an affiliate, would be entitled to
sell in brokers transactions or to market
makers, within any three-month period, a number of shares that
does not exceed the greater of:
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1% of the number of shares of our common stock then outstanding,
which will equal
approximately shares
immediately after this offering; or |
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|
the average weekly trading volume in our common stock on the
NASDAQ National Market during the four calendar weeks preceding
the filing of a notice on Form 144 with respect to such
sale. |
Sales under Rule 144 are generally subject to the
availability of current public information about us.
Rule 144(k)
Under Rule 144(k), a person who is not deemed to have been
an affiliate of ours at any time during the 90 days
preceding a sale, and who has beneficially owned the shares
proposed to be sold for at least two years, is entitled to sell
such shares without having to comply with the manner of sale,
public information, volume limitation or notice filing
provisions of Rule 144. Therefore, unless otherwise
restricted, 144(k) shares may be sold immediately
upon the completion of this offering.
Rule 701
In general, under Rule 701, any of our employees,
directors, officers, consultants or advisors who purchases
shares from us in connection with a compensatory stock or option
plan or other written agreement before the effective date of
this offering is entitled to sell such shares 90 days after
the effective date of this offering in reliance on
Rule 144, without having to comply with the holding period
and notice filing requirements of Rule 144 and, in the case
of non-affiliates, without having to comply with the public
information, volume limitation or notice filing provisions of
Rule 144.
The SEC has indicated that Rule 701 will apply to typical
stock options granted by an issuer before it becomes subject to
the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended, along with the shares acquired upon exercise
of such options, including exercises after the date of this
prospectus. Securities issued in reliance on Rule 701 are
restricted securities and subject to the contractual
restrictions described above, beginning 90 days after the
date of this prospectus, may be sold by persons other than
affiliates subject only to the manner of sale provisions of
Rule 144 and by affiliates without compliance with its one
year minimum holding period requirements.
Stock Options
We intend to file one or more registration statements on
Form S-8 under the Securities Act to register all shares of
common stock subject to outstanding stock options and common
stock issued or issuable under our stock plans. We expect to
file the registration statement covering shares offered pursuant
to our stock plans shortly after the date of this prospectus,
permitting the resale of such shares by nonaffiliates in the
public market without restriction under the Securities Act.
Registration Rights
Upon completion of this offering, the holders of
16,056,675 shares of our common stock will be eligible to
exercise certain rights with respect to the registration of such
shares under the Securities Act. See Description of
Capital Stock Registration Rights. Upon the
effectiveness of a registration statement covering these shares,
the shares would become freely tradable.
86
UNDERWRITERS
Under the terms and subject to the conditions contained in an
underwriting agreement dated the date of this prospectus, the
underwriters named below, for whom Morgan Stanley & Co.
Incorporated, J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., First Albany
Capital Inc., Needham & Company, LLC, and Adams
Harkness, Inc. are acting as representatives, have severally
agreed to purchase, and we and the selling stockholders have
agreed to sell to them, severally, the number of shares
indicated below:
|
|
|
|
|
Name |
|
Number of Shares | |
|
|
| |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated
|
|
|
|
|
J.P. Morgan Securities Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
First Albany Capital Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
Needham & Company, LLC
|
|
|
|
|
Adams Harkness, Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The underwriters are offering the shares of common stock subject
to their acceptance of the shares from us and the selling
stockholders and subject to prior sale. The underwriting
agreement provides that the obligations of the several
underwriters to pay for and accept delivery of the shares of
common stock offered by this prospectus are subject to the
approval of specified legal matters by their counsel and to
other conditions. The underwriters are obligated to take and pay
for all of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus
if any such shares are taken. However, the underwriters are not
required to take or pay for the shares covered by the
underwriters over-allotment option described below.
The underwriters initially propose to offer part of the shares
of common stock directly to the public at the public offering
price listed on the cover page of this prospectus and part to
certain dealers at a price that represents a concession not in
excess of
$ a
share under the public offering price. No underwriter may allow,
and no dealer may reallow, any concession to other underwriters
or to certain dealers. After the initial offering of the shares
of common stock, the offering price and other selling terms may
from time to time be varied by the representatives.
The selling stockholders have granted to the underwriters an
option, exercisable for 30 days from the date of this
prospectus, to purchase up to an aggregate
of additional
shares of common stock at the public offering price listed on
the cover page of this prospectus, less underwriting discounts
and commissions. The underwriters may exercise this option
solely for the purpose of covering over-allotments, if any, made
in connection with the offering of the shares of common stock
offered by this prospectus. To the extent the option is
exercised, each underwriter will become obligated, subject to
certain conditions, to purchase approximately the same
percentage of the additional shares of common stock as the
number listed next to the underwriters name in the
preceding table bears to the total number of shares of common
stock listed next to the names of all underwriters in the
preceding table. If the underwriters option is exercised
in full, the total price to the public would be
$ ,
the total underwriters discounts and commissions paid by
us and the selling stockholders would be $ and
$ ,
respectively, and the total proceeds to us and the selling
stockholders would be
$ and
$ ,
respectively.
The underwriters have informed us that they do not intend sales
to discretionary accounts to exceed five percent of the total
number of shares of common stock offered by them.
We, each of our directors and executive officers, the selling
stockholders and certain of our other stockholders have agreed
that, without the prior written consent of Morgan
Stanley & Co. Incorporated and
87
J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. on behalf of the underwriters,
we and they will not, during the period ending 180 days
after the date of this prospectus:
|
|
|
|
|
offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or
contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell,
grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend or
otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any
shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into or
exercisable or exchangeable for common stock; or |
|
|
|
enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to
another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences
of ownership of our common stock, |
whether any transaction described above is to be settled by
delivery of our common stock or such other securities, in cash
or otherwise.
These restrictions do not apply to:
|
|
|
|
|
the sale of shares to the underwriters; |
|
|
|
the issuance by us of shares of our common stock upon the
exercise of an option or a warrant or the conversion of a
security outstanding on the date of this prospectus of which the
underwriters have been advised in writing; |
|
|
|
transactions by anyone other than us relating to shares of
common stock or other securities acquired in open market
transactions after the completion of the offering of the shares; |
|
|
|
transfers of shares or any security convertible into our common
stock as a bona fide gift; or |
|
|
|
distributions by a selling stockholder of shares or any security
convertible into our common stock to limited partners or
stockholders of the selling stockholder, |
provided that in the case of each of the last two transactions,
each donee or distributee agrees to accept the restrictions
described in the immediately preceding paragraph and no filing
under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act reporting a
reduction in beneficial ownership of shares of common stock is
required in connection with these transactions during the
180-day period.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if:
|
|
|
|
|
during the last 17 days of the 180-day period, we issue an
earnings release or material news or a material event relating
to us occurs; or |
|
|
|
prior to the expiration of the 180-day period, we announce that
we will release earnings results during the 16-day period
beginning on the last day of the 180-day period, |
the above restrictions shall continue to apply until either
(x) the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the
issuance of the earnings release or the occurrence of the
material news or material event if, within three days of that
issuance or occurrence, any of the underwriters publishes or
otherwise distributes a research report or makes a public
appearance concerning us, or (y) the later of the last day
of the 180-day period and the third day after we issue the
release or the material news or material event occurs.
The following table shows the per share and total underwriting
discounts and commissions that we and the selling stockholders
are to pay to the underwriters in connection with this offering.
These amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and full
exercise of the underwriters option to purchase additional
shares of our common stock.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paid by Selling | |
|
|
|
|
Paid by Us | |
|
Stockholders | |
|
Total | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
No Exercise | |
|
Full Exercise | |
|
No Exercise | |
|
Full Exercise | |
|
No Exercise | |
|
Full Exercise | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Per share
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
Total
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
88
In addition, we estimate that the expenses of this offering
other than underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us
will be
$ .
In order to facilitate the offering of the common stock, the
underwriters may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain
or otherwise affect the price of the common stock. Specifically,
the underwriters may sell more shares than they are obligated to
purchase under the underwriting agreement, creating a short
position. A short sale is covered if the short position is no
greater than the number of shares available for purchase by the
underwriters under the over-allotment option. The underwriters
can close out a covered short sale by exercising the
over-allotment option or purchasing shares in the open market.
In determining the source of shares to close out a covered short
sale, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the
open market price of shares compared to the price available
under the over-allotment option. The underwriters may also sell
shares in excess of the over-allotment option, creating a naked
short position. The underwriters must close out any naked short
position by purchasing shares in the open market. A naked short
position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are
concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of
the common stock in the open market after pricing that could
adversely affect investors who purchase in this offering. In
addition, to stabilize the price of the common stock, the
underwriters may bid for, and purchase, shares of common stock
in the open market. Finally, the underwriting syndicate may
reclaim selling concessions allowed to an underwriter or a
dealer for distributing the common stock in this offering, if
the syndicate repurchases previously distributed common stock in
transactions to cover syndicate short positions or to stabilize
the price of the common stock. Any of these activities may
stabilize or maintain the market price of the common stock above
independent market levels. The underwriters are not required to
engage in these activities, and may end any of these activities
at any time.
We have applied for quotation of our common stock on the NASDAQ
National Market under the symbol IRBT.
We, the selling stockholders and the underwriters have agreed to
indemnify each other against certain liabilities, including
liabilities under the Securities Act.
The underwriters have in the past performed and may in the
future perform investment banking and advisory services for us
from time to time for which they have received or may in the
future receive customary fees and expenses. The underwriters
may, from time to time, engage in transactions with or perform
services for us in the ordinary course of business.
Qualified Independent Underwriter
This offering is being conducted under Rule 2720 of the
Conduct Rules of the National Association of Securities Dealers,
Inc. or the NASD, which provides that when a NASD member firm
participates in the offering of equity securities of an issuer
with which the member has a conflict of interests, the initial
public offering price can be no higher than that recommended by
a qualified independent underwriter.
George McNamee, a member of our board of directors, is the
Chairman of First Albany Companies Inc. First Albany Capital
Inc., one of the underwriters, is a wholly-owned subsidiary of
First Albany Companies Inc. In addition, First Albany Companies
Inc. and its affiliates own in the aggregate more than 10% of
our preferred equity as defined pursuant to
Rule 2720(b)(12) of the Conduct Rules of the NASD.
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated is serving as the
qualified independent underwriter in the offering and will
recommend a price in compliance with the requirements of 2720 of
the Conduct Rules of the NASD. Morgan Stanley & Co.
Incorporated has performed due diligence investigations and
reviewed and participated in the preparation of the prospectus
and the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a
part. Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated will receive no
additional compensation in its capacity as the qualified
independent underwriter. We have agreed to indemnify Morgan
Stanley & Co. Incorporated against liabilities incurred
in connection with its acting as the qualified independent
underwriter, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
89
Directed Share Program
At our request, Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated has
reserved for sale as part of the underwritten offering, at the
initial public offering price, up
to shares,
or %
of the total number of shares offered by this prospectus, for
our directors, officers, employees, business associates and
other persons with whom we have a relationship. If purchased by
these persons, these shares will be subject to
a -day
lock-up restriction. The number of shares of common stock
available for sale to the general public will be reduced to the
extent such persons purchase such reserved shares. Any reserved
shares that are not so purchased will be offered by the
underwriters to the general public on the same basis as the
other shares offered in this prospectus.
Pricing of the Offering
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our
common stock. The initial public offering price will be
determined by negotiations between us and the representatives.
Among the factors to be considered in determining the initial
public offering price will be our future prospects and those of
our industry in general, our sales, earnings and other financial
operating information in recent periods, and the price-earnings
ratios, price-sales ratios, market prices of securities and
financial and operating information of companies engaged in
activities similar to ours. The estimated initial public
offering price range set forth on the cover page of this
preliminary prospectus is subject to change as a result of
market conditions and other factors.
90
LEGAL MATTERS
Goodwin Procter LLP, Boston, Massachusetts, will pass upon the
validity of the shares of common stock offered hereby. Wilmer
Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, Boston, Massachusetts, will
pass upon legal matters relating to this offering for the
underwriters.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements as of December 31,
2004 and 2003 and for each of the three years in the period
ended December 31, 2004 included in this prospectus have
been so included in reliance on the report of
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public
accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts
in auditing and accounting.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on
Form S-1 (File Number 333-126907) under the Securities
Act with respect to the shares of common stock we and the
selling stockholders are offering by this prospectus. This
prospectus does not contain all of the information included in
the registration statement. For further information pertaining
to us and our common stock, you should refer to the registration
statement and to its exhibits. Whenever we make reference in
this prospectus to any of our contracts, agreements or other
documents, the references are not necessarily complete, and you
should refer to the exhibits attached to the registration
statement for copies of the actual contract, agreement or other
document.
Upon the closing of the offering, we will be subject to the
informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 and will file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy
statements and other information with the SEC. You can read our
SEC filings, including the registration statement, over the
Internet at the SECs website at www.sec.gov. You may also
read and copy any document we file with the SEC at its public
reference facility at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580,
Washington, D.C. 20549.
You may also obtain copies of the documents at prescribed rates
by writing to the Public Reference Section of the SEC at
100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please
call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the
operation of the public reference facilities.
91
iROBOT CORPORATION
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
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|
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|
Page | |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
F-2 |
|
|
|
|
F-3 |
|
|
|
|
F-4 |
|
|
|
|
F-5 |
|
|
|
|
F-6 |
|
|
|
|
F-7 |
|
F-1
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
iRobot Corporation:
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and
the related consolidated statements of operations,
stockholders equity (deficit) and cash flows present
fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of
iRobot Corporation and its subsidiary at December 31, 2003
and 2004, and the results of their operations and their cash
flows for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 2004 in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America. These
financial statements are the responsibility of the
Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We
conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with the
standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
(United States). Those standards require that we plan and
perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether
the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An
audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements,
assessing the accounting principles used and significant
estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits
provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
May 4, 2005 (except for Note 17,
as to which the date is May 26, 2005)
F-2
iROBOT CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
|
July 2, | |
|
|
| |
|
July 2, | |
|
2005 | |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
(Pro Forma) | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$ |
4,619,937 |
|
|
$ |
19,440,843 |
|
|
$ |
15,090,230 |
|
|
$ |
15,090,230 |
|
|
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $247,921 at
December 31, 2003, and $50,000 at December 31, 2004
and at July 2, 2005
|
|
|
8,137,517 |
|
|
|
14,436,269 |
|
|
|
7,344,671 |
|
|
|
7,344,671 |
|
|
Unbilled revenue
|
|
|
1,142,784 |
|
|
|
774,025 |
|
|
|
929,944 |
|
|
|
929,944 |
|
|
Inventory, net
|
|
|
11,419,611 |
|
|
|
7,668,934 |
|
|
|
12,399,474 |
|
|
|
12,399,474 |
|
|
Other current assets
|
|
|
798,045 |
|
|
|
399,702 |
|
|
|
479,072 |
|
|
|
479,072 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets
|
|
|
26,117,894 |
|
|
|
42,719,773 |
|
|
|
36,243,391 |
|
|
|
36,243,391 |
|
Property and equipment, net
|
|
|
1,605,033 |
|
|
|
3,512,510 |
|
|
|
4,010,207 |
|
|
|
4,010,207 |
|
Other assets
|
|
|
103,719 |
|
|
|
82,000 |
|
|
|
82,000 |
|
|
|
82,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$ |
27,826,646 |
|
|
$ |
46,314,283 |
|
|
$ |
40,335,598 |
|
|
$ |
40,335,598 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY (DEFICIT) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
$ |
6,781,412 |
|
|
$ |
19,581,065 |
|
|
$ |
19,611,817 |
|
|
$ |
19,611,817 |
|
|
Revolving line of credit
|
|
|
1,338,980 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accrued expenses
|
|
|
2,802,666 |
|
|
|
3,819,937 |
|
|
|
4,029,378 |
|
|
|
4,029,378 |
|
|
Accrued compensation
|
|
|
2,032,299 |
|
|
|
3,150,761 |
|
|
|
2,763,659 |
|
|
|
2,763,659 |
|
|
Provision for contract settlements
|
|
|
5,333,619 |
|
|
|
5,190,798 |
|
|
|
5,239,124 |
|
|
|
5,239,124 |
|
|
Deferred revenue
|
|
|
7,201,339 |
|
|
|
1,287,935 |
|
|
|
2,028,149 |
|
|
|
2,028,149 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current liabilities
|
|
|
25,490,315 |
|
|
|
33,030,496 |
|
|
|
33,672,127 |
|
|
|
33,672,127 |
|
Long-term liabilities
|
|
|
133,200 |
|
|
|
66,600 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Redeemable convertible preferred stock (Note 8)
|
|
|
27,561,869 |
|
|
|
37,506,236 |
|
|
|
37,506,236 |
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 18,500,000, 35,000,000 and
35,000,000 shares authorized and 9,360,750, 10,129,457 and
10,337,574 shares issued and outstanding at
December 31, 2003 and 2004 and July 2, 2005,
respectively
|
|
|
93,608 |
|
|
|
101,294 |
|
|
|
103,375 |
|
|
|
198,947 |
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
1,695,966 |
|
|
|
2,925,496 |
|
|
|
4,577,829 |
|
|
|
41,988,493 |
|
Note receivable from stockholder
|
|
|
(43,000 |
) |
|
|
(43,000 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(386,587 |
) |
|
|
(1,480,231 |
) |
|
|
(1,480,231 |
) |
Accumulated deficit
|
|
|
(27,105,312 |
) |
|
|
(26,886,252 |
) |
|
|
(34,043,738 |
) |
|
|
(34,043,738 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stockholders equity (deficit)
|
|
|
(25,358,738 |
) |
|
|
(24,289,049 |
) |
|
|
(30,842,765 |
) |
|
|
6,663,471 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities, redeemable convertible preferred stock and
stockholders equity (deficit)
|
|
$ |
27,826,646 |
|
|
$ |
46,314,283 |
|
|
$ |
40,335,598 |
|
|
$ |
40,335,598 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial
statements
F-3
iROBOT CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended | |
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
December 31, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
June 30, | |
|
July 2, | |
|
|
2002 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
Revenue:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Product revenue
|
|
$ |
6,955,215 |
|
|
$ |
45,896,313 |
|
|
$ |
82,147,080 |
|
|
$ |
23,087,249 |
|
|
$ |
34,723,592 |
|
Contract revenue
|
|
|
7,222,589 |
|
|
|
7,661,244 |
|
|
|
12,365,114 |
|
|
|
5,038,983 |
|
|
|
8,232,950 |
|
Royalty revenue
|
|
|
638,704 |
|
|
|
758,595 |
|
|
|
530,955 |
|
|
|
483,316 |
|
|
|
62,037 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenue
|
|
|
14,816,508 |
|
|
|
54,316,152 |
|
|
|
95,043,149 |
|
|
|
28,609,548 |
|
|
|
43,018,579 |
|
Cost of revenue:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of product revenue
|
|
|
4,896,025 |
|
|
|
31,193,513 |
|
|
|
59,321,238 |
|
|
|
16,471,000 |
|
|
|
26,750,347 |
|
Cost of contract revenue
|
|
|
11,860,610 |
|
|
|
6,143,347 |
|
|
|
8,370,487 |
|
|
|
3,345,591 |
|
|
|
5,770,138 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total cost of revenue
|
|
|
16,756,635 |
|
|
|
37,336,860 |
|
|
|
67,691,725 |
|
|
|
19,816,591 |
|
|
|
32,520,485 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit (loss)
|
|
|
(1,940,127 |
) |
|
|
16,979,292 |
|
|
|
27,351,424 |
|
|
|
8,792,957 |
|
|
|
10,498,094 |
|
Operating expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
1,735,831 |
|
|
|
3,848,010 |
|
|
|
5,504,321 |
|
|
|
2,563,083 |
|
|
|
5,712,525 |
|
Selling, general and administrative
|
|
|
7,128,105 |
|
|
|
20,521,298 |
|
|
|
21,404,106 |
|
|
|
9,188,128 |
|
|
|
12,061,316 |
|
Stock-based
compensation(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
90,489 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
8,863,936 |
|
|
|
24,369,308 |
|
|
|
26,908,427 |
|
|
|
11,751,211 |
|
|
|
17,864,330 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income (loss)
|
|
|
(10,804,063 |
) |
|
|
(7,390,016 |
) |
|
|
442,997 |
|
|
|
(2,958,254 |
) |
|
|
(7,366,236 |
) |
Other (expense) income, net
|
|
|
44,764 |
|
|
|
15,282 |
|
|
|
(79,762 |
) |
|
|
(41,069 |
) |
|
|
211,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) before income taxes
|
|
|
(10,759,299 |
) |
|
|
(7,374,734 |
) |
|
|
363,235 |
|
|
|
(2,999,323 |
) |
|
|
(7,155,236 |
) |
Income tax expense
|
|
|
14,695 |
|
|
|
36,227 |
|
|
|
144,175 |
|
|
|
1,306 |
|
|
|
2,250 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$ |
(10,773,994 |
) |
|
$ |
(7,410,961 |
) |
|
$ |
219,060 |
|
|
$ |
(3,000,629 |
) |
|
$ |
(7,157,486 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss) per share
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$ |
(2.00 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.79 |
) |
|
$ |
0.01 |
|
|
$ |
(0.31 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.72 |
) |
|
|
Diluted
|
|
$ |
(2.00 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.79 |
) |
|
$ |
0.01 |
|
|
$ |
(0.31 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.72 |
) |
Number of shares used in per share calculations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
5,390,679 |
|
|
|
9,351,880 |
|
|
|
9,659,993 |
|
|
|
9,530,022 |
|
|
|
10,007,932 |
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
5,390,679 |
|
|
|
9,351,880 |
|
|
|
19,182,595 |
|
|
|
9,530,022 |
|
|
|
10,007,932 |
|
|
|
(1) |
Stock-based compensation recorded in 2005 breaks down by expense
classification as follows: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
July 2, 2005 | |
|
|
| |
|
|
(unaudited) | |
Cost of product revenue
|
|
$ |
8,835 |
|
Cost of contract revenue
|
|
|
10,998 |
|
Research and development
|
|
|
31,832 |
|
Selling, general and
administrative
|
|
|
38,824 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stock-based
compensation
|
|
$ |
90,489 |
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial
statements
F-4
iROBOT CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
(DEFICIT)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Stock | |
|
Additional | |
|
Receivable | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Paid-In | |
|
from | |
|
Deferred | |
|
Accumulated | |
|
|
|
|
Shares | |
|
Value | |
|
Capital | |
|
Stockholder | |
|
Compensation | |
|
Deficit | |
|
Total | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Balance at December 31, 2002
|
|
|
9,291,760 |
|
|
$ |
92,918 |
|
|
$ |
1,661,896 |
|
|
$ |
(43,000 |
) |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
(19,694,351 |
) |
|
$ |
(17,982,537 |
) |
Issuance of common stock warrants related to debt financing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22,312 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22,312 |
|
Issuance of common stock for exercise of stock options
|
|
|
68,990 |
|
|
|
690 |
|
|
|
11,758 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,448 |
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(7,410,961 |
) |
|
|
(7,410,961 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2003
|
|
|
9,360,750 |
|
|
|
93,608 |
|
|
|
1,695,966 |
|
|
|
(43,000 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(27,105,312 |
) |
|
|
(25,358,738 |
) |
Issuance of restricted stock
|
|
|
397,584 |
|
|
|
3,976 |
|
|
|
967,217 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(669,912 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
301,281 |
|
Amortization of deferred compensation relating to restricted
stock
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
283,325 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
283,325 |
|
Issuance of common stock for exercise of stock options
|
|
|
371,123 |
|
|
|
3,710 |
|
|
|
262,313 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
266,023 |
|
Net income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
219,060 |
|
|
|
219,060 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2004
|
|
|
10,129,457 |
|
|
|
101,294 |
|
|
|
2,925,496 |
|
|
|
(43,000 |
) |
|
|
(386,587 |
) |
|
|
(26,886,252 |
) |
|
|
(24,289,049 |
) |
Amortization of deferred compensation relating to restricted
stock
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100,340 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100,340 |
|
Issuance of Common Stock for exercise of stock options
|
|
|
208,117 |
|
|
|
2,081 |
|
|
|
367,860 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
369,941 |
|
Repayment of note receivable from stockholder
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
43,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
43,000 |
|
Deferred compensation relating to issuance of stock options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,284,473 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,284,473 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization of deferred compensation relating to stock options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
90,489 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
90,489 |
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(7,157,486 |
) |
|
|
(7,157,486 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at July 2, 2005 (unaudited)
|
|
|
10,337,574 |
|
|
$ |
103,375 |
|
|
$ |
4,577,829 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
(1,480,231 |
) |
|
$ |
(34,043,738 |
) |
|
$ |
(30,842,765 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial
statements
F-5
iROBOT CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended | |
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
December 31, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
June 30, | |
|
July 2, | |
|
|
2002 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
Cash flows from operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$ |
(10,773,994 |
) |
|
$ |
(7,410,961 |
) |
|
$ |
219,060 |
|
|
$ |
(3,000,629 |
) |
|
$ |
(7,157,486 |
) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating
activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
511,335 |
|
|
|
735,170 |
|
|
|
1,313,705 |
|
|
|
389,188 |
|
|
|
886,864 |
|
|
Loss on disposal of fixed assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29,384 |
|
|
|
1,265 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest expense relating to issuance of warrants
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22,312 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization of deferred compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
283,325 |
|
|
|
177,328 |
|
|
|
190,829 |
|
|
Changes in working capital(use) source
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable and related party trade receivables
|
|
|
237,164 |
|
|
|
(7,481,472 |
) |
|
|
(6,298,751 |
) |
|
|
4,663,824 |
|
|
|
7,091,598 |
|
|
|
Unbilled revenue
|
|
|
(325,371 |
) |
|
|
(526,573 |
) |
|
|
368,759 |
|
|
|
832,041 |
|
|
|
(155,919 |
) |
|
|
Inventory
|
|
|
(1,829,773 |
) |
|
|
(8,795,412 |
) |
|
|
3,750,677 |
|
|
|
8,277,867 |
|
|
|
(4,730,540 |
) |
|
|
Other current assets
|
|
|
(434,970 |
) |
|
|
(146,481 |
) |
|
|
420,061 |
|
|
|
574,990 |
|
|
|
(79,370 |
) |
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
|
3,869,832 |
|
|
|
1,908,212 |
|
|
|
12,799,653 |
|
|
|
(1,074,734 |
) |
|
|
30,752 |
|
|
|
Accrued expenses
|
|
|
219,778 |
|
|
|
2,582,888 |
|
|
|
1,017,271 |
|
|
|
(836,895 |
) |
|
|
209,441 |
|
|
|
Accrued compensation
|
|
|
679,609 |
|
|
|
295,001 |
|
|
|
1,118,462 |
|
|
|
138,127 |
|
|
|
(387,102 |
) |
|
|
Provision for contract settlement
|
|
|
2,361,055 |
|
|
|
1,377,835 |
|
|
|
(142,821 |
) |
|
|
(87,502 |
) |
|
|
48,326 |
|
|
|
Deferred revenue
|
|
|
1,787,035 |
|
|
|
5,952,843 |
|
|
|
(5,913,405 |
) |
|
|
(6,517,187 |
) |
|
|
740,214 |
|
|
|
Change in long-term liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
133,200 |
|
|
|
(66,600 |
) |
|
|
(66,600 |
) |
|
|
(66,600 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
|
|
|
(3,698,300 |
) |
|
|
(11,324,054 |
) |
|
|
8,870,661 |
|
|
|
3,469,818 |
|
|
|
(3,378,993 |
) |
Cash flows from investing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase of property and equipment
|
|
|
(448,412 |
) |
|
|
(1,329,913 |
) |
|
|
(3,222,446 |
) |
|
|
(758,315 |
) |
|
|
(1,384,561 |
) |
Cash flows from financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Principal payments on capital lease obligations
|
|
|
(51,009 |
) |
|
|
(14,102 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Borrowings under revolving line of credit, net
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,338,980 |
|
|
|
(1,338,980 |
) |
|
|
(1,338,980 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Repayment of note receivable from stockholder
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
43,000 |
|
Proceeds from stock option exercises
|
|
|
32,894 |
|
|
|
12,448 |
|
|
|
266,024 |
|
|
|
225,724 |
|
|
|
369,941 |
|
Proceeds from issuance of restricted stock
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
301,281 |
|
|
|
301,281 |
|
|
|
|
|
Net proceeds from sale of preferred stock
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,922,735 |
|
|
|
9,944,366 |
|
|
|
(270 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
(18,115 |
) |
|
|
14,260,061 |
|
|
|
9,172,691 |
|
|
|
(812,245 |
) |
|
|
412,941 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
(4,164,827 |
) |
|
|
1,606,094 |
|
|
|
14,820,906 |
|
|
|
1,899,258 |
|
|
|
(4,350,613 |
) |
Cash and cash equivalents, at beginning of period
|
|
|
7,178,670 |
|
|
|
3,013,843 |
|
|
|
4,619,937 |
|
|
|
4,619,937 |
|
|
|
19,440,843 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents, at end of period
|
|
$ |
3,013,843 |
|
|
$ |
4,619,937 |
|
|
$ |
19,440,843 |
|
|
$ |
6,519,195 |
|
|
$ |
15,090,230 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for interest
|
|
$ |
8,621 |
|
|
$ |
28,572 |
|
|
$ |
142,367 |
|
|
$ |
67,955 |
|
|
$ |
5,665 |
|
Cash paid for income taxes
|
|
|
14,756 |
|
|
|
14,206 |
|
|
|
123,941 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,800 |
|
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing
activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
During 2004, 2003 and 2002, the Company transferred $186,011,
$16,960 and $115,595, respectively, of inventory to fixed assets. |
During the first six months of 2005 and 2004, the Company
transferred $140,489 and $1,815, respectively, of inventory to
fixed assets. |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial
statements
F-6
iROBOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
1. |
Nature of the Business |
iRobot Corporation, formerly IS Robotics, Inc., was incorporated
in 1990 to develop robotics and artificial intelligence
technologies and apply these technologies in producing and
marketing robots. The majority of the Companys revenue is
generated from product sales, and government research and
development contracts.
The Company is subject to risks common to companies in high-tech
industries including, but not limited to, uncertainty of
progress in developing technologies, new technological
innovations, dependence on key personnel, protection of
proprietary technology, compliance with government regulations,
uncertainty of market acceptance of products and the need to
obtain financing, if necessary.
The Company has generated losses from operations since inception
through 2003, offset slightly by net income of $219,060 in 2004.
As a result, the Company has an accumulated deficit of
$26.9 million at December 31, 2004. To date, the
Company has been dependent on equity financings to fund
operations and has raised $37.5 million, cumulatively, with
its last round of financing totaling $9.9 million in 2004
(Note 8). Management believes its existing cash balances
will enable the Company to fund its operations through
December 31, 2005. The Companys ultimate success is
dependent upon its ability to obtain additional customers and
continue to manage its expenditures. If the Company is unable to
generate sufficient customer orders and manage its expenditures
to meet its obligations as they become due, the Company will
require additional financing in order to fund operations and
achieve its intended business objectives.
|
|
2. |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
|
|
|
Unaudited Interim Financial Statements |
The consolidated financial statements and related notes of the
Company for the six months ended June 30, 2004 and
July 2, 2005, respectively, are unaudited. Management
believes the unaudited consolidated financial statements have
been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated
financial statements and include all adjustments, consisting
only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair
statement of the financial position and results of operations in
such periods. Results of operations for the six months ended
July 2, 2005 are not necessarily indicative of the results
that may be expected for the year ended December 31, 2005.
|
|
|
Unaudited Pro Forma Presentation |
Unaudited pro forma net loss per share is computed using the
weighted average number of common shares outstanding, including
the pro forma effects of automatic conversion of all outstanding
redeemable convertible preferred stock into shares of the
Companys common stock effective upon the assumed closing
of the Companys proposed initial public offering as if
such conversion had occurred at the date of original issuance.
Upon the closing of the Companys initial public offering
of securities, all of the outstanding shares of Series A,
B, C, D, E and F Convertible Preferred Stock will automatically
convert on a one-for-one basis to 9,557,246 shares of the
Companys common stock, assuming the aggregate proceeds to
the Company are at least $25.0 million. The unaudited pro
forma presentation of the balance sheet has been prepared
assuming the conversion of the convertible preferred stock into
common stock as of July 2, 2005.
F-7
iROBOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
Beginning in fiscal 2005, the Company operates and reports using
a 52-53 week fiscal year ending on the Saturday closest to
December 31. Accordingly, the Companys fiscal
quarters will end on the Saturday that falls closest to the last
day of the third month of each quarter.
|
|
|
Cash and Cash Equivalents |
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an
original or remaining maturity of three months or less at the
time of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company invests its
excess cash primarily in money market funds of major financial
institutions. Accordingly, its investments are subject to
minimal credit and market risk. At December 31, 2004 and
2003, cash equivalents were comprised of money market funds
totaling $12,448,665 and $3,750,512, respectively. These cash
equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value.
The Company derives its revenue from product sales, government
research and development contracts and commercial research and
development contracts. The Company sells products directly to
customers and indirectly through resellers and distributors. The
Company recognizes revenue from sales of consumer robotic
devices under the terms of the customer agreement upon transfer
of title to the customer, net of estimated returns, provided
that collection is determined to be probable and no significant
obligations remain. Sales to resellers are subject to agreements
allowing for limited rights of return for defective products
only, rebates and price protection. The Company has historically
not taken product returns except for defective products.
Accordingly, the Company reduces revenue for its estimates of
liabilities to these rights at the time the related sale is
recorded. The Company makes an estimate of sales returns for
products sold by resellers directly or through its distributors
based on historical returns experience. The Company has
aggregated and analyzed historical returns from resellers and
end users which form the basis of its estimate of future sales
returns by resellers or end users. In accordance with Statement
of Financial Accounting Standards No. 48, Revenue
Recognition When Right of Return Exists, the provision
for these estimated returns is recorded as a reduction of
revenue at the time that the related revenue is recorded. If
actual returns differ significantly from its estimates, such
differences could have a material impact on the Companys
results of operations for the period in which the returns become
known. The estimates for returns are adjusted periodically based
upon historical rates of returns. The estimates and reserve for
rebates and price protection are based on specific programs,
expected usage and historical experience. Actual results could
differ from these estimates. Through 2003, the Company
recognized revenue on sales to certain distributors and retail
customers upon their sale to the end-user when an allowance for
future returns from the end-user could be reasonably estimated.
In 2004, the Company recognized revenue on all sales to
distributors and retail customers upon delivery of product and
established a related allowance for future returns based upon
historical experience. As a result of this change, the Company
recorded revenue of approximately $5.7 million in 2004 for
products shipped prior to January 1, 2004.
Under cost-plus-fixed-fee (CPFF) type contracts, the Company
recognizes revenue based on costs incurred plus a pro rata
portion of the total fixed fee. Revenue on firm fixed price
(FFP) contracts is recognized using the percentage-of-completion
method. Costs and estimated gross profits on contracts are
recorded as revenue as work is performed based on the percentage
that incurred costs bear to estimated total costs utilizing the
most recent estimates of costs and funding. Changes in job
performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability,
including those arising from final contract settlements, may
result in revisions to costs and income and are recognized in
the period in which the revisions are determined. Since many
contracts extend over a long period of time, revisions in cost
and funding estimates during the progress of work have the
effect of adjusting earnings applicable to past performance in
the current period. When the current contract
F-8
iROBOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
estimate indicates a loss, provision is made for the total
anticipated loss in the current period. Revenue earned in excess
of billings, if any, is recorded as unbilled revenue. Billings
in excess of revenue earned, if any, are recorded as deferred
revenue.
|
|
|
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts |
The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts to
provide for the estimated amount of accounts receivable that
will not be collected. The allowance is based upon an assessment
of customer creditworthiness, historical payment experience and
the age of outstanding receivables.
Activity related to the allowance for doubtful accounts was as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2001
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
Provision
|
|
|
30,000 |
|
|
Deduction
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2002
|
|
|
30,000 |
|
|
Provision
|
|
|
237,329 |
|
|
Deduction
|
|
|
(19,408 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2003
|
|
|
247,921 |
|
|
Provision
|
|
|
(64,835 |
) |
|
Deduction
|
|
|
(133,086 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2004
|
|
$ |
50,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provision
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deduction
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at July 2, 2005
|
|
$ |
50,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
F-9
iROBOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market with cost
being determined using the first-in, first-out
(FIFO) method. The Company maintains a reserve for
inventory items to provide for an estimated amount of excess or
obsolete inventory.
Activity related to the inventory reserve as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2001
|
|
$ |
385,900 |
|
|
Provision
|
|
|
174,686 |
|
|
Deduction
|
|
|
(224,810 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2002
|
|
|
335,776 |
|
|
Provision
|
|
|
2,214,656 |
|
|
Deduction
|
|
|
(181,878 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2003
|
|
|
2,368,554 |
|
|
Provision
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deduction
|
|
|
(465,637 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2004
|
|
$ |
1,902,917 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provision
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deduction
|
|
|
(90,549 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Balance at July 2, 2005
|
|
$ |
1,812,368 |
|
|
|
|
|
Property and equipment are recorded at cost and consist
primarily of computer equipment, business applications software
and machinery. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line
method over the estimated useful lives as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Estimated |
|
|
Useful Life |
|
|
|
Computer and research equipment
|
|
3 years |
Furniture
|
|
5 |
Machinery
|
|
2-5 |
Business applications software
|
|
5 |
Capital leases and leasehold improvements
|
|
Term of lease |
Expenditures for additions, renewals and betterments of plant
and equipment are capitalized. Expenditures for repairs and
maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. As assets are
retired or sold, the related cost and accumulated depreciation
are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is
credited or charged to operations.
|
|
|
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets |
The Company periodically evaluates the recoverability of
long-lived assets whenever events and changes in circumstances
indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully
recoverable. When indicators of impairment are present, the
carrying values of the assets are evaluated in relation to the
operating performance and future undiscounted cash flows of the
underlying business. The net book value of the underlying asset
is adjusted to fair value if the sum of the expected discounted
cash flows is less than book value. Fair values are based on
estimates of market prices and assumptions concerning the amount
and timing
F-10
iROBOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
of estimated future cash flows and assumed discount rates,
reflecting varying degrees of perceived risk. There were no
impairment charges recorded during any of the periods presented.
Costs incurred in the research and development of the
Companys products are expensed as incurred.
The Company capitalizes costs associated with the development
and implementation of software obtained for internal use in
accordance with American Institute of Certified Public
Accountants Statement of Position 98-1, Accounting for
Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal
Use (SOP 98-1). At December 31, 2004
and 2003, the Company had $919,636 and $630,323, respectively,
of internal costs related to enterprisewide software included in
fixed assets. Capitalized costs are being amortized over the
assets estimated useful lives. The Company has recorded
$171,623, $111,945 and $97,590 of amortization expense for the
years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America requires the Company to make estimates and judgments
that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities,
revenues and expenses, and disclosure of contingent assets and
liabilities. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates these
estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue
recognition, sales returns, bad debts, warranty claims, lease
termination, inventory reserves, valuation of investments and
income taxes. The Company bases these estimates on historical
and anticipated results and trends and on various other
assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable under the
circumstances, including assumptions as to future events. These
estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying
values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent
from other sources. By their nature, estimates are subject to an
inherent degree of uncertainty. Actual results may differ from
our estimates.
Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year
financial statements to conform to the current year presentation.
|
|
|
Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant
Customers |
The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit accounts at a
high quality financial institution. The individual balances, at
times, may exceed federally insured limits. At December 31,
2004 and 2003, the Company exceeded the insured limit by
$19,177,227 and $4,344,137, respectively.
Financial instruments which potentially expose the Company to
concentrations of credit risk consist of accounts receivable.
Management believes its credit policies are prudent and reflect
normal industry terms and business risk. At December 31,
2004 and 2003, 15% and 14%, respectively, of the Companys
accounts receivable were due from the federal government. At
December 31, 2004, two other customers accounted for 21%
and 14% of the Companys account receivable balance. At
December 31, 2003, two other customers accounted for 21%
and 19% of the Companys accounts receivable balance. For
the year ended December 31, 2004, revenue from one
customer, the federal government, represented 20% of total
revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2003, revenue from
the federal government represented 12% of total revenue. For the
year ended December 31, 2002, revenue from the federal
government represented 30% of total revenue, and revenue from
two other customers represented 12% and 11% of total revenue.
F-11
iROBOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
The Company accounts for investments in affiliates under the
equity method of accounting as provided in Accounting Principles
Board Opinion No. 18, The Equity Method of Accounting
for Investments in Common Stock, if the Company owns less
than 50% of the affiliates outstanding capital stock and
the Company has influence over the affiliates daily
operations. In accordance with equity method accounting, the
Company records its proportionate shares of the affiliates
net income or loss. If the affiliate has cumulative losses, the
Companys proportionate share is recorded as a loss in
affiliate and as a reduction to the investment in affiliate.
Losses are recorded up to the original value of the investment
unless there are additional funding commitments. As of
December 31, 2004, the Company maintains no investments in
affiliates.
The Company applies Accounting Principles Board No. 25,
Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and related
interpretations (APB No. 25), in accounting for
its stock-based compensation plan. Accordingly, compensation
expense is recorded for options issued to employees in fixed
amounts and with fixed exercise prices only to the extent that
such exercise prices are less than the fair market value of the
Companys common stock at the date of grant. The Company
follows the disclosure provisions of Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation (SFAS No. 123), as
amended by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation
Transition and Disclosure, an amendment of FASB Statement
No. 123 (SFAS No. 148). All
stock-based awards to non-employees are accounted for at their
fair value in accordance with SFAS No. 123 and related
interpretations.
Had compensation cost for the Companys stock option plan
been determined based on the fair value at the grant date for
awards under this plan and amortized on a straight-line basis,
consistent with the methodology prescribed in
SFAS No. 123, the Companys pro forma net income
(loss) would have been as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended | |
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
December 31, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
June 30, | |
|
July 2, | |
|
|
2002 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
Net income (loss)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As reported
|
|
$ |
(10,773,994 |
) |
|
$ |
(7,410,961 |
) |
|
$ |
219,060 |
|
|
$ |
(3,000,629 |
) |
|
$ |
(7,157,486 |
) |
Add back: Stock-based employee compensation expense reported in
net income (loss)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
283,325 |
|
|
|
177,328 |
|
|
|
190,829 |
|
Less: Stock-based employee compensation expense determined under
fair-value method for all awards
|
|
|
(28,917 |
) |
|
|
(52,863 |
) |
|
|
(394,102 |
) |
|
|
(222,411 |
) |
|
|
(361,895 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro forma income (loss)
|
|
$ |
(10,802,911 |
) |
|
$ |
(7,463,824 |
) |
|
$ |
108,283 |
|
|
$ |
(3,045,712 |
) |
|
$ |
(7,328,552 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss) per share, as reported
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
$(2.00 |
) |
|
|
$(0.79 |
) |
|
|
$0.01 |
|
|
|
$(0.31 |
) |
|
|
$(0.72 |
) |
|
Diluted
|
|
|
$(2.00 |
) |
|
|
$(0.79 |
) |
|
|
$0.01 |
|
|
|
$(0.31 |
) |
|
|
$(0.72 |
) |
Pro forma net income (loss) per share
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
$(2.00 |
) |
|
|
$(0.80 |
) |
|
|
$0.01 |
|
|
|
$(0.32 |
) |
|
|
$(0.73 |
) |
|
Diluted
|
|
|
$(2.00 |
) |
|
|
$(0.80 |
) |
|
|
$0.01 |
|
|
|
$(0.32 |
) |
|
|
$(0.73 |
) |
Number of shares used in per share calculations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
5,390,679 |
|
|
|
9,351,880 |
|
|
|
9,659,993 |
|
|
|
9,530,022 |
|
|
|
10,007,932 |
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
5,390,679 |
|
|
|
9,351,880 |
|
|
|
19,182,595 |
|
|
|
9,530,022 |
|
|
|
10,007,932 |
|
F-12
iROBOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
Since options vest over several years and additional option
grants are expected to be made in future years, the pro forma
results are not representative of the pro forma results for
future years.
The weighted average fair value of each stock option granted in
2004 and 2003 was estimated as $0.416 and $0.314, respectively,
on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing
model with the following weighted average assumptions:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Risk-free interest rate
|
|
|
2.8% |
|
|
|
3.0% |
|
|
|
3.4% |
|
Expected dividend yield
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expected life
|
|
|
5 years |
|
|
|
5 years |
|
|
|
5 years |
|
Expected volatility
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the
weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding
during the period, excluding the dilutive effects of common
stock equivalents. Common stock equivalents include stock
options, warrants, restricted stock and convertible securities.
Diluted net income per share assumes the conversion of all
outstanding shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock
using the if converted method, if dilutive, and
includes the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents under
the treasury stock method.
The Company expenses advertising costs as they are incurred.
During the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002,
advertising expense totaled $6,773,551, $9,619,451 and $635,401,
respectively.
Deferred taxes are determined based on the difference between
the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities
using enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which the
differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are
provided if, based upon the weight of available evidence, it is
more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets
will not be realized.
In accordance with SFAS No. 146, Accounting for
Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities, the
Company recorded a charge in 2003 related to the termination of
an operating lease for one of its manufacturing facilities. This
charge includes approximately $212,000 of remaining lease
payments in addition to costs associated with vacating the
facility as required by the lease. As of December 31, 2004,
$37,879 is included within accrued expenses (Note 5) in the
accompanying balance sheet.
|
|
|
Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
SFAS No. 130, Reporting Comprehensive Income,
establishes standards for the reporting and display of
comprehensive income (loss) and its components in financial
statements. The Companys comprehensive income (loss) is
equal to the Companys net income (loss) for all periods
presented.
|
|
|
Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123R, which
requires the measurement of all share-based payments to
employees, including grants of employee stock options, using a
fair-value-based method
F-13
iROBOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
and the recording of such expense in the Companys
consolidated statement of operations. The accounting provisions
of SFAS No. 123R are effective for fiscal years beginning
after June 15, 2005. The Company will be required to adopt
SFAS No. 123R for its fiscal quarter beginning
January 1, 2006. The pro forma disclosures previously
permitted under SFAS No. 123 no longer will be an
alternative to financial statement recognition. The Company has
not yet determined whether the adoption of SFAS No. 123R
will result in amounts that are similar to the current pro forma
disclosures under SFAS No. 123. The Company is evaluating
the requirements under SFAS No. 123R and expects the
adoption to have a significant adverse impact on its
consolidated operating results.
Inventory consists of the following at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
July 2, | |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
Raw materials
|
|
$ |
1,510,995 |
|
|
$ |
427,181 |
|
|
$ |
707,465 |
|
Work in process
|
|
|
145,919 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finished goods
|
|
|
9,762,697 |
|
|
|
7,241,753 |
|
|
|
11,692,009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
11,419,611 |
|
|
$ |
7,668,934 |
|
|
$ |
12,399,474 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. |
Property and Equipment |
Property and equipment consists of the following at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
July 2, 2005 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
Computer and equipment
|
|
$ |
1,682,876 |
|
|
$ |
2,826,932 |
|
|
$ |
3,997,600 |
|
Furniture
|
|
|
59,954 |
|
|
|
160,942 |
|
|
|
164,298 |
|
Machinery
|
|
|
935,820 |
|
|
|
2,544,330 |
|
|
|
2,593,176 |
|
Leasehold improvements
|
|
|
194,700 |
|
|
|
272,107 |
|
|
|
350,045 |
|
Software purchased for internal use
|
|
|
630,323 |
|
|
|
919,636 |
|
|
|
1,003,390 |
|
Leased equipment
|
|
|
144,682 |
|
|
|
144,682 |
|
|
|
144,682 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,648,355 |
|
|
|
6,868,629 |
|
|
|
8,253,191 |
|
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
2,043,322 |
|
|
|
3,356,119 |
|
|
|
4,242,984 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
1,605,033 |
|
|
$ |
3,512,510 |
|
|
$ |
4,010,207 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization expense for the years ended
December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 was $1,313,705, $735,170
and $511,335, respectively. Accumulated amortization on leased
equipment was $144,682 at both December 31, 2004 and 2003.
F-14
iROBOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
Accrued expenses consist of the following at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
July 2, 2005 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
Accrued warranty
|
|
$ |
1,522,228 |
|
|
$ |
1,398,382 |
|
|
$ |
2,028,425 |
|
Accrued lease termination costs
|
|
|
326,324 |
|
|
|
37,879 |
|
|
|
|
|
Accrued rent
|
|
|
389,687 |
|
|
|
339,172 |
|
|
|
318,058 |
|
Accrued sales commissions
|
|
|
200,375 |
|
|
|
554,919 |
|
|
|
312,165 |
|
Accrued accounting fees
|
|
|
171,000 |
|
|
|
161,000 |
|
|
|
95,563 |
|
Accrued co-op advertising allowance
|
|
|
64,931 |
|
|
|
1,176,791 |
|
|
|
1,142,811 |
|
Accrued other
|
|
|
128,121 |
|
|
|
151,794 |
|
|
|
132,356 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
2,802,666 |
|
|
$ |
3,819,937 |
|
|
$ |
4,029,378 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6. |
Revolving Line of Credit |
In January 2003, the Company entered into a $2,000,000 secured
revolving credit agreement (the Credit Agreement)
with a bank. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are
collateralized by the Companys assets with the exception
of intellectual property, as defined, and bears interest at the
banks prime rate plus 1.25%. The Credit Agreement was
originally scheduled to mature in January 2004. Under the Credit
Agreement, as amended, the Company is subject to several
financial covenants including maintaining a minimum tangible net
worth. In February 2003, the Company entered into an amendment
to the Credit Agreement which reduced the tangible net worth
(deficit) requirement to $(1,700,000).
In April 2004, the Company entered into an amendment to the
Credit Agreement which further reduced the tangible net worth
(deficit) requirement to $(2,000,000), increased the amount of
the facility to $6,250,000, decreased the applicable interest
rate to the banks prime rate plus 1.00% and extended the
maturity date to March 2006. The Company is in compliance with
the covenants at December 31, 2004.
Common stockholders are entitled to one vote for each share held
and to receive dividends if and when declared by the Board of
Directors and subject to and qualified by the rights of holders
of the preferred stock. Upon dissolution or liquidation of the
Company, holders of common stock will be entitled to receive all
available assets subject to any preferential rights of any then
outstanding preferred stock.
F-15
iROBOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
8. |
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock |
The Companys redeemable convertible preferred stock,
$0.01 par value, is comprised of the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Series F; 1,412,430 shares authorized, issued and
outstanding at December 31, 2004, net of issuance costs
(liquidation preference $10,000,004)
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
9,944,637 |
|
Series E; 2,799,353 shares authorized, issued and
outstanding at December 31, 2004 and 3,002,069 shares
authorized, 2,799,353 issued and outstanding at
December 31, 2003, net of issuance costs (liquidation
preference $13,044,985)
|
|
|
12,922,735 |
|
|
|
12,922,465 |
|
Series D; 1,870,908 and 2,500,000 shares authorized,
1,870,908 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2004 and
2003, net of issuance costs (liquidation preference $7,000,002)
|
|
|
6,766,550 |
|
|
|
6,766,550 |
|
Series C; 1,470,000 shares authorized, issued and
outstanding at December 31, 2004 and 2003, net of issuance
costs (liquidation preference $5,500,005)
|
|
|
5,478,244 |
|
|
|
5,478,244 |
|
Series B; 668,185 shares authorized, issued and
outstanding at December 31, 2004 and 2003, net of issuance
costs (liquidation preference $1,000,006)
|
|
|
966,761 |
|
|
|
966,761 |
|
Series A; 1,336,370 shares authorized, issued and
outstanding at December 31, 2004 and 2003, net of issuance
costs (liquidation preference $1,550,189)
|
|
|
1,427,579 |
|
|
|
1,427,579 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
27,561,869 |
|
|
$ |
37,506,236 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock (the
Series A), the Series B redeemable
convertible preferred stock (the Series B), the
Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock (the
Series C), the Series D redeemable
convertible preferred stock (the Series D), the
Series E redeemable convertible preferred stock (the
Series E), and the Series F redeemable
convertible preferred stock (the Series F) are
hereinafter referred to collectively as the preferred
stock. At December 31, 2004, the preferred stock had
the following characteristics:
Each share of preferred stock is convertible, at the option of
the holder, into one share of common stock of the Company,
subject to certain anti-dilution adjustments. The preferred
stock will automatically convert into common stock immediately
prior to the closing of a qualified underwritten public offering
having total gross proceeds to the Company of at least
$25.0 million.
The preferred stock is not redeemable at the election of the
holders or at the election of the Company, subject to the
liquidation rights of the holders thereof.
Holders of the preferred stock are not entitled to dividends
unless declared by the Companys Board of Directors. Any
dividends declared must be distributed to the holders of the
preferred stock as if their preferred shares were the equivalent
amount of common shares as if converted, and no dividends may be
paid on the common stock until any and all dividends on the
preferred shares have been paid.
F-16
iROBOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
The holders of preferred stock generally vote together either by
class, with other holders of preferred stock as a single class,
or together with the holders of common stock on all matters and
are entitled to one vote for each share of preferred stock held.
In the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the
Company (a liquidation event), (i) the holders
of Series E are entitled to receive, prior and in
preference to any distribution to the holders of Series A,
Series B, Series C, Series D, and common stock,
the greater of (a) $4.66 per share of Series E
plus any declared but unpaid dividends and (b) the amount
per share of common stock which holders of Series E would
have received if such holders had converted their shares into
common stock immediately prior to the liquidation event; and
(ii) the holders of Series F are entitled to receive,
prior and in preference to any distribution to the holders of
Series A, Series B, Series C, Series D, and
common stock, the greater of (a) $7.08 per share of
Series F plus any declared but unpaid dividends and
(b) the amount per share of common stock which holders of
Series F would have received if such holders had converted
their shares into common stock immediately prior to the
liquidation event. If the amounts available to pay the
Series E and Series F shareholders (collectively
holders of Senior Preferred Stock) are insufficient
to pay the full amounts as described above, the assets shall be
distributed ratably to the holders of Senior Preferred Stock in
proportion to their full preferential amounts which they are
entitled to receive.
Upon satisfaction of the rights of the holders of Senior
Preferred Stock, the holders of Series A, Series B,
Series C, and Series D (collectively holders of
Junior Preferred Stock) are entitled to receive, prior and
in preference to any distribution to the holders of common
stock, the greater of (a) $1.16 per share of
Series A plus any unpaid dividends, $1.4966 per share
of Series B plus any unpaid dividends, $3.7415 per
share of Series C plus any unpaid dividends and
$3.7415 per share of Series D plus any unpaid
dividends and (b) the amount per share of common stock
which holders of Junior Preferred Stock would have received if
such holders had converted their shares into common stock
immediately prior to the liquidation event. If the amounts
available to pay the holders of Junior Preferred Stock in full
are not enough, the assets shall be distributed ratably to all
holders of Junior Preferred Stock in proportion to their full
preferential amounts which they are entitled to receive.
Upon the occurrence of a consolidation, merger or acquisition of
the Company or a sale of all or substantially all of the assets
of the Company or a sale of a majority of the voting securities
of the Company in one transaction or a series of related
transactions, a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the
affairs of the Company shall be deemed to have occurred and the
holders of preferred stock shall be paid the liquidation amount
for their shares.
|
|
9. |
Note Receivable from Stockholder |
In May 1999, the Company issued a note receivable to a
consultant for the purchase of 200,000 common shares at
$0.24 per share. The note accrues interest on June 30
and December 31 at 8% per annum. Interest is payable
semiannually in arrears on June 30 and December 31 of
each year, and the principal is payable in full on the earlier
of May 15, 2005, or immediately prior to an initial public
offering. The remaining note receivable balance of $43,000 is
included as a reduction of stockholders equity at
December 31, 2004.
F-17
iROBOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
Under the Companys 1994 Stock Option Plan (the 1994
Plan), as amended, 8,785,465 shares of the
Companys common stock were reserved for issuance to
directors, officers, employees and consultants of the Company.
Options may be designated and granted as either Incentive
Stock Options or Nonstatutory Stock Options.
Eligibility for Incentive Stock Options (ISOs) is
limited to those individuals whose employment status would
qualify them for the tax treatment associated with ISOs in
accordance with the Internal Revenue Code. The 1994 Plan expired
November 16, 2004.
In October 2001, the Company adopted the 2001 Special Stock
Option Plan (the 2001 Plan). Under the 2001 Plan,
the Board authorized the issuance of options to purchase
642,310 shares of previously authorized common stock under
modified vesting requirements. The 2001 Plan is administered by
a Committee of the Board of Directors. Options granted to
employees under the 2001 Plan may be designated as ISOs or
Nonstatutory Stock Options. In 2004 and 2003, there were 571,405
and 40,000 options granted, respectively, under the 2001 Plan.
During 2004, the Company issued 25,899 and 371,685 restricted
shares of common stock under the 1994 Plan and 2001 Plan,
respectively, all of which were outstanding at December 31,
2004. Deferred compensation of $669,912 was recorded in
association with the issuance of these restricted shares, of
which $283,325 was expensed in 2004. The remaining balance of
$386,587 will be expensed in 2005 through 2007. Upon termination
of the stockholders business relationship with the
Company, per the terms of the restricted stock agreements, the
Company 1) shall purchase all unvested shares from the
stockholder at the price paid for them and 2) may purchase all
but not less than all of the stockholders vested shares at
the greater of i) the price paid for them and ii) the
product of the Fair Market Value (as defined in the 2001 Plan)
at the time of repurchase and the number of vested shares to be
repurchased.
Immediately upon expiration of the 1994 Plan, the Company
adopted the 2004 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the 2004
Plan). Under the 2004 Plan, 1,189,423 shares of the
Companys common stock were reserved for issuance to
directors, officers, employees and consultants of the Company.
In addition, stock options returned to the 1994 Plan, in
accordance therewith, after November 16, 2004, as a result
of the expiration, cancellation or termination, are
automatically made available for issuance under the 2004 Plan.
The aggregate number of shares that may be issued pursuant to
the 2004 Plan shall not exceed 3,695,223 shares. Options
may be designated and granted as either Incentive Stock
Options or Nonstatutory Stock Options.
Eligibility for ISOs is limited to those individuals whose
employment status would qualify them for the tax treatment
associated with ISOs in accordance with the Internal Revenue
Code.
Options granted under the 1994 Stock Option Plan, the 2001 Plan
and the 2004 Plan (the Plans) are subject to terms
and conditions as determined by the Compensation Committee of
the Board of Directors, including vesting periods. Options
granted under the Plans are exercisable in full at any time
subsequent to vesting, generally vest over periods from 0 to
5 years, and expire upon the earlier of 10 years from
the date of grant or 60 or 90 days from employee
termination. The exercise price for each ISO grant is determined
by the Board of Directors of the Company to be equal to the fair
value of the common stock on the date of grant. In reaching this
determination at the time of each such grant, the Board
considers a broad range of factors, including the illiquid
nature of an investment in the Companys common stock, the
Companys historical financial performance, the
Companys future prospects and the value of preferred stock
based on recent financing activities. The exercise price of
nonstatutory options may be set at a price other than the fair
market value of the common stock.
F-18
iROBOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
The Company applies APB 25 and related interpretations in
accounting for stock-based compensation.
Stock option plan activity is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of | |
|
Weighted Average | |
|
|
Shares | |
|
Exercise Price | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Outstanding at December 31, 2002
|
|
|
1,579,708 |
|
|
$ |
0.584 |
|
Granted
|
|
|
494,455 |
|
|
|
2.294 |
|
Exercised
|
|
|
(68,990 |
) |
|
|
0.171 |
|
Canceled
|
|
|
(21,715 |
) |
|
|
1.034 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2003
|
|
|
1,983,458 |
|
|
|
1.019 |
|
Granted
|
|
|
1,544,959 |
|
|
|
2.170 |
|
Exercised
|
|
|
(768,707 |
) |
|
|
0.737 |
|
Canceled
|
|
|
(154,710 |
) |
|
|
1.790 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2004
|
|
|
2,605,000 |
|
|
|
1.770 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average fair value of options granted during 2004
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
0.416 |
|
Options available for future grant at December 31, 2004
|
|
|
290,973 |
|
|
|
|
|
The following table summarizes information about stock options
outstanding at December 31, 2004:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding | |
|
|
|
Options Exercisable | |
|
|
|
|
Weighted | |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Average | |
|
Weighted | |
|
|
|
Weighted | |
|
|
|
|
Remaining | |
|
Average | |
|
|
|
Average | |
|
|
Number | |
|
Contractual | |
|
Exercise | |
|
Number | |
|
Exercise | |
Exercise Price |
|
Outstanding | |
|
Life | |
|
Price | |
|
Exercisable | |
|
Price | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
$0.0002
|
|
|
378,710 |
|
|
|
2.52 |
years |
|
$ |
0.0002 |
|
|
|
378,710 |
|
|
$ |
0.0002 |
|
0.24
|
|
|
191,380 |
|
|
|
4.25 |
|
|
|
0.24 |
|
|
|
191,380 |
|
|
|
0.24 |
|
0.50
|
|
|
7,940 |
|
|
|
4.93 |
|
|
|
0.50 |
|
|
|
7,940 |
|
|
|
0.50 |
|
0.55
|
|
|
247,038 |
|
|
|
7.97 |
|
|
|
0.55 |
|
|
|
58,018 |
|
|
|
0.55 |
|
1.87
|
|
|
219,028 |
|
|
|
5.96 |
|
|
|
1.87 |
|
|
|
166,278 |
|
|
|
1.87 |
|
2.33
|
|
|
901,654 |
|
|
|
8.96 |
|
|
|
2.33 |
|
|
|
201,333 |
|
|
|
2.33 |
|
2.78
|
|
|
614,675 |
|
|
|
9.55 |
|
|
|
2.78 |
|
|
|
2,050 |
|
|
|
2.78 |
|
4.60
|
|
|
44,575 |
|
|
|
9.92 |
|
|
|
4.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$0.0002-$4.60
|
|
|
2,605,000 |
|
|
|
7.48 |
|
|
$ |
1.770 |
|
|
|
1,005,709 |
|
|
$ |
0.863 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Company has historically granted stock options at exercise
prices that equaled the fair value of its common stock as
estimated by its board of directors, with input from management,
as of the date of grant. Because there has been no public market
for the Companys common stock, its board of directors
determined the fair value of its common stock by considering a
number of objective and subjective factors, including the
Companys operating and financial performance and corporate
milestones, the prices at which it sold shares of convertible
preferred stock, the superior rights and preferences of
securities senior to its common stock at the time of each grant,
and the risk and non-liquid nature of its common stock. The
Company has not historically obtained contemporaneous valuations
by an unrelated valuation specialist because, at the time of the
issuances of stock options, the Company believed its estimates
of the fair value of its common stock to be reasonable based on
the foregoing factors.
In connection with this proposed initial public offering, the
Company retrospectively assessed the fair value of its common
stock for options granted during the period from July 1,
2004 to July 2, 2005. In
F-19
iROBOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
reassessing the fair value of the shares of common stock
underlying the equity awards granted during this period, the
Companys board of directors considered the factors used in
its historical determinations of fair value, as well as the
likelihood of a liquidity event, such as an initial public
offering, at the time of grant and feedback received from
investment banks in discussions, beginning in 2005, relating to
an initial public offering.
During the period from July 1, 2004 to December 31,
2004, the Company issued stock options to purchase an aggregate
of 432,000 shares of common stock, of which options to
purchase 387,425 shares were granted from July 1, 2004
to November 10, 2004 at an exercise price of $2.78 per
share and options to purchase 44,575 shares were granted
from November 11, 2004 to December 31, 2004 at an
exercise price of $4.60 per share. The increase in the
Companys estimated per share fair value of common stock
during this period primarily reflects the increased valuation as
indicated by the increased price at which it sold shares of
convertible preferred stock to a new investor in
November 2004 as compared to sales of convertible preferred
stock in March 2003.
For the period from January 1, 2005 to July 2, 2005,
the Company issued stock options to purchase an aggregate of
577,775 shares of common stock, of which options to
purchase 121,850 shares were granted from January 1,
2005 to February 7, 2005 with an exercise price of $4.60
per share and options to purchase 455,925 shares were
granted from February 8, 2005 to July 2, 2005 with an
exercise price of $4.96 per share. As a result of the
Companys retrospective assessment of the valuation of our
common stock, the board of directors determined that an increase
in the estimated fair value of its common stock since the
beginning of 2005 was necessary and supported by the factors
discussed above. The Company noted that the fair value of the
shares subject to the equity awards granted during this period,
as determined by its board of directors at the time of grant,
were less than the preliminary post-offering valuations
discussed with investment banks during the second quarter of
2005. The board of directors also noted several corporate
milestones that occurred during the period including the
increase in the Companys revenue over comparable prior
periods, the award of additional government contracts, increased
funding on its existing projects, the announcement of its Scooba
floor washing robot, the introduction of its PackBot Explorer
robot and the enhancement of the Companys management team.
Accordingly, as set forth in the table below, the Company
determined that the fair value of its common stock increased
ratably from $4.60 at December 31, 2004 to approximately
$10.00 per share as of July 2, 2005. Based upon this
determination, the Company recorded deferred compensation
expense of approximately $1.3 million in the six months
ended July 2, 2005. This deferred expense will be amortized
ratably over the vesting periods of the underlying options.
The following table summarizes stock options granted for the
period from July 1, 2004 to July 2, 2005:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted | |
|
Weighted | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average | |
|
Average | |
|
|
|
Deferred Stock | |
|
|
|
|
# of Shares | |
|
Exercise | |
|
Reassessed | |
|
Intrinsic | |
|
Based | |
Grant Dates |
|
Period | |
|
Granted | |
|
Price | |
|
Fair Value | |
|
Value | |
|
Compensation | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
7/1/04-9/30/04
|
|
|
Q3-04 |
|
|
|
306,675 |
|
|
$ |
2.7800 |
0 |
|
$ |
2.78000 |
|
|
$ |
0.00000 |
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
10/1/04-12/31/04
|
|
|
Q4-04 |
|
|
|
125,325 |
|
|
$ |
3.4273 |
3 |
|
$ |
3.42733 |
|
|
$ |
0.00000 |
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
1/1/05-3/31/05
|
|
|
Q1-05 |
|
|
|
555,625 |
|
|
$ |
4.8810 |
5 |
|
$ |
6.98110 |
|
|
$ |
2.1005 |
|
|
$ |
1,166,842 |
|
4/1/05-7/2/05
|
|
|
Q2-05 |
|
|
|
22,150 |
|
|
$ |
4.9600 |
0 |
|
$ |
10.05749 |
|
|
$ |
5.09749 |
|
|
$ |
112,909 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,009,775 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
1,279,751 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pursuant to a 1998 development agreement, the Company granted to
Hasbro, Inc. warrants to purchase 1,114,115 shares of
common stock. Warrants to purchase 481,095 common shares at
$2.08 per share (the Initial Warrant) were
immediately exercisable and were scheduled to expire on
October 30, 2003. The
F-20
iROBOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
warrants included a put option which allows the holder to
require cash settlement of the warrant by the Company at a price
equal to the difference between the fair market value and the
exercise price of the warrants on that date. The fair value of
the warrants granted was determined to be approximately $7,000
using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the Company
recorded the full value of these warrants as research and
development expense in 1998. In accordance with Emerging Issues
Task Force Issue No. 88-9, Put Warrants, the Company
recorded the fair value of the instrument as a liability and
subsequently adjusts the value of the warrants to the highest
redemption price of the warrant.
Warrants to purchase up to 633,020 common shares at
$1.97 per share (the Additional Warrant) were
scheduled to become exercisable beginning 30 days prior to
a public offering or a change in control, subject to the
occurrence of certain events, and ending immediately prior to
the public offering or change in control. The fair value of
these warrants on the date they first became exercisable would
have been charged to expense at that time.
On October 30, 2003, Hasbro provided notice to the Company
that it intended to exercise the Initial Warrant, and iRobot
issued to Hasbro 51,619 shares. On December 19, 2003,
pursuant to a Stock Repurchase and Warrant Termination
Agreement, iRobot repurchased 51,619 shares of Company
common stock for $120,272, in exchange for final termination of
the Initial Warrant and the Additional Warrant.
Under the terms of the January 30, 2003 Credit Agreement
with a bank (Note 6), the Company issued warrants to the
bank to purchase 18,000 shares of common stock at an
approximate exercise price of $3.74 per share. The warrants
are subject to certain adjustments and may be exercised at any
time until January 29, 2010. The estimated fair value of
the warrants of $22,312 was determined using the Black-Scholes
option-pricing model. For this purpose, the Company assumed a
risk-free rate of return of 3.12%; an expected life of
2 years; 100% volatility and no dividends. The Company
recorded the estimated fair value of the warrants as additional
paid-in-capital and other assets and amortized the fair value to
interest expense over the eleven months outstanding under the
Credit Agreement in 2003.
The components of income tax expense were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Current
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
33,285 |
|
|
$ |
89,794 |
|
|
State
|
|
|
14,695 |
|
|
|
2,942 |
|
|
|
54,381 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
14,695 |
|
|
$ |
36,227 |
|
|
$ |
144,175 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The components of net deferred tax assets are as follows at
December 31, 2004 and 2003:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Deferred tax asset
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net operating loss carryforwards
|
|
$ |
4,997,578 |
|
|
$ |
5,184,200 |
|
|
Tax credits
|
|
|
735,387 |
|
|
|
1,019,900 |
|
|
Reserves and accruals
|
|
|
5,313,241 |
|
|
|
5,228,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total deferred tax asset
|
|
|
11,046,206 |
|
|
|
11,432,100 |
|
Valuation allowance
|
|
|
(11,046,206 |
) |
|
|
(11,432,100 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net deferred tax asset
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-21
iROBOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
The Company has provided a full valuation allowance for the
deferred tax assets since it is more likely than not that these
future benefits will not be realized. If the Company achieves
future profitability, a significant portion of these deferred
tax assets could be available to offset future income taxes. Of
the $11,432,100 valuation allowance at December 31, 2004,
$31,600 relating to deductions for stock option compensation
will be credited to additional paid-in capital upon realization.
At December 31, 2004, the Company had available net
operating loss carryforwards for federal and state purposes of
$13,086,400 and $11,719,707, respectively. The federal net
operating loss carryforwards expire at various dates from 2020
through 2024. The state net operating loss carryforwards began
to expire in 2005. The Company also had available research and
development credit carryforwards to offset future federal and
state taxes of $623,500 and $472,900, respectively, which expire
at various dates from 2012 through 2024. Under the Internal
Revenue Code, certain substantial changes in the Companys
ownership could result in an annual limitation of the amount of
net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards which can be
utilized in future years.
The reconciliation of the expected tax (benefit) expense
(computed by applying the federal statutory rate to income
before income taxes) to actual tax expense was as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Expected federal income tax
|
|
$ |
(3,770,898 |
) |
|
$ |
(2,521,382 |
) |
|
$ |
123,531 |
|
Permanent items
|
|
|
5,914 |
|
|
|
21,874 |
|
|
|
45,112 |
|
State taxes
|
|
|
(551,993 |
) |
|
|
(411,920 |
) |
|
|
(302,183 |
) |
Credits
|
|
|
75,011 |
|
|
|
(165,387 |
) |
|
|
(165,600 |
) |
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
57,488 |
|
Increase in valuation allowance
|
|
|
4,256,661 |
|
|
|
3,113,042 |
|
|
|
385,827 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
14,695 |
|
|
$ |
36,227 |
|
|
$ |
144,175 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13. |
Commitments and Contingencies |
The Company has received a letter from a UK Government agency
(the Customer) dated February 9, 2004,
attempting to terminate a contract for the design, development,
production and support of a number of man-portable remote
control vehicles for use in explosive ordnance disposal
operations. The Company entered into the contract on
May 23, 2001, and has substantially completed the product
design and development phase of the work. The Company received
payments based upon achieving a number of contract milestones
and has recognized revenue based on progress under the
percentage-of-completion method of accounting. In addition to
the milestone payments, the Customer has advanced the Company
funds to purchase long-lead inventory components in advance of
the production contemplated in the contract. The Company has
been paid 3,673,843 Great Britain Pounds (approximately
$7.0 million at the current exchange rate), which includes
671,848 Great Britain Pounds (approximately $1.3 million)
for long-lead inventory items. In its termination letter, the
Customer has demanded a refund of all monies paid under the
contract. The Company has engaged legal counsel in anticipation
of a negotiated settlement with the Customer. Management
believes that it has adequately provided for the possibility of
refunding some portion of the payments made to date under the
contract.
F-22
iROBOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
The Company leases its facilities and certain equipment. Rental
expense under operating leases for 2004, 2003 and 2002 amounted
to $934,482, $1,101,384 and $486,612, for facilities and $926,
$20,001 and $22,998 for equipment, respectively. Future minimum
rental payments under operating leases were as follows as of
December 31, 2004:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating Leases | |
|
|
| |
2005
|
|
$ |
929,180 |
|
2006
|
|
|
771,989 |
|
2007
|
|
|
746,630 |
|
2008
|
|
|
766,394 |
|
2009
|
|
|
|
|
Thereafter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total minimum lease payments
|
|
$ |
3,214,193 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Guarantees and Indemnification Obligations |
The Company enters into standard indemnification agreements in
the ordinary course of business. Pursuant to these agreements,
the Company indemnifies and agrees to reimburse the indemnified
party for losses incurred by the indemnified party, generally
the Companys customers, in connection with any patent,
copyright, trade secret or other proprietary right infringement
claim by any third party with respect to the Companys
software. The term of these indemnification agreements is
generally perpetual any time after execution of the agreement.
The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company
could be required to make under these indemnification agreements
is unlimited. The Company has never incurred costs to defend
lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification
agreements. As a result, the Company believes the estimated fair
value of these agreements is minimal. Accordingly, the Company
has no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of
December 31, 2004.
The Company provides warranties on most products and has
established a reserve for warranty based on identified warranty
costs. The reserve is included as part of accrued expenses
(Note 5) in the accompanying balance sheets. The
rollforward of activity in the warranty accrual for the year
ending December 31, 2004 is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2002
|
|
$ |
8,063 |
|
Provisions
|
|
|
1,514,165 |
|
Warranty settlements
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2003
|
|
|
1,522,228 |
|
Provisions
|
|
|
1,277,811 |
|
Warranty settlements
|
|
|
(1,401,657 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2004
|
|
|
1,398,382 |
|
Provisions
|
|
|
2,144,127 |
|
Warranty settlements
|
|
|
(1,514,084 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Balance, July 2, 2005 (unaudited)
|
|
$ |
2,028,425 |
|
|
|
|
|
F-23
iROBOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
At December 31, 2004 and 2003, cash totaling $82,000 was
pledged as security for outstanding letters of credit or certain
operating leases and was included as a component of other assets
in the accompanying balance sheets.
The Company sponsors a retirement plan under Section 401(k)
of the Internal Revenue Code (the Retirement Plan).
All Company employees, with the exception of temporary and
contract employees, are eligible to participate in the
Retirement Plan after satisfying age and length of service
requirements prescribed by the plan. Under the Retirement Plan,
employees may make tax-deferred contributions, and the Company,
at its sole discretion, and subject to the limits prescribed by
the IRS, may make either a nonelective contribution on behalf of
all eligible employees or a matching contribution on behalf of
all plan participants.
The Company elected to make a matching contribution of
approximately $267,000, $186,000 and $172,000 for the plan years
ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 (Plan-Year
2004, Plan-Year 2003 and Plan-Year
2002), respectively. The employer contribution represents
a matching contribution at a rate of 50% of each employees
first six percent contribution. Accordingly, each employee
participating during Plan-Year 2004, Plan-Year 2003 and
Plan-Year 2002 is entitled up to a maximum of three percent of
his or her eligible annual payroll. The employer matching
contribution for Plan-Year 2004 was paid into the Retirement
Plan in March 2005.
|
|
15. |
Related Party Transactions |
The Company entered into a research and development contract
with Intelligent Inspection Corporation
(IIC) effective November 1999 whereby IIC
agreed to pay costs incurred by the Company plus a fixed fee of
10%. Revenue from IIC was approximately $1.2 million during
2002. The Company has entered into subsequent agreements with
similar terms. In December 2002, the officers and directors of
the Company holding 22% of the outstanding voting stock
of IIC donated their shares to a third party as a
charitable contribution. At December 31, 2003, the Company
owns approximately 6% of the outstanding voting stock
of IIC.
For all periods presented, the Company has not recorded any
losses related to the investment in IIC because the
carrying value of the Companys investment in IIC has
been zero and the Company has no obligation to fund IIC.
As of December 31, 2003, the Company had $121,364 of
outstanding receivables from IIC, of which 100% was
reserved as uncollectible. Operations of IIC have been
suspended. During 2004, the Company wrote off this outstanding
receivable and no longer maintains any related party
transactions.
|
|
16. |
Business Segment Information |
The Company operates in two reportable segments, the consumer
business and government and industrial business. The nature of
products and types of customers for the two segments vary
significantly. As such, the segments are managed separately.
The Companys consumer business offers products through a
network of retail businesses throughout the U.S. and to certain
countries through international distributors. The Companys
consumer segment includes mobile robots used in the maintenance
of domestic households sold primarily to retail outlets.
F-24
iROBOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
|
Government and Industrial |
The Companys government and industrial division offers
products through a small U.S. government-focused sales
force, while products are sold to a limited number of countries
other than the United States through international distribution.
The Companys government and industrial products are robots
used by various U.S. and foreign governments, primarily for
reconnaissance and bomb disposal missions.
In 2002, the Company consisted of numerous, small units that
were not operating in any clearly defined business segments. It
would not be practicable to prepare 2002 revenue and cost of
revenue on a basis comparable to the segment data in 2003, 2004
and 2005.
The table below presents segment information about revenue, cost
of revenue, gross profit and income (loss) before income taxes:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended | |
|
Six Months Ended | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
December 31, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
June 30, | |
|
|
|
|
2002 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2004 | |
|
July 2, 2005 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) | |
Revenue:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consumer
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
43,073,149 |
|
|
$ |
71,332,584 |
|
|
$ |
19,400,585 |
|
|
$ |
19,573,344 |
|
|
Government & Industrial
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,243,003 |
|
|
|
23,231,496 |
|
|
|
8,777,533 |
|
|
|
23,383,198 |
|
|
Other
|
|
|
14,816,508 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
479,069 |
|
|
|
431,430 |
|
|
|
62,037 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenue
|
|
|
14,816,508 |
|
|
|
54,316,152 |
|
|
|
95,043,149 |
|
|
|
28,609,548 |
|
|
|
43,018,579 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of revenue:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consumer
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
27,386,629 |
|
|
|
48,281,833 |
|
|
|
12,279,393 |
|
|
|
14,497,592 |
|
|
Government & Industrial
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,950,231 |
|
|
|
19,307,902 |
|
|
|
7,537,198 |
|
|
|
18,034,011 |
|
|
Other
|
|
|
16,756,635 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
101,990 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(11,118 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total cost of revenue
|
|
|
16,756,635 |
|
|
|
37,336,860 |
|
|
|
67,691,725 |
|
|
|
19,816,591 |
|
|
|
32,520,485 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit (loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consumer
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15,686,520 |
|
|
|
23,050,751 |
|
|
|
7,121,192 |
|
|
|
5,075,752 |
|
|
Government & Industrial
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,292,772 |
|
|
|
3,923,594 |
|
|
|
1,240,335 |
|
|
|
5,349,187 |
|
|
Other
|
|
|
(1,940,127 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
377,079 |
|
|
|
431,430 |
|
|
|
73,155 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total gross profit
|
|
|
(1,940,127 |
) |
|
|
16,979,292 |
|
|
|
27,351,424 |
|
|
|
8,792,957 |
|
|
|
10,498,094 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
1,735,831 |
|
|
|
3,848,010 |
|
|
|
5,504,321 |
|
|
|
2,563,083 |
|
|
|
5,712,525 |
|
Selling, general and administrative
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
7,128,105 |
|
|
|
20,521,298 |
|
|
|
21,404,106 |
|
|
|
9,188,128 |
|
|
|
12,061,316 |
|
Stock-based compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
90,489 |
|
Other (expense) income, net
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
44,764 |
|
|
|
15,282 |
|
|
|
(79,762 |
) |
|
|
(41,069 |
) |
|
|
211,000 |
|
Income (loss) before income taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
$ |
(10,759,299 |
) |
|
$ |
(7,374,734 |
) |
|
$ |
363,235 |
|
|
$ |
(2,999,323 |
) |
|
$ |
(7,155,236 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-25
iROBOT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
On May 26, 2005, the Company obtained a working capital
line of credit with a bank under which the Company can borrow up
to $20.0 million, including a $2.0 million sub-limit
for equipment financing. Interest accrues at a variable rate
based on prime or published LIBOR rates. The line expires on
May 26, 2007 at which time all advances will be immediately
due and payable. Borrowings are secured by substantially all of
the Companys assets other than its intellectual property.
Under the terms of this credit facility, the Company is required
to comply with certain financial covenants.
F-26
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
|
|
Item 13. |
Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution. |
The following table sets forth the costs and expenses, other
than the underwriting discount, payable by us in connection with
the sale of common stock being registered. All amounts are
estimated except the SEC registration fee and the NASD filing
fees.
|
|
|
|
|
|
SEC registration fee
|
|
$ |
13,536 |
|
NASD filing fee
|
|
|
12,000 |
|
NASDAQ National Market listing fee
|
|
|
100,000 |
|
Printing and engraving expenses
|
|
|
* |
|
Legal fees and expenses
|
|
|
* |
|
Accounting fees and expenses
|
|
|
* |
|
Blue Sky fees and expenses (including legal fees)
|
|
|
* |
|
Transfer agent and registrar fees and expenses
|
|
|
* |
|
Miscellaneous
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$ |
* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
To be filed by amendment. |
|
|
Item 14. |
Indemnification of Directors and Officers. |
Section 145(a) of the Delaware General Corporation Law
provides, in general, that a corporation may indemnify any
person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party
to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or
proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or
investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the
corporation), because he or she is or was a director, officer,
employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at
the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee
or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture,
trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including
attorneys fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in
settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the person in
connection with such action, suit or proceeding, if he or she
acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably
believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the
corporation and, with respect to any criminal action or
proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her
conduct was unlawful.
Section 145(b) of the Delaware General Corporation Law
provides, in general, that a corporation may indemnify any
person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party
to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in
the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor
because the person is or was a director, officer, employee or
agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of
the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of
another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other
enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys fees)
actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection
with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if he or
she acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably
believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the
corporation, except that no indemnification shall be made with
respect to any claim, issue or matter as to which he or she
shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless
and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or other
adjudicating court determines that, despite the adjudication of
liability but in view of all of the circumstances of the case,
he or she is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for
such expenses which the Court of Chancery or other adjudicating
court shall deem proper.
Section 145(g) of the Delaware General Corporation Law
provides, in general, that a corporation may purchase and
maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a
director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is
or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director,
officer, employee or agent of
II-1
another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other
enterprise against any liability asserted against such person
and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out
of his or her status as such, whether or not the corporation
would have the power to indemnify the person against such
liability under Section 145 of the Delaware General
Corporation Law.
Article VII of our amended and restated certificate of
incorporation (the Charter), provides that no
director of our company shall be personally liable to us or our
stockholders for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary
duty as a director, except for liability (1) for any breach
of the directors duty of loyalty to us or our
stockholders, (2) for acts or omissions not in good faith
or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation
of law, (3) in respect of unlawful dividend payments or
stock redemptions or repurchases, or (4) for any
transaction from which the director derived an improper personal
benefit. In addition, our Charter provides that if the Delaware
General Corporation Law is amended to authorize the further
elimination or limitation of the liability of directors, then
the liability of a director of our company shall be eliminated
or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware
General Corporation Law, as so amended.
Article VII of the Charter further provides that any repeal
or modification of such article by our stockholders or an
amendment to the Delaware General Corporation Law will not
adversely affect any right or protection existing at the time of
such repeal or modification with respect to any acts or
omissions occurring before such repeal or modification of a
director serving at the time of such repeal or modification.
Article V of our amended and restated by-laws (the
By-Laws), provides that we will indemnify each of
our directors and officers and, in the discretion of our board
of directors, certain employees, to the fullest extent permitted
by the Delaware General Corporation Law as the same may be
amended (except that in the case of an amendment, only to the
extent that the amendment permits us to provide broader
indemnification rights than the Delaware General Corporation Law
permitted us to provide prior to such the amendment) against any
and all expenses, judgments, penalties, fines and amounts
reasonably paid in settlement that are incurred by the director,
officer or such employee or on the directors,
officers or employees behalf in connection with any
threatened, pending or completed proceeding or any claim, issue
or matter therein, to which he or she is or is threatened to be
made a party because he or she is or was serving as a director,
officer or employee of our company, or at our request as a
director, partner, trustee, officer, employee or agent of
another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee
benefit plan or other enterprise, if he or she acted in good
faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or
not opposed to the best interests of our company and, with
respect to any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to
believe his or her conduct was unlawful. Article V of the
By-Laws further provides for the advancement of expenses to each
of our directors and, in the discretion of the board of
directors, to certain officers and employees.
In addition, Article V of the By-Laws provides that the
right of each of our directors and officers to indemnification
and advancement of expenses shall be a contract right and shall
not be exclusive of any other right now possessed or hereafter
acquired under any statute, provision of the Charter or By-Laws,
agreement, vote of stockholders or otherwise. Furthermore,
Article V of the By-Laws authorizes us to provide insurance
for our directors, officers and employees, against any
liability, whether or not we would have the power to indemnify
such person against such liability under the Delaware General
Corporation Law or the provisions of Article V of the
By-Laws.
In connection with the sale of common stock being registered
hereby, we intend to enter into indemnification agreements with
each of our directors and our executive officers. These
agreements will provide that we will indemnify each of our
directors and such officers to the fullest extent permitted by
law and the Charter and By-Laws.
We also maintain a general liability insurance policy which
covers certain liabilities of directors and officers of our
company arising out of claims based on acts or omissions in
their capacities as directors or officers.
In any underwriting agreement we enter into in connection with
the sale of common stock being registered hereby, the
underwriters will agree to indemnify, under certain conditions,
us, our directors, our
II-2
officers and persons who control us within the meaning of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, against certain liabilities.
|
|
Item 15. |
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities. |
In the three years preceding the filing of this registration
statement, we have issued the following securities that were not
registered under the Securities Act:
|
|
(a) |
Issuances of Capital Stock. |
In February, March and May 2003, we issued and sold an aggregate
of 2,799,353 shares of our Series E convertible
preferred stock to 30 investors for an aggregate purchase price
of $13,044,985.
In November 2004, we issued and sold an aggregate of
1,412,430 shares of our Series F convertible preferred
stock to 38 investors for an aggregate purchase price of
$10,000,004.
No underwriters were used in the foregoing transactions. All
sales of securities described above were made in reliance upon
the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(2) of
the Securities Act (and/or Regulation D promulgated
thereunder) for transactions by an issuer not involving a public
offering. All of the foregoing securities are deemed restricted
securities for the purposes of the Securities Act.
|
|
(b) |
Grants and Exercises of Stock Options. |
Since July 2, 2002, we have granted stock options to
purchase 2,672,010 shares of common stock with
exercise prices ranging from $0.55 to $4.96 per share, to
employees, directors and consultants pursuant to our stock
option plans. Of these options, 359,510 have been exercised for
an aggregate consideration of $535,909 as of July 2, 2005.
The issuance of common stock upon exercise of the options was
exempt either pursuant to Rule 701, as a transaction
pursuant to a compensatory benefit plan, or pursuant to
Section 4(2), as a transaction by an issuer not involving a
public offering. The common stock issued upon exercise of
options are deemed restricted securities for the purposes of the
Securities Act.
In January 2003, we issued a warrant to Silicon Valley Bank to
purchase up to 18,000 shares of common stock at an exercise
price of $3.7415 per share for an aggregate purchase price
of $1.00 in connection with a financing agreement entered into
with Silicon Valley Bank. This issuance was made in reliance
upon the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(2) of
the Securities Act (and/ or Regulation D promulgated
thereunder) for transactions by an issuer not involving a public
offering. The common stock issued upon exercise of the warrant
are deemed restricted securities for the purposes of the
Securities Act.
(a) See the Exhibit Index on the page immediately
preceding the exhibits for a list of exhibits filed as part of
this registration statement on Form S-1, which
Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by reference.
(b) Financial Statement Schedules
None.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the
underwriter at the closing specified in the underwriting
agreements, certificates in such denominations and registered in
such names as required by the underwriter to permit prompt
delivery to each purchaser.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the
Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers
and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the
foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been
advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange
Commission such
II-3
indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the
Act, and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim
for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the
payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a
director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the
successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is
asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in
connection with the securities being registered, the registrant
will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been
settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of
appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such
indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in
the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such
issue.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:
|
|
|
(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the
Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of
prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in
reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of
prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to
Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities
Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as
of the time it was declared effective. |
|
|
(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the
Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that
contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new
registration statement relating to the securities offered
therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall
be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
II-4
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the
registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be
signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly
authorized, in the City of Burlington, Commonwealth of
Massachusetts on September 30, 2005.
|
|
|
|
|
Colin M. Angle |
|
Chief Executive Officer and Director |
We, the undersigned directors and officers of iRobot Corporation
(the Company), hereby severally constitute and
appoint Colin M. Angle, Helen Greiner, Geoffrey P. Clear and
Gerald C. Kent, Jr., and each of them singly, our true and
lawful attorneys, with full power to them, and to each of them
singly, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities
indicated below, the registration statement on Form S-1
filed herewith, and any and all pre-effective and post-effective
amendments to said registration statement, and any registration
statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in connection with the
registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, of
equity securities of the Company, and to file or cause to be
filed the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in
connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange
Commission, granting unto said attorneys, and each of them, full
power and authority to do and perform each and every act and
thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection
therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as each of them
might or could do in person, and hereby ratifying and confirming
all that said attorneys, and each of them, or their substitute
or substitutes, shall do or cause to be done by virtue of this
Power of Attorney.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this
registration statement has been signed by the following persons
in the capacities indicated on September 30, 2005:
|
|
|
|
|
Signature |
|
Title(s) |
|
|
|
|
/s/ Helen Greiner
Helen
Greiner |
|
Chairman of the Board |
|
|
/s/ Colin M. Angle
Colin
M. Angle |
|
Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer) |
|
/s/ Geoffrey P. Clear
Geoffrey
P. Clear |
|
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial
Officer and Treasurer
(Principal Financial Officer) |
|
/s/ Gerald C. Kent, Jr.
Gerald
C. Kent, Jr. |
|
Vice President and Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer) |
|
/s/ Ronald Chwang
Ronald
Chwang |
|
Director |
|
/s/ Jacques S. Gansler
Jacques
S. Gansler |
|
Director |
II-5
|
|
|
|
|
Signature |
|
Title(s) |
|
|
|
|
/s/ Rodney A. Brooks
Rodney
A. Brooks |
|
Director |
|
/s/ Andrea Geisser
Andrea
Geisser |
|
Director |
|
/s/ George C. McNamee
George
C. McNamee |
|
Director |
|
/s/ Peter Meekin
Peter
Meekin |
|
Director |
II-6
EXHIBIT INDEX
|
|
|
|
|
Number |
|
Description |
|
|
|
|
1 |
.1* |
|
Form of Underwriting Agreement |
|
3 |
.1** |
|
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the
Registrant |
|
3 |
.2** |
|
Form of Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
of the Registrant (to be effective upon the completion of the
offering) |
|
3 |
.3** |
|
Amended and Restated By-laws of the Registrant |
|
4 |
.1* |
|
Specimen Stock Certificate for shares of the Registrants
Common Stock |
|
4 |
.2* |
|
Shareholder Rights Agreement between the Registrant and
Computershare Trust Company, Inc., as the Rights Agent |
|
5 |
.1* |
|
Opinion of Goodwin Procter LLP |
|
10 |
.1** |
|
Fifth Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement by and
among the Registrant, the Investors and the Stockholders named
therein, dated as of November 10, 2004 |
|
10 |
.2 |
|
Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and its
Directors and Executive Officers |
|
10 |
.3** |
|
Registrants 2005 Incentive Compensation Plan |
|
10 |
.4** |
|
Amended and Restated 1994 Stock Plan and forms of agreements
thereunder |
|
10 |
.5* |
|
Amended and Restated 2001 Special Stock Option Plan and forms of
agreements thereunder |
|
10 |
.6** |
|
Amended and Restated 2004 Stock Option and Incentive Plan and
forms of agreements thereunder |
|
10 |
.7** |
|
Lease Agreement between the Registrant and Burlington Crossing
Office LLC for the premises located at 63 South Avenue,
Burlington, Massachusetts, dated as of October 29, 2002, as
amended |
|
10 |
.8** |
|
Warrant to Purchase Common Stock of the Registrant issued to
Silicon Valley Bank, dated as of January 30, 2003 |
|
10 |
.9** |
|
Loan and Security Agreement between the Registrant and Fleet
National Bank, dated as of May 26, 2005 |
|
10 |
.10* |
|
Employment Agreement between the Registrant and Colin Angle,
dated as of January 1, 1997 |
|
10 |
.11* |
|
Employment Agreement between the Registrant and Helen Greiner,
dated as of January 1, 1997 |
|
10 |
.12* |
|
Employment Agreement between the Registrant and Geoffrey P.
Clear, dated as of March 28, 2003 |
|
10 |
.13* |
|
Employment Agreement between the Registrant and Joseph W. Dyer,
dated as of February 18, 2004 |
|
10 |
.14* |
|
Employment Agreement between the Registrant and Gregory F.
White, dated as of February 18, 2004 |
|
10 |
.15* |
|
Independent Contractor Agreement between the Registrant and
Rodney Brooks, dated as of December 30, 2002 |
|
10 |
.16** |
|
Government Contract DAAE07-03-9-F001 (Small Unmanned Ground
Vehicle) |
|
10 |
.17** |
|
Government Contract N00174-03-D-0003 (Man Transportable Robotic
System) |
|
10 |
.18 |
|
2005 Stock Option and Incentive Plan and forms of agreements
thereunder |
|
10 |
.19#** |
|
Manufacturing and Services Agreement between the Registrant and
Gem City Engineering Corporation, dated as of July 27, 2004 |
|
10 |
.20* |
|
Non-Employee Directors Deferred Compensation Program |
|
23 |
.1* |
|
Consent of Goodwin Procter LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1) |
|
23 |
.2 |
|
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP |
|
24 |
.1 |
|
Power of Attorney (included in page II-5) |
|
|
* |
To be filed by amendment. |
|
|
** |
Previously filed. |
|
|
Indicates a management contract or any compensatory plan,
contract or arrangement. |
|
|
# |
Confidential treatment requested for portions of this document. |
Exhibit 10.2
INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT
This Agreement made and entered into this ____ day of ______, (the
"Agreement"), by and between iRobot Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the
"Company," which term shall include, where appropriate, any Entity (as
hereinafter defined) controlled, directly or indirectly, by the Company) and
____________ (the "Indemnitee"):
WHEREAS, it is essential to the Company that it be able to retain and
attract as directors and executive officers the most capable persons available;
WHEREAS, increased corporate litigation has subjected directors and
executive officers to litigation risks and expenses, and the limitations on the
availability of directors and officers liability insurance have made it
increasingly difficult for the Company to attract and retain such persons;
WHEREAS, the Company's By-laws (the "By-laws") require it to indemnify
its directors and executive officers to the fullest extent permitted by law and
permit it to make other indemnification arrangements and agreements;
WHEREAS, the Company desires to provide Indemnitee with specific
contractual assurance of Indemnitee's rights to full indemnification against
litigation risks and expenses (regardless, among other things, of any amendment
to or revocation of the Company's Second Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation (the "Certificate of Incorporation") or By-laws or any change in
the ownership of the Company or the composition of its Board of Directors);
WHEREAS, the Company intends that this Agreement provide Indemnitee
with greater protection than that which is provided by the Company's By-laws;
and
WHEREAS, Indemnitee is relying upon the rights afforded under this
Agreement in becoming or continuing as a director or executive officer of the
Company.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and the covenants
contained herein, the Company and Indemnitee do hereby covenant and agree as
follows:
1. Definitions.
(a) "Corporate Status" describes the status of a person who
is serving or has served (i) as a director of the Company,
(ii) as an executive officer of the Company, (iii) in any
capacity with respect to any employee benefit plan of the
Company, or (iv) as a director, partner, trustee, officer,
employee, or agent of any other Entity at the request of the
Company. For purposes of subsection (iv) of this Section
1(a), if Indemnitee is serving or has served as a director,
partner, trustee,
1
officer, employee or agent of a Subsidiary, Indemnitee shall
be deemed to be serving at the request of the Company.
(b) "Entity" shall mean any corporation, partnership, limited
liability company, joint venture, trust, foundation,
association, organization or other legal entity.
(c) "Enterprise" shall mean the Company and any other
corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee
benefit plan or other enterprise of which Indemnitee is or
was serving at the request of the Company as a director,
officer, employee, agent or fiduciary.
(d) "Expenses" shall mean all fees, costs and expenses
incurred by Indemnitee in connection with any Proceeding (as
defined below), including, without limitation, attorneys'
fees, disbursements and retainers (including, without
limitation, any such fees, disbursements and retainers
incurred by Indemnitee pursuant to Sections 13 and 14(c) of
this Agreement), fees and disbursements of expert witnesses,
private investigators and professional advisors (including,
without limitation, accountants and investment bankers),
court costs, transcript costs, fees of experts, travel
expenses, duplicating, printing and binding costs, telephone
and fax transmission charges, postage, delivery services,
secretarial services, and other disbursements and expenses.
(e) "Indemnifiable Amounts" shall have the meaning ascribed
to that term in Section 3 below.
(f) "Liabilities" shall mean judgments, damages, liabilities,
losses, penalties, excise taxes, fines and amounts paid in
settlement.
(g) "Proceeding" shall mean any threatened, pending or
completed claim, action, suit, arbitration, alternate dispute
resolution process, investigation, administrative hearing,
appeal, or any other proceeding, whether civil, criminal,
administrative, arbitrative or investigative, whether formal
or informal, including a proceeding initiated by Indemnitee
pursuant to Section 13 of this Agreement to enforce
Indemnitee's rights hereunder.
(h) "Subsidiary" shall mean any corporation, partnership,
limited liability company, joint venture, trust or other
Entity of which the Company owns (either directly or through
or together with another Subsidiary of the Company) either (i)
a general partner, managing member or other similar interest
or (ii) (A) 50% or
2
more of the voting power of the voting capital equity
interests of such corporation, partnership, limited liability
company, joint venture or other Entity, or (B) 50% or more of
the outstanding voting capital stock or other voting equity
interests of such corporation, partnership, limited liability
company, joint venture or other Entity.
2. Services of Indemnitee. In consideration of the Company's covenants
and commitments hereunder, Indemnitee agrees to serve or continue to serve as a
director or executive officer of the Company. However, this Agreement shall not
impose any obligation on Indemnitee or the Company to continue Indemnitee's
service to the Company beyond any period otherwise required by law or by other
agreements or commitments of the parties, if any. Indemnitee may at any time
and for any reason resign from such position (subject to any other contractual
obligation or any obligation imposed by operation of law), upon which event the
Company shall have no obligation under this Agreement to continue Indemnitee in
such position. Notwithstanding the forgoing, this Agreement shall continue in
force after Indemnitee has ceased to serve as a director or executive officer
of the Company.
3. Indemnity in Third-Party Proceedings. The Company shall indemnify
Indemnitee in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3 if Indemnitee
is, or is threatened to be made, by reason of Indemnitee's Corporate Status, a
party to or a participant in any Proceeding, other than a Proceeding by or in
the right of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor. Pursuant to this
Section 3, Indemnitee shall be indemnified against all Expenses and Liabilities
actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on his behalf in connection
with such Proceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein (indemnifiable
Expenses and Liabilities collectively referred herein as "Indemnifiable
Amounts"), if Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably
believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company and, in
the case of a criminal Proceeding, had not reasonable cause to believe that his
conduct was unlawful. Indemnitee shall not enter into any settlement in
connection with a Proceeding without the consent of the Company, which shall
not be unreasonably held or delayed.
4. Indemnity in Proceedings by or in the Right of the Company. The
Company shall indemnify Indemnitee in accordance with the provisions of this
Section 4 if Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be made, by reason of
Indemnitee's Corporate Status, a party to or a participant in any Proceeding by
or in the right of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor. Pursuant to
this Section 4, Indemnitee shall be indemnified against all Expenses actually
and reasonably incurred by him or on his behalf in connection with such
Proceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein, if Indemnitee acted in good
faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the
best interests of the Company. No indemnification for Expenses shall be made
under this Section 4 in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which
Indemnitee shall have been finally adjudged by a court to be liable to the
Company, unless and only to the extent that the Delaware Court of Chancery (the
"Delaware Chancery Court") or any court in which the Proceeding was brought
shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability,
but in view of all the circumstances of the case, Indemnitee is fairly and
reasonably
3
entitled to indemnification for such Expenses as the Delaware Chancery Court or
such other court shall deem proper.
5. Indemnification for Expenses of a Party Who is Wholly or Partly
Successful. If Indemnitee is not wholly successful in such Proceeding but is
successful, on the merits or otherwise, as to one or more but less than all
claims, issues or matters in such Proceeding, the Company shall indemnify
Indemnitee against: (a) all Expenses reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on
Indemnitee's behalf in connection with each successfully resolved claim, issue
or matter; and (b) any claim, issue or matter related to any such successfully
resolved claim, issue or matter. For purposes of this Agreement, the
termination of any claim, issue or matter in such a Proceeding by dismissal,
with or without prejudice, by reason of settlement, judgment, order or
otherwise, shall be deemed to be a successful result as to such claim, issue or
matter.
6. Procedure for Payment of Indemnifiable Amounts. Indemnitee shall
submit to the Company a written request specifying the Indemnifiable Amounts
for which Indemnitee seeks payment under Sections 3, 4 or 5 of this Agreement
and the basis for the claim. The Company shall pay such Indemnifiable Amounts
to Indemnitee promptly upon receipt of its request. At the request of the
Company, Indemnitee shall furnish such documentation and information as are
reasonably available to Indemnitee and necessary to establish that Indemnitee
is entitled to indemnification hereunder.
7. Indemnification For Expenses of a Witness. Notwithstanding any
other provision of this Agreement, to the extent that Indemnitee is, by reason
of his Corporate Status, a witness in any Proceeding to which Indemnitee is not
a party, he shall be indemnified against all Expenses actually and reasonably
incurred by him or on his behalf in connection therewith.
8. Effect of Certain Resolutions. Neither the settlement or
termination of any Proceeding nor the failure of the Company to award
indemnification or to determine that indemnification is payable shall create a
presumption that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification hereunder. In
addition, the termination of any proceeding by judgment, order, settlement,
conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent shall not
create a presumption that Indemnitee did not act in good faith and in a manner
which Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best
interests of the Company or, with respect to any criminal Proceeding, had
reasonable cause to believe that Indemnitee's action was unlawful.
9. Exclusions. Notwithstanding any provision in this Agreement to the
contrary, the Company shall not be obligated under this Agreement to make any
indemnity in connection with any claim made against Indemnitee:
(a) for which payment has actually been made to or on
behalf of Indemnitee under any insurance policy or
other indemnity provision, except with
4
respect to any excess beyond the amount paid under
any insurance policy or other indemnity provisions;
(b) for an accounting of profits made from the purchase
and sale (or sale and purchase) by Indemnitee of
securities of the Company within the meaning of
Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended, or similar provisions of state
statutory law or common law; or
(c) for which payment is prohibited by applicable law.
10. Agreement to Advance Expenses; Undertaking. The Company shall
advance all Expenses incurred by or on behalf of Indemnitee in connection with
any Proceeding, including a Proceeding by or in the right of the Company, in
which Indemnitee is involved by reason of such Indemnitee's Corporate Status
within thirty (30) calendar days after the receipt by the Company of a written
statement from Indemnitee requesting such advance or advances from time to
time, whether prior to or after final disposition of such Proceeding. Advances
shall be unsecured and interest free. Advances shall be made without regard to
Indemnitee's ability to repay the expenses and without regard to Indemnitee's
ultimate entitlement to indemnification under the other provisions of this
Agreement. To the extent required by Delaware law, Indemnitee hereby undertakes
to repay any and all of the amount of indemnifiable Expenses paid to Indemnitee
if it is finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that
Indemnitee is not entitled under this Agreement to indemnification with respect
to such Expenses. This undertaking is an unlimited general obligation of
Indemnitee.
11. Procedure for Advance Payment of Expenses. Indemnitee shall submit
to the Company a written request specifying the Expenses for which Indemnitee
seeks an advancement under Section 10 of this Agreement, together with
documentation evidencing that Indemnitee has incurred such Expenses (which
shall include invoices received by Indemnitee in connection with such Expenses
but, in the case of invoices in connection with legal services, any reference
to legal work performed or to expenditures made that would cause Indemnitee to
waive any privilege accorded by applicable law shall not be included with the
invoice). Advances under Section 10 shall be made no later than thirty (30)
calendar days after the Company's receipt of such request. If a claim for
advancement of Expenses hereunder by Indemnitee is not paid in full by the
Company within thirty (30) calendar days after receipt by the Company of
documentation of Expenses and the required undertaking, Indemnitee may at any
time thereafter bring suit against the Company to recover the unpaid amount of
the claim and if successful in whole or in part, Indemnitee shall also be
entitled to be paid the expenses of prosecuting such claim. The burden of
proving that Indemnitee is not entitled to an advancement of expenses shall be
on the Company.
12. Presumptions and Effect of Certain Proceedings.
(a) In making a determination required to be made under
Delaware law with respect to entitlement to indemnification
hereunder, the person, persons or entity
5
making such determination shall presume that Indemnitee is
entitled to indemnification under this Agreement if
Indemnitee has submitted a request for indemnification in
accordance with Section 6 of this Agreement, and the Company
shall have the burden of proof to overcome that presumption
in connection with the making of any determination contrary
to that presumption. Neither the failure of the Company or of
any person, persons or entity to have made a determination
prior to the commencement of any action pursuant to this
Agreement that indemnification is proper in the circumstances
because Indemnitee has met the applicable standard of
conduct, nor an actual determination by the Company or by any
person, persons or entity that Indemnitee has not met such
applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the
action or create a presumption that Indemnitee has not met
the applicable standard of conduct.
(b) The termination of any Proceeding or of any claim, issue
or matter therein, by judgment, order, settlement or
conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its
equivalent, shall not (except as otherwise expressly provided
in this Agreement) of itself adversely affect the right of
Indemnitee to indemnification or create a presumption that
Indemnitee did not act in good faith and in a manner which he
reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best
interests of the Company or, with respect to any criminal
Proceeding, that Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe
that his conduct was unlawful.
(c) For purposes of any determination of good faith,
Indemnitee shall be deemed to have acted in good faith if
Indemnitee's action is based on the records or books of
account of the Enterprise, including financial statements, or
on information supplied to Indemnitee by the officers of the
Enterprise in the course of their duties, or on the advice of
legal counsel for the Enterprise or the Board of Directors or
counsel selected by any committee of the Board of Directors
or on information or records given or reports made to the
Enterprise by an independent certified public accountant or
by an appraiser, investment banker or other expert selected
with reasonable care by the Company or the Board of Directors
or any committee of the Board of Directors. The provisions of
this Section 12(c) shall not be deemed to be exclusive or to
limit in any way the other circumstances in which the
Indemnitee may be deemed to have met the applicable standard
of conduct set forth in this Agreement.
(d) The knowledge and/or actions, or failure to act, of any
director, officer, agent or employee of the Enterprise shall
not be imputed to Indemnitee for purposes of determining the
right to indemnification under this Agreement.
13. Remedies of Indemnitee.
(a) Right to Petition Court. In the event that Indemnitee
makes a request for payment of Indemnifiable Amounts under
Sections 3, 4 and 5 above or a request
6
for an advancement of Expenses under Sections 10 and 11 above
and the Company fails to make such payment or advancement in
a timely manner pursuant to the terms of this Agreement,
Indemnitee may petition the Delaware Chancery Court to
enforce the Company's obligations under this Agreement.
(b) Burden of Proof. In any judicial proceeding brought under
Section 13(a) above, the Company shall have the burden of
proving that Indemnitee is not entitled to payment of
Indemnifiable Amounts hereunder.
(c) Expenses. The Company agrees to reimburse Indemnitee in
full for any Expenses incurred by Indemnitee in connection
with investigating, preparing for, litigating, defending or
settling any action brought by Indemnitee under Section 13(a)
above, or in connection with any claim or counterclaim
brought by the Company in connection therewith, if Indemnitee
is successful in whole or in part in connection with any such
action.
(d) Failure to Act Not a Defense. The failure of the Company
(including its Board of Directors or any committee thereof,
independent legal counsel, or stockholders) to make a
determination concerning the permissibility of the payment of
Indemnifiable Amounts or the advancement of indemnifiable
Expenses under this Agreement shall not be a defense in any
action brought under Section 13(a) above, and shall not
create a presumption that such payment or advancement is not
permissible.
14. Defense of the Underlying Proceeding.
(a) Notice by Indemnitee. Indemnitee agrees to notify the
Company promptly upon being served with any summons,
citation, subpoena, complaint, indictment, information, or
other document relating to any Proceeding which may result in
the payment of Indemnifiable Amounts or the advancement of
Expenses hereunder; provided, however, that the failure to
give any such notice shall not disqualify Indemnitee from the
right, or otherwise affect in any manner any right of
Indemnitee, to receive payments of Indemnifiable Amounts or
advancements of Expenses unless the Company's ability to
defend in such Proceeding is materially and adversely
prejudiced thereby.
(b) Defense by Company. Subject to the provisions of the last
sentence of this Section 14(b) and of Section 14(c) below,
the Company shall have the right to defend Indemnitee in any
Proceeding which may give rise to the payment of
Indemnifiable Amounts hereunder; provided, however that the
Company shall notify Indemnitee of any such decision to
defend within thirty (30) calendar days of receipt of notice
of any such Proceeding under Section 14(a) above. The Company
shall not, without the prior written consent of Indemnitee,
consent to
7
the entry of any judgment against Indemnitee or enter into
any settlement or compromise which (i) includes an admission
of fault of Indemnitee or (ii) does not include, as an
unconditional term thereof, the full release of Indemnitee
from all liability in respect of such Proceeding, which
release shall be in form and substance reasonably
satisfactory to Indemnitee. This Section 14(b) shall not
apply to a Proceeding brought by Indemnitee under Section
13(a) above or pursuant to Section 22 below.
(c) Indemnitee's Right to Counsel. Notwithstanding the
provisions of Section 14(b) above, if in a Proceeding to
which Indemnitee is a party by reason of Indemnitee's
Corporate Status, (i) Indemnitee reasonably concludes that he
or she may have separate defenses or counterclaims to assert
with respect to any issue which may not be consistent with
the position of other defendants in such Proceeding, (ii) a
conflict of interest or potential conflict of interest exists
between Indemnitee and the Company, or (iii) if the Company
fails to assume the defense of such proceeding in a timely
manner, Indemnitee shall be entitled to be represented by a
separate legal counsel of Indemnitee's choice at the expense
of the Company. In addition, if the Company fails to comply
with any of its obligations under this Agreement or in the
event that the Company or any other person takes any action
to declare this Agreement void or unenforceable, or
institutes any action, suit or proceeding to deny or to
recover from Indemnitee the benefits intended to be provided
to Indemnitee hereunder, Indemnitee shall have the right to
retain a counsel of Indemnitee's choice, at the expense of
the Company, to represent Indemnitee in connection with any
such matter.
15. Representations and Warranties of the Company. The Company hereby
represents and warrants to Indemnitee as follows:
(a) Authority. The Company has all necessary power and
authority to enter into, and be bound by the terms of, this
Agreement, and the execution, delivery and performance of the
undertakings contemplated by this Agreement have been duly
authorized by the Company.
(b) Enforceability. This Agreement, when executed and
delivered by the Company in accordance with the provisions
hereof, shall be a legal, valid and binding obligation of the
Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with
its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by
applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium, reorganization
or similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors'
rights generally.
16. Insurance. The Company shall, from time to time, make the good
faith determination whether or not it is practicable for the Company to obtain
and maintain a policy or policies of insurance with a reputable insurance
company providing the Indemnitee with coverage for losses from wrongful acts.
For so long as Indemnitee shall remain a director or executive officer of the
Company and with respect to any such prior service, in all policies of
8
director and officer liability insurance, Indemnitee shall be named as an
insured in such a manner as to provide Indemnitee the same rights and benefits
as are accorded to the most favorably insured of the Company's officers and
directors. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall have no obligation
to obtain or maintain such insurance if the Company determines in good faith
that such insurance is not reasonably available, if the premium costs for such
insurance are disproportionate to the amount of coverage provided, or if the
coverage provided by such insurance is limited by exclusions so as to provide
an insufficient benefit. The Company shall promptly notify Indemnitee of any
good faith determination not to provide such coverage.
17. Contract Rights Not Exclusive. The rights to payment of
Indemnifiable Amounts and advancement of indemnifiable Expenses provided by
this Agreement shall be in addition to, but not exclusive of, any other rights
which Indemnitee may have at any time under applicable law, the Company's
Certificate of Incorporation or By-laws, or any other agreement, vote of
stockholders or directors (or a committee of directors), or otherwise, both as
to action in Indemnitee's official capacity and as to action in any other
capacity as a result of Indemnitee's serving as a director or executive officer
of the Company.
18. Successors. This Agreement shall be (a) binding upon all
successors and assigns of the Company (including any transferee of all or a
substantial portion of the business, stock and/or assets of the Company and any
direct or indirect successor by merger or consolidation or otherwise by
operation of law) and (b) binding on and shall inure to the benefit of the
heirs, personal representatives, executors and administrators of Indemnitee.
This Agreement shall continue for the benefit of Indemnitee and such heirs,
personal representatives, executors and administrators after Indemnitee has
ceased to have Corporate Status.
19. Subrogation. In the event of any payment of Indemnifiable Amounts
under this Agreement, the Company shall be subrogated to the extent of such
payment to all of the rights of contribution or recovery of Indemnitee against
other persons, and Indemnitee shall take, at the request of the Company, all
reasonable action necessary to secure such rights, including the execution of
such documents as are necessary to enable the Company to bring suit to enforce
such rights.
20. Change in Law. To the extent that a change in Delaware law
(whether by statute or judicial decision) shall permit broader indemnification
or advancement of expenses than is provided under the terms of the By-laws and
this Agreement, Indemnitee shall be entitled to such broader indemnification
and advancements, and this Agreement shall be deemed to be amended to such
extent.
21. Severability. Whenever possible, each provision of this Agreement
shall be interpreted in such a manner as to be effective and valid under
applicable law, but if any provision of this Agreement, or any clause thereof,
shall be determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to be illegal, invalid
or unenforceable, in whole or in part, such provision or clause
9
shall be limited or modified in its application to the minimum extent necessary
to make such provision or clause valid, legal and enforceable, and the
remaining provisions and clauses of this Agreement shall remain fully
enforceable and binding on the parties.
22. Indemnitee as Plaintiff. Except as provided in Section 13(c) of
this Agreement and in the next sentence, Indemnitee shall not be entitled to
payment of Indemnifiable Amounts or advancement of indemnifiable Expenses with
respect to any Proceeding brought by Indemnitee against the Company, any Entity
which it controls, any director or officer thereof, or any third party, unless
the Board of Directors of the Company has consented to the initiation of such
Proceeding. This Section 22 shall not apply to counterclaims or affirmative
defenses asserted by Indemnitee in an action brought against Indemnitee.
23. Modifications and Waiver. Except as provided in Section 20 above
with respect to changes in Delaware law which broaden the right of Indemnitee
to be indemnified by the Company, no supplement, modification or amendment of
this Agreement shall be binding unless executed in writing by each of the
parties hereto. No waiver of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be
deemed or shall constitute a waiver of any other provisions of this Agreement
(whether or not similar), nor shall such waiver constitute a continuing waiver.
24. General Notices. All notices, requests, demands and other
communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been
duly given (a) when delivered by hand, (b) when transmitted by facsimile and
receipt is acknowledged, or (c) if mailed by certified or registered mail with
postage prepaid, on the third business day after the date on which it is so
mailed:
(i) If to Indemnitee, to:
-----------------------------
-----------------------------
-----------------------------
-----------------------------
(ii) If to the Company, to:
iRobot Corporation
63 South Avenue
Burlington, MA 01803
Attention: Chief Executive Officer
or to such other address as may have been furnished in the same manner by any
party to the others.
10
25. Governing Law; Consent to Jurisdiction; Service of Process. This
Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the
State of Delaware without regard to its rules of conflict of laws. Each of the
Company and the Indemnitee hereby irrevocably and unconditionally consents to
submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Delaware Chancery Court and the
courts of the United States of America located in the State of Delaware (the
"Delaware Courts") for any litigation arising out of or relating to this
Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby (and agrees not to commence
any litigation relating thereto except in such courts), waives any objection to
the laying of venue of any such litigation in the Delaware Courts and agrees
not to plead or claim in any Delaware Court that such litigation brought
therein has been brought in an inconvenient forum. Each of the parties hereto
agrees, (a) to the extent such party is not otherwise subject to service of
process in the State of Delaware, to appoint and maintain an agent in the State
of Delaware as such party's agent for acceptance of legal process, and (b) that
service of process may also be made on such party by prepaid certified mail
with a proof of mailing receipt validated by the United States Postal Service
constituting evidence of valid service. Service made pursuant to (a) or (b)
above shall have the same legal force and effect as if served upon such party
personally within the State of Delaware. For purposes of implementing the
parties' agreement to appoint and maintain an agent for service of process in
the State of Delaware, each such party does hereby appoint The Corporation
Trust Company, 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware
19801, as such agent and each such party hereby agrees to complete all actions
necessary for such appointment.
[signature page follows]
11
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as
of the day and year first above written.
IROBOT CORPORATION
By:
------------------------------------
Name:
Title:
INDEMNITEE
------------------------------------
Exhibit 10.18
IROBOT CORPORATION
2005 STOCK OPTION AND INCENTIVE PLAN
SECTION 1. GENERAL PURPOSE OF THE PLAN; DEFINITIONS
The name of the plan is the iRobot Corporation 2005 Stock Option and
Incentive Plan (the "Plan"). The purpose of the Plan is to encourage and enable
the officers, employees, Non-Employee Directors and other key persons (including
consultants and prospective employees) of iRobot Corporation (the "Company") and
its Subsidiaries upon whose judgment, initiative and efforts the Company largely
depends for the successful conduct of its business to acquire a proprietary
interest in the Company. It is anticipated that providing such persons with a
direct stake in the Company's welfare will assure a closer identification of
their interests with those of the Company and its stockholders, thereby
stimulating their efforts on the Company's behalf and strengthening their desire
to remain with the Company.
The following terms shall be defined as set forth below:
"Act" means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and
regulations thereunder.
"Administrator" is defined in Section 2(a).
"Award" or "Awards," except where referring to a particular category of
grant under the Plan, shall include Incentive Stock Options, Non-Qualified Stock
Options, Stock Appreciation Rights, Deferred Stock Awards and Restricted Stock
Awards.
"Board" means the Board of Directors of the Company.
"Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and any
successor Code, and related rules, regulations and interpretations.
"Committee" means the compensation committee of the Board or a similar
committee performing the functions of the compensation committee and which is
comprised of not less than two Non-Employee Directors who are independent.
"Covered Employee" means an employee who is a "Covered Employee" within the
meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code.
"Deferred Stock Award" means Awards granted pursuant to Section 8.
"Effective Date" means the date on which the Plan is approved by
stockholders as set forth in Section 17.
"Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and
the rules and regulations thereunder.
"Fair Market Value" of the Stock on any given date means the fair market
value of the Stock determined in good faith by the Administrator; provided,
however, that if the Stock is admitted to quotation on the National Association
of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System ("NASDAQ"), NASDAQ National
System or a national securities exchange, the determination shall be made by
reference to market quotations. If there are no market quotations for such date,
the determination shall be made by reference to the last date preceding such
date for which there are market quotations; provided further, however, that if
the date for which Fair Market Value is determined is the first day when trading
prices for the Stock are reported on NASDAQ or on a national securities
exchange, the Fair Market Value shall be the "Price to the Public" (or
equivalent) set forth on the cover page for the final prospectus relating to the
Company's Initial Public Offering.
"Incentive Stock Option" means any Stock Option designated and qualified as
an "incentive stock option" as defined in Section 422 of the Code.
"Initial Public Offering" means the consummation of the first fully
underwritten, firm commitment public offering pursuant to an effective
registration statement under the Act covering the offer and sale by the Company
of its equity securities, or such other event as a result of or following which
the Stock shall be publicly held.
"Non-Employee Director" means a member of the Board who is not also an
employee of the Company or any Subsidiary.
"Non-Qualified Stock Option" means any Stock Option that is not an
Incentive Stock Option.
"Option" or "Stock Option" means any option to purchase shares of Stock
granted pursuant to Section 5.
"Performance Cycle" means one or more periods of time, which may be of
varying and overlapping durations, as the Administrator may select, over which
the attainment of one or more performance criteria will be measured for the
purpose of determining a grantee's right to and the payment of a Restricted
Stock Award or Deferred Stock Award.
"Restricted Stock Award" means Awards granted pursuant to Section 7.
"Section 409A" means Section 409A of the Code and the regulations and other
guidance promulgated thereunder.
"Stock" means the Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company,
subject to adjustments pursuant to Section 3.
"Stock Appreciation Right" means any Award granted pursuant to Section 6.
"Subsidiary" means any corporation or other entity (other than the Company)
in which the Company has a controlling interest, either directly or indirectly.
2
"Ten Percent Owner" means an employee who owns or is deemed to own (by
reason of the attribution rules of Section 424(d) of the Code) more than 10
percent of the combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or
any parent or subsidiary corporation.
SECTION 2. ADMINISTRATION OF PLAN; ADMINISTRATOR AUTHORITY TO SELECT GRANTEES
AND DETERMINE AWARDS
(a) Committee. The Plan shall be administered by either the Board or the
Committee (the "Administrator").
(b) Powers of Administrator. The Administrator shall have the power and
authority to grant Awards consistent with the terms of the Plan, including the
power and authority:
(i) to select the individuals to whom Awards may from time to time be
granted;
(ii) to determine the time or times of grant, and the extent, if any,
of Incentive Stock Options, Non-Qualified Stock Options, Stock Appreciation
Rights, Restricted Stock Awards and Deferred Stock Awards, or any combination of
the foregoing, granted to any one or more grantees;
(iii) to determine the number of shares of Stock to be covered by any
Award;
(iv) to determine and modify from time to time the terms and
conditions, including restrictions, not inconsistent with the terms of the Plan,
of any Award, which terms and conditions may differ among individual Awards and
grantees, and to approve the form of written instruments evidencing the Awards;
(v) to accelerate at any time the exercisability or vesting of all or
any portion of any Award;
(vi) subject to the provisions of Section 5(a)(ii), to extend at any
time the period in which Stock Options may be exercised; and
(vii) at any time to adopt, alter and repeal such rules, guidelines
and practices for administration of the Plan and for its own acts and
proceedings as it shall deem advisable; to interpret the terms and provisions of
the Plan and any Award (including related written instruments); to make all
determinations it deems advisable for the administration of the Plan; to decide
all disputes arising in connection with the Plan; and to otherwise supervise the
administration of the Plan.
All decisions and interpretations of the Administrator shall be binding on
all persons, including the Company and Plan grantees.
(c) Delegation of Authority to Grant Awards. The Administrator, in its
discretion, may delegate to any executive officer of the Company all or part of
the Administrator's authority and duties with respect to the granting of Awards
to employees who are not subject to the reporting and other provisions of
Section 16 of the Exchange Act or Covered Employees. Any
3
such delegation by the Administrator shall include a limitation as to the amount
of Awards that may be granted during the period of the delegation and shall
contain guidelines as to the determination of the exercise price of any Stock
Option or Stock Appreciation Right, the conversion ratio or price of other
Awards and the vesting criteria. The Administrator may revoke or amend the terms
of a delegation at any time but such action shall not invalidate any prior
actions of the Administrator's delegate or delegates that were consistent with
the terms of the Plan.
(d) Indemnification. Neither the Board nor the Committee, nor any member of
either or any delegate thereof, shall be liable for any act, omission,
interpretation, construction or determination made in good faith in connection
with the Plan, and the members of the Board and the Committee (and any delegate
thereof) shall be entitled in all cases to indemnification and reimbursement by
the Company in respect of any claim, loss, damage or expense (including, without
limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees) arising or resulting therefrom to the
fullest extent permitted by law and/or under any directors' and officers'
liability insurance coverage which may be in effect from time to time and/or any
indemnification agreement between such individual and the Company.
SECTION 3. STOCK ISSUABLE UNDER THE PLAN; MERGERS; SUBSTITUTION
(a) Stock Issuable. The maximum number of shares of Stock reserved and
available for issuance under the Plan shall be the sum of (i) 1,583,682 shares,
(ii) such number of shares as equals that number of stock options or awards
returned to (A) the Company's Amended and Restated 1994 Stock Plan, as amended,
after the Effective Date, (B) the Company's Amended and Restated 2001 Special
Stock Option Plan, after the Effective Date, and (C) the Company's Amended and
Restated 2004 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, after the Effective Date, in each
case as a result of the expiration, cancellation or termination of such stock
options or awards and (iii) as of January 1, 2007 and each January 1,
thereafter, a number of shares equal to four and one-half percent (4.5%) of the
Company's outstanding Stock on such date, subject to adjustment as provided in
Section 3(c). For purposes of this limitation, the shares of Stock underlying
any Awards that are forfeited, canceled, held back upon exercise of an Option or
settlement of an Award to cover the exercise price or tax withholding,
reacquired by the Company prior to vesting, satisfied without the issuance of
Stock or otherwise terminated (other than by exercise) shall be added back to
the shares of Stock available for issuance under the Plan. In no event may
shares of Stock granted in the form of Incentive Stock Options exceed 10,000,000
shares. The shares available for issuance under the Plan may be authorized but
unissued shares of Stock or shares of Stock reacquired by the Company.
(b) Per-Participant Limit. Subject to adjustment under Section 3(c), no
grantee may be granted Awards during any one fiscal year to purchase more than
2,500,000 shares of Stock.
(c) Changes in Stock. Subject to Section 3(d) hereof, if, as a result of
any reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification, stock dividend, stock
split, reverse stock split or other similar change in the Company's capital
stock, the outstanding shares of Stock are increased or decreased or are
exchanged for a different number or kind of shares or other securities of the
Company, or additional shares or new or different shares or other securities of
the Company or other non-cash assets are distributed with respect to such shares
of Stock or
4
other securities, or, if, as a result of any merger or consolidation, sale of
all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, the outstanding shares of
Stock are converted into or exchanged for a different number or kind of
securities of the Company or any successor entity (or a parent or subsidiary
thereof), the Administrator shall make an appropriate or proportionate
adjustment in (i) the maximum number of shares reserved for issuance under the
Plan and the maximum number of shares of Stock that may be granted in the form
of Incentive Stock Options, (ii) the number of Awards that can be granted to any
one individual grantee during any one fiscal year, (iii) the number and kind of
shares or other securities subject to any then outstanding Awards under the
Plan, (iv) the repurchase price, if any, per share subject to each outstanding
Restricted Stock Award, and (v) the price for each share subject to any then
outstanding Stock Options and Stock Appreciation Rights under the Plan, without
changing the aggregate exercise price (i.e., the exercise price multiplied by
the number of Stock Options and Stock Appreciation Rights) as to which such
Stock Options and Stock Appreciation Rights remain exercisable. The adjustment
by the Administrator shall be final, binding and conclusive. No fractional
shares of Stock shall be issued under the Plan resulting from any such
adjustment, but the Administrator in its discretion may make a cash payment in
lieu of fractional shares.
The Administrator may also adjust the number of shares subject to
outstanding Awards and the exercise price and the terms of outstanding Awards to
take into consideration material changes in accounting practices or principles,
extraordinary dividends, acquisitions or dispositions of stock or property or
any other event if it is determined by the Administrator that such adjustment is
appropriate to avoid distortion in the operation of the Plan, provided that no
such adjustment shall be made in the case of a Stock Option or Stock
Appreciation Right, without the consent of the grantee, if it would constitute a
modification, extension or renewal of the Option within the meaning of Section
424(h) of the Code.
(d) Acquisition of the Company
(i) Consequences of an Acquisition. Upon the consummation of an
Acquisition, the Board or the board of directors of the surviving or acquiring
entity (as used in this Section 3(d), also the "Board"), shall, as to
outstanding Awards (on the same basis or on different bases as the Board shall
specify), make appropriate provision for the continuation of such Awards by the
Company or the assumption of such Awards by the surviving or acquiring entity
and by substituting on an equitable basis for the shares then subject to such
Awards either (a) the consideration payable with respect to the outstanding
shares of Stock in connection with the Acquisition, (b) shares of stock of the
surviving or acquiring corporation or (c) such other securities or other
consideration as the Board deems appropriate, the fair market value of which (as
determined by the Board in its sole discretion) shall not materially differ from
the fair market value of the shares of Stock subject to such Awards immediately
preceding the Acquisition. In addition to or in lieu of the foregoing, with
respect to outstanding Options and Stock Appreciation Rights, the Board may, on
the same basis or on different bases as the Board shall specify, upon written
notice to the affected optionees, provide that one or more Options and Stock
Appreciation Rights then outstanding must be exercised, in whole or in part,
within a specified number of days of the date of such notice, at the end of
which period such Options and Stock Appreciation Rights shall terminate, or
provide that one or more Options and Stock Appreciation Rights then outstanding,
in whole or in part, shall be terminated in exchange for a cash payment equal to
the excess of the fair market value (as determined by the Board in its sole
5
discretion) for the shares subject to such Options and Stock Appreciation Rights
over the exercise price thereof; provided, however, that before terminating any
portion of an Option or Stock Appreciation Right that is not vested or
exercisable (other than in exchange for a cash payment), the Board must first
accelerate in full the exercisability of the portion that is to be terminated.
Unless otherwise determined by the Board (on the same basis or on different
bases as the Board shall specify), any repurchase rights or other rights of the
Company that relate to an Option, Stock Appreciation Right or other Award shall
continue to apply to consideration, including cash, that has been substituted,
assumed or amended for an Option, Stock Appreciation Right or other Award
pursuant to this paragraph. The Company may hold in escrow all or any portion of
any such consideration in order to effectuate any continuing restrictions.
(ii) Acquisition Defined. An "Acquisition" shall mean: (x) the sale of
the Company by merger in which the stockholders of the Company in their capacity
as such no longer own a majority of the outstanding equity securities of the
Company (or its successor), or (y) any sale of all or substantially all of the
assets or capital stock of the Company (other than in a spin-off or similar
transaction), or (z) any other acquisition of the business of the Company, as
determined by the Board.
(e) Substitute Awards. The Administrator may grant Awards under the Plan in
substitution for stock and stock based awards held by employees, directors or
other key persons of another corporation in connection with the merger or
consolidation of the employing corporation with the Company or a Subsidiary or
the acquisition by the Company or a Subsidiary of property or stock of the
employing corporation. The Administrator may direct that the substitute awards
be granted on such terms and conditions as the Administrator considers
appropriate in the circumstances. Any substitute Awards granted under the Plan
shall not count against the share limitation set forth in Section 3(a).
SECTION 4. ELIGIBILITY
Grantees under the Plan will be such full or part-time officers and other
employees, directors and key persons (including consultants and prospective
employees) of the Company and its Subsidiaries as are selected from time to time
by the Administrator in its sole discretion.
SECTION 5. STOCK OPTIONS
Any Stock Option granted under the Plan shall be in such form as the
Administrator may from time to time approve.
Stock Options granted under the Plan may be either Incentive Stock Options
or Non-Qualified Stock Options. Incentive Stock Options may be granted only to
employees of the Company or any Subsidiary that is a "subsidiary corporation"
within the meaning of Section 424(f) of the Code. To the extent that any Option
does not qualify as an Incentive Stock Option, it shall be deemed a
Non-Qualified Stock Option.
(a) Grants of Stock Options. Stock Options granted pursuant to this Section
5(a) shall be subject to the following terms and conditions and shall contain
such additional terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the terms of the
Plan, as the Administrator shall deem desirable.
6
(i) Exercise Price. The exercise price per share for the Stock covered
by a Stock Option granted pursuant to this Section 5(a) shall be determined by
the Administrator at the time of grant but shall not be less than one hundred
percent (100%) of the Fair Market Value on the date of grant. In the case of an
Incentive Stock Option that is granted to a Ten Percent Owner, the option price
of such Incentive Stock Option shall be not less than one hundred ten percent
(110%) of the Fair Market Value on the grant date.
(ii) Option Term. The term of each Stock Option shall be fixed by the
Administrator, but no Stock Option shall be exercisable more than ten years
after the date the Stock Option is granted. In the case of an Incentive Stock
Option that is granted to a Ten Percent Owner, the term of such Stock Option
shall be no more than five years from the date of grant.
(iii) Exercisability; Rights of a Stockholder. Stock Options shall
become exercisable at such time or times, whether or not in installments, as
shall be determined by the Administrator at or after the grant date. The
Administrator may at any time accelerate the exercisability of all or any
portion of any Stock Option. An optionee shall have the rights of a stockholder
only as to shares acquired upon the exercise of a Stock Option and not as to
unexercised Stock Options.
(iv) Method of Exercise. Stock Options may be exercised in whole or in
part, by giving written notice of exercise to the Company, specifying the number
of shares to be purchased. Payment of the purchase price may be made by one or
more of the following methods to the extent provided in the Option Award
agreement:
(A) In cash, by certified or bank check or other instrument
acceptable to the Administrator;
(B) Through the delivery (or attestation to the ownership) of
shares of Stock that have been purchased by the optionee on the open market
or that are beneficially owned by the optionee and are not then subject to
restrictions under any Company plan. Such surrendered shares shall be
valued at Fair Market Value on the exercise date. To the extent required to
avoid variable accounting treatment under FAS 123R or other applicable
accounting rules, such surrendered shares shall have been owned by the
optionee for at least six months; or
(C) By the optionee delivering to the Company a properly executed
exercise notice together with irrevocable instructions to a broker to
promptly deliver to the Company cash or a check payable and acceptable to
the Company for the purchase price; provided that in the event the optionee
chooses to pay the purchase price as so provided, the optionee and the
broker shall comply with such procedures and enter into such agreements of
indemnity and other agreements as the Administrator shall prescribe as a
condition of such payment procedure.
Payment instruments will be received subject to collection. The transfer to the
optionee on the records of the Company or of the transfer agent of the shares of
Stock to be purchased pursuant to the exercise of a Stock Option will be
contingent upon receipt from the optionee (or a purchaser acting in his stead in
accordance with the provisions of the Stock Option) by the
7
Company of the full purchase price for such shares and the fulfillment of any
other requirements contained in the Option Award agreement or applicable
provisions of laws (including the satisfaction of any withholding taxes that the
Company is obligated to withhold with respect to the optionee). In the event an
optionee chooses to pay the purchase price by previously-owned shares of Stock
through the attestation method, the number of shares of Stock transferred to the
optionee upon the exercise of the Stock Option shall be net of the number of
shares attested to.
(v) Annual Limit on Incentive Stock Options. To the extent required
for "incentive stock option" treatment under Section 422 of the Code, the
aggregate Fair Market Value (determined as of the time of grant) of the shares
of Stock with respect to which Incentive Stock Options granted under this Plan
and any other plan of the Company or its parent and subsidiary corporations
become exercisable for the first time by an optionee during any calendar year
shall not exceed $100,000. To the extent that any Stock Option exceeds this
limit, it shall constitute a Non-Qualified Stock Option.
SECTION 6. STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS
(a) Nature of Stock Appreciation Rights. A Stock Appreciation Right is an
Award entitling the recipient to receive shares of Stock having a value equal to
the excess of the Fair Market Value of the Stock on the date of exercise over
the exercise price of the Stock Appreciation Right, which price shall not be
less than 100 percent of the Fair Market Value of the Stock on the date of grant
(or more than the option exercise price per share, if the Stock Appreciation
Right was granted in tandem with a Stock Option) multiplied by the number of
shares of Stock with respect to which the Stock Appreciation Right shall have
been exercised.
(b) Grant and Exercise of Stock Appreciation Rights. Stock Appreciation
Rights may be granted by the Administrator in tandem with, or independently of,
any Stock Option granted pursuant to Section 5 of the Plan. In the case of a
Stock Appreciation Right granted in tandem with a Non-Qualified Stock Option,
such Stock Appreciation Right may be granted either at or after the time of the
grant of such Option. In the case of a Stock Appreciation Right granted in
tandem with an Incentive Stock Option, such Stock Appreciation Right may be
granted only at the time of the grant of the Option.
A Stock Appreciation Right or applicable portion thereof granted in tandem
with a Stock Option shall terminate and no longer be exercisable upon the
termination or exercise of the related Option.
(c) Terms and Conditions of Stock Appreciation Rights. Stock Appreciation
Rights shall be subject to such terms and conditions as shall be determined from
time to time by the Administrator, subject to the following:
(i) Stock Appreciation Rights granted in tandem with Options shall be
exercisable at such time or times and to the extent that the related Stock
Options shall be exercisable.
(ii) Upon exercise of a Stock Appreciation Right, the applicable
portion of any related Option shall be surrendered.
8
SECTION 7. RESTRICTED STOCK AWARDS
(a) Nature of Restricted Stock Awards. A Restricted Stock Award is an Award
entitling the recipient to acquire, at such purchase price (which may be zero)
as determined by the Administrator, shares of Stock subject to such restrictions
and conditions as the Administrator may determine at the time of grant
("Restricted Stock"). Conditions may be based on continuing employment (or other
service relationship) and/or achievement of pre-established performance goals
and objectives. The grant of a Restricted Stock Award is contingent on the
grantee executing the Restricted Stock Award agreement. The terms and conditions
of each such agreement shall be determined by the Administrator, and such terms
and conditions may differ among individual Awards and grantees.
(b) Rights as a Stockholder. Upon execution of a written instrument setting
forth the Restricted Stock Award and payment of any applicable purchase price, a
grantee shall have the rights of a stockholder with respect to the voting of the
Restricted Stock, subject to such conditions contained in the written instrument
evidencing the Restricted Stock Award. Unless the Administrator shall otherwise
determine, (i) uncertificated Restricted Stock shall be accompanied by a
notation on the records of the Company or the transfer agent to the effect that
they are subject to forfeiture until such Restricted Stock are vested as
provided in Section 7(d) below, and (ii) certificated Restricted Stock shall
remain in the possession of the Company until such Restricted Stock is vested as
provided in Section 7(d) below, and the grantee shall be required, as a
condition of the grant, to deliver to the Company such instruments of transfer
as the Administrator may prescribe.
(c) Restrictions. Restricted Stock may not be sold, assigned, transferred,
pledged or otherwise encumbered or disposed of except as specifically provided
herein or in the Restricted Stock Award agreement. Except as may otherwise be
provided by the Administrator either in the Award agreement or, subject to
Section 14 below, in writing after the Award agreement is issued, if any, if a
grantee's employment (or other service relationship) with the Company and its
Subsidiaries terminates for any reason, any Restricted Stock that has not vested
at the time of termination shall automatically and without any requirement of
notice to such grantee from or other action by or on behalf of, the Company be
deemed to have been reacquired by the Company at its original purchase price
from such grantee or such grantee's legal representative simultaneously with
such termination of employment (or other service relationship), and thereafter
shall cease to represent any ownership of the Company by the grantee or rights
of the grantee as a stockholder. Following such deemed reacquisition of unvested
Restricted Stock that are represented by physical certificates, a grantee shall
surrender such certificates to the Company upon request without consideration.
(d) Vesting of Restricted Stock. The Administrator at the time of grant
shall specify the date or dates and/or the attainment of pre-established
performance goals, objectives and other conditions on which the
non-transferability of the Restricted Stock and the Company's right of
repurchase or forfeiture shall lapse. Subsequent to such date or dates and/or
the attainment of such pre-established performance goals, objectives and other
conditions, the shares on which all restrictions have lapsed shall no longer be
Restricted Stock and shall be deemed "vested." Except as may otherwise be
provided by the Administrator either in the Award agreement or, subject to
Section 14 below, in writing after the Award agreement is issued, a grantee's
rights in
9
any shares of Restricted Stock that have not vested shall automatically
terminate upon the grantee's termination of employment (or other service
relationship) with the Company and its Subsidiaries and such shares shall be
subject to the provisions of Section 7(c) above.
SECTION 8. DEFERRED STOCK AWARDS
(a) Nature of Deferred Stock Awards. A Deferred Stock Award is an Award of
phantom stock units to a grantee, subject to restrictions and conditions as the
Administrator may determine at the time of grant. Conditions may be based on
continuing employment (or other service relationship) and/or achievement of
pre-established performance goals and objectives. The grant of a Deferred Stock
Award is contingent on the grantee executing the Deferred Stock Award agreement.
The terms and conditions of each such agreement shall be determined by the
Administrator, and such terms and conditions may differ among individual Awards
and grantees. At the end of the deferral period, the Deferred Stock Award, to
the extent vested, shall be paid to the grantee in the form of shares of Stock.
(b) Election to Receive Deferred Stock Awards in Lieu of Compensation. The
Administrator may, in its sole discretion, permit a grantee to elect to receive
a portion of future cash compensation otherwise due to such grantee in the form
of a Deferred Stock Award. Any such election shall be made in writing and shall
be delivered to the Company no later than the date specified by the
Administrator and in accordance with Section 409A and such other rules and
procedures established by the Administrator. The Administrator shall have the
sole right to determine whether and under what circumstances to permit such
elections and to impose such limitations and other terms and conditions thereon
as the Administrator deems appropriate. Any such deferred compensation shall be
converted to a fixed number of phantom stock units based on the Fair Market
Value of Stock on the date the compensation would otherwise have been paid to
the grantee but for the deferral.
(c) Rights as a Stockholder. During the deferral period, a grantee shall
have no rights as a stockholder; provided, however, that the grantee may be
credited with Dividend Equivalent Rights with respect to the phantom stock units
underlying his Deferred Stock Award, subject to such terms and conditions as the
Administrator may determine.
(d) Termination. Except as may otherwise be provided by the Administrator
either in the Award agreement or, subject to Section 14 below, in writing after
the Award agreement is issued, a grantee's right in all Deferred Stock Awards
that have not vested shall automatically terminate upon the grantee's
termination of employment (or cessation of service relationship) with the
Company and its Subsidiaries for any reason.
SECTION 9. PERFORMANCE-BASED AWARDS TO COVERED EMPLOYEES
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, if any
Restricted Stock Award or Deferred Stock Award granted to a Covered Employee is
intended to qualify as "Performance-based Compensation" under Section 162(m) of
the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder (a "Performance-based
Award"), such Award shall comply with the provisions set forth below:
10
(a) Performance Criteria. The performance criteria used in performance
goals governing Performance-based Awards granted to Covered Employees may
include any or all of the following: (i) the Company's return on equity, assets,
capital or investment: (ii) pre-tax or after-tax profit levels of the Company or
any Subsidiary, a division, an operating unit or a business segment of the
Company, or any combination of the foregoing; (iii) cash flow, funds from
operations or similar measure; (iv) total stockholder return; (v) changes in the
market price of the Stock; (vi) sales or market share; or (vii) earnings per
share.
(b) Grant of Performance-based Awards. With respect to each
Performance-based Award granted to a Covered Employee, the Committee shall
select, within the first 90 days of a Performance Cycle (or, if shorter, within
the maximum period allowed under Section 162(m) of the Code) the performance
criteria for such grant, and the achievement targets with respect to each
performance criterion (including a threshold level of performance below which no
amount will become payable with respect to such Award). Each Performance-based
Award will specify the amount payable, or the formula for determining the amount
payable, upon achievement of the various applicable performance targets. The
performance criteria established by the Committee may be (but need not be)
different for each Performance Cycle and different goals may be applicable to
Performance-based Awards to different Covered Employees.
(c) Payment of Performance-based Awards. Following the completion of a
Performance Cycle, the Committee shall meet to review and certify in writing
whether, and to what extent, the performance criteria for the Performance Cycle
have been achieved and, if so, to also calculate and certify in writing the
amount of the Performance-based Awards earned for the Performance Cycle. The
Committee shall then determine the actual size of each Covered Employee's
Performance-based Award, and, in doing so, may reduce or eliminate the amount of
the Performance-based Award for a Covered Employee if, in its sole judgment,
such reduction or elimination is appropriate.
SECTION 10. TRANSFERABILITY OF AWARDS
(a) Transferability. Except as provided in Section 10(b) below, during a
grantee's lifetime, his or her Awards shall be exercisable only by the grantee,
or by the grantee's legal representative or guardian in the event of the
grantee's incapacity. No Awards shall be sold, assigned, transferred or
otherwise encumbered or disposed of by a grantee other than by will or by the
laws of descent and distribution. No Awards shall be subject, in whole or in
part, to attachment, execution, or levy of any kind, and any purported transfer
in violation hereof shall be null and void.
(b) Committee Action. Notwithstanding Section 10(a), the Administrator, in
its discretion, may provide either in the Award agreement regarding a given
Award or by subsequent written approval that the grantee (who is an employee or
director) may transfer his or her Awards (other than any Incentive Stock
Options) to his or her immediate family members, to trusts for the benefit of
such family members, or to partnerships in which such family members are the
only partners, provided that the transferee agrees in writing with the Company
to be bound by all of the terms and conditions of this Plan and the applicable
Award.
11
(c) Family Member. For purposes of Section 10(b), "family member" shall
mean a grantee's child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent,
spouse, former spouse, sibling, niece, nephew, mother-in-law, father-in-law,
son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law, including
adoptive relationships, any person sharing the grantee's household (other than a
tenant of the grantee), a trust in which these persons (or the grantee) have
more than 50 percent of the beneficial interest, a foundation in which these
persons (or the grantee) control the management of assets, and any other entity
in which these persons (or the grantee) own more than 50 percent of the voting
interests.
(d) Designation of Beneficiary. Each grantee to whom an Award has been made
under the Plan may designate a beneficiary or beneficiaries to exercise any
Award or receive any payment under any Award payable on or after the grantee's
death. Any such designation shall be on a form provided for that purpose by the
Administrator and shall not be effective until received by the Administrator. If
no beneficiary has been designated by a deceased grantee, or if the designated
beneficiaries have predeceased the grantee, the beneficiary shall be the
grantee's estate.
SECTION 11. TAX WITHHOLDING
(a) Payment by Grantee. Each grantee shall, no later than the date as of
which the value of an Award or of any Stock or other amounts received thereunder
first becomes includable in the gross income of the grantee for Federal income
tax purposes, pay to the Company, or make arrangements satisfactory to the
Administrator regarding payment of, any Federal, state, or local taxes of any
kind required by law to be withheld by the Company with respect to such income.
The Company and its Subsidiaries shall, to the extent permitted by law, have the
right to deduct any such taxes from any payment of any kind otherwise due to the
grantee. The Company's obligation to deliver evidence of book entry (or stock
certificates) to any grantee is subject to and conditioned on tax withholding
obligations being satisfied by the grantee.
(b) Payment in Stock. Subject to approval by the Administrator, a grantee
may elect to have the Company's minimum required tax withholding obligation
satisfied, in whole or in part, by (i) authorizing the Company to withhold from
shares of Stock to be issued pursuant to any Award a number of shares with an
aggregate Fair Market Value (as of the date the withholding is effected) that
would satisfy the withholding amount due, or (ii) transferring to the Company
shares of Stock owned by the grantee with an aggregate Fair Market Value (as of
the date the withholding is effected) that would satisfy the withholding amount
due.
SECTION 12. ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS APPLICABLE TO NONQUALIFIED DEFERRED
COMPENSATION UNDER SECTION 409A.
In the event any Stock Option or Stock Appreciation Right under the Plan is
granted with an exercise price of less than one hundred percent (100%) of the
Fair Market Value on the date of grant (regardless of whether or not such
exercise price is intentionally or unintentionally priced at less than Fair
Market Value), or such grant is materially modified and deemed a new grant at a
time when the Fair Market Value exceeds the exercise price, or any other Award
is otherwise determined to constitute "nonqualified deferred compensation"
within the meaning of
12
Section 409A (a "409A Award"), the following additional conditions shall apply
and shall supersede any contrary provisions of this Plan or the terms of any
agreement relating to such 409A Award.
(a) Exercise and Distribution. Except as provided in Section 12(b) hereof,
no 409A Award shall be exercisable or distributable earlier than upon one of the
following:
(i) Specified Time. A specified time or a fixed schedule set forth in
the written instrument evidencing the 409A Award, but not later than after the
expiration of ten years from the date such Award was granted.
(ii) Separation from Service. Separation from service (within the
meaning of Section 409A) by the 409A Award grantee; provided, however, that if
the 409A Award grantee is a "key employee" (as defined in Section 416(i) of the
Code without regard to paragraph (5) thereof) and any of the Company's Stock is
publicly traded on an established securities market or otherwise, exercise or
distribution under this Section 12(a)(ii) may not be made before the date that
is six months after the date of separation from service.
(iii) Death. The date of death of the 409A Award grantee.
(iv) Disability. The date the 409A Award grantee becomes disabled
(within the meaning of Section 12(c)(ii) hereof).
(v) Unforeseeable Emergency. The occurrence of an unforeseeable
emergency (within the meaning of Section 12(c)(iii) hereof), but only if the net
value (after payment of the exercise price) of the number of shares of Stock
that become issuable does not exceed the amounts necessary to satisfy such
emergency plus amounts necessary to pay taxes reasonably anticipated as a result
of the exercise, after taking into account the extent to which the emergency is
or may be relieved through reimbursement or compensation by insurance or
otherwise or by liquidation of the grantee's other assets (to the extent such
liquidation would not itself cause severe financial hardship).
(vi) Change in Control Event. The occurrence of a Change in Control
Event (within the meaning of Section 12(c)(i) hereof), including the Company's
discretionary exercise of the right to accelerate vesting of such grant upon a
Change in Control Event or to terminate the Plan or any 409A Award granted
hereunder within 12 months of the Change in Control Event.
(b) No Acceleration. A 409A Award may not be accelerated or exercised prior
to the time specified in Section 12(a) hereof, except in the case of one of the
following events:
(i) Domestic Relations Order. The 409A Award may permit the
acceleration of the exercise or distribution time or schedule to an individual
other than the grantee as may be necessary to comply with the terms of a
domestic relations order (as defined in Section 414(p)(1)(B) of the Code).
13
(ii) Conflicts of Interest. The 409A Award may permit the acceleration
of the exercise or distribution time or schedule as may be necessary to comply
with the terms of a certificate of divestiture (as defined in Section 1043(b)(2)
of the Code).
(iii) Change in Control Event. The Administrator may exercise the
discretionary right to accelerate the vesting of such 409A Award upon a Change
in Control Event or to terminate the Plan or any 409A Award granted thereunder
within 12 months of the Change in Control Event and cancel the 409A Award for
compensation.
(c) Definitions. Solely for purposes of this Section 12 and not for other
purposes of the Plan, the following terms shall be defined as set forth below:
(i) "Change in Control Event" means the occurrence of a change in the
ownership of the Company, a change in effective control of the Company, or a
change in the ownership of a substantial portion of the assets of the Company
(as defined in IRS Notice 2005-1, Q&A-11, Q&A-12, Q&A-13 and Q&A-14 or any
subsequent guidance).
(ii) "Disabled" means a grantee who (i) is unable to engage in any
substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or
mental impairment that can be expected to result in death or can be expected to
last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months, or (ii) is, by reason
of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment that can be expected
to result in death or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not
less than 12 months, receiving income replacement benefits for a period of not
less than three months under an accident and health plan covering employees of
the Company or its Subsidiaries.
(iii) "Unforeseeable Emergency" means a severe financial hardship to
the grantee resulting from an illness or accident of the grantee, the grantee's
spouse, or a dependent (as defined in Section 152(a) of the Code) of the
grantee, loss of the grantee's property due to casualty, or similar
extraordinary and unforeseeable circumstances arising as a result of events
beyond the control of the grantee.
SECTION 13. TRANSFER, LEAVE OF ABSENCE, ETC.
For purposes of the Plan, the following events shall not be deemed a
termination of employment:
(a) a transfer to the employment of the Company from a Subsidiary or from
the Company to a Subsidiary, or from one Subsidiary to another; or
(b) an approved leave of absence for military service or sickness, or for
any other purpose approved by the Company, if the employee's right to
re-employment is guaranteed either by a statute or by contract or under the
policy pursuant to which the leave of absence was granted or if the
Administrator otherwise so provides in writing.
SECTION 14. AMENDMENTS AND TERMINATION
The Board may, at any time, amend or discontinue the Plan and the
Administrator may, at any time, amend or cancel any outstanding Award for the
purpose of satisfying changes in law or
14
for any other lawful purpose, but no such action shall adversely affect rights
under any outstanding Award without the holder's consent. Except as provided in
Section 3(c) or 3(d), in no event may the Administrator exercise its discretion
to reduce the exercise price of outstanding Stock Options or Stock Appreciation
Rights or effect repricing through cancellation and re-grants. Any material Plan
amendments (other than amendments that curtail the scope of the Plan), including
any Plan amendments that (i) increase the number of shares reserved for issuance
under the Plan, (ii) expand the type of Awards available under, materially
expand the eligibility to participate in, or materially extend the term of, the
Plan, or (iii) materially change the method of determining Fair Market Value,
shall be subject to approval by the Company stockholders entitled to vote at a
meeting of stockholders. In addition, to the extent determined by the
Administrator to be required by the Code to ensure that Incentive Stock Options
granted under the Plan are qualified under Section 422 of the Code or to ensure
that compensation earned under Awards qualifies as performance-based
compensation under Section 162(m) of the Code, Plan amendments shall be subject
to approval by the Company stockholders entitled to vote at a meeting of
stockholders. Nothing in this Section 14 shall limit the Administrator's
authority to take any action permitted pursuant to Section 3(d).
SECTION 15. STATUS OF PLAN
With respect to the portion of any Award that has not been exercised and
any payments in cash, Stock or other consideration not received by a grantee, a
grantee shall have no rights greater than those of a general creditor of the
Company unless the Administrator shall otherwise expressly determine in
connection with any Award or Awards. In its sole discretion, the Administrator
may authorize the creation of trusts or other arrangements to meet the Company's
obligations to deliver Stock or make payments with respect to Awards hereunder,
provided that the existence of such trusts or other arrangements is consistent
with the foregoing sentence.
SECTION 16. GENERAL PROVISIONS
(a) No Distribution; Compliance with Legal Requirements. The Administrator
may require each person acquiring Stock pursuant to an Award to represent to and
agree with the Company in writing that such person is acquiring the shares
without a view to distribution thereof.
No shares of Stock shall be issued pursuant to an Award until all
applicable securities law and other legal and stock exchange or similar
requirements have been satisfied. The Administrator may require the placing of
such stop-orders and restrictive legends on certificates for Stock and Awards as
it deems appropriate.
(b) Delivery of Stock Certificates. Stock certificates to grantees under
this Plan shall be deemed delivered for all purposes when the Company or a stock
transfer agent of the Company shall have mailed such certificates in the United
States mail, addressed to the grantee, at the grantee's last known address on
file with the Company. Uncertificated Stock shall be deemed delivered for all
purposes when the Company or a Stock transfer agent of the Company shall have
given to the grantee by electronic mail (with proof of receipt) or by United
States mail, addressed to the grantee, at the grantee's last known address on
file with the Company,
15
notice of issuance and recorded the issuance in its records (which may include
electronic "book entry" records).
(c) Other Compensation Arrangements; No Employment Rights. Nothing
contained in this Plan shall prevent the Board from adopting other or additional
compensation arrangements, including trusts, and such arrangements may be either
generally applicable or applicable only in specific cases. The adoption of this
Plan and the grant of Awards do not confer upon any employee any right to
continued employment with the Company or any Subsidiary.
(d) Trading Policy Restrictions. Option exercises and other Awards under
the Plan shall be subject to such Company's insider trading policy and
procedures, as in effect from time to time.
(e) Forfeiture of Awards under Sarbanes-Oxley Act. If the Company is
required to prepare an accounting restatement due to the material noncompliance
of the Company, as a result of misconduct, with any financial reporting
requirement under the securities laws, then any grantee who is one of the
individuals subject to automatic forfeiture under Section 304 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 shall reimburse the Company for the amount of any
Award received by such individual under the Plan during the 12-month period
following the first public issuance or filing with the United States Securities
and Exchange Commission, as the case may be, of the financial document embodying
such financial reporting requirement.
SECTION 17. EFFECTIVE DATE OF PLAN
This Plan shall become effective upon approval by the holders of a majority
of the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders at which a quorum is present or
pursuant to a written consent of stockholders. No grants of Stock Options and
other Awards may be made hereunder after the tenth (10th) anniversary of the
Effective Date and no grants of Incentive Stock Options may be made hereunder
after the tenth (10th) anniversary of the date the Plan is approved by the
Board.
SECTION 18. GOVERNING LAW
This Plan and all Awards and actions taken thereunder shall be governed by,
and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, applied
without regard to conflict of law principles.
DATE APPROVED BY BOARD OF DIRECTORS:
DATE APPROVED BY STOCKHOLDERS:
16
IROBOT CORPORATION
INCENTIVE STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT
iRobot Corporation (the "Company") hereby grants the following stock option
pursuant to its 2005 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, as amended from time to
time. The terms and conditions attached hereto are also a part hereof.
Name of optionee (the "Optionee")*:
Date of this option grant:
Number of shares of the Company's Common Stock
subject to this option ("Shares"):
Option exercise price per share:
Number, if any, of Shares that may be purchased
on or after the grant date:
Shares that are subject to vesting schedule:
Vesting Start Date:
Vesting Schedule:
One year from Vesting Start Date: ___% of the Shares
Two years from Vesting Start Date: ___% of the Shares
Three years from Vesting Start Date: ___% of the Shares
Four years from Vesting Start Date: ___% of the Shares
Five years from Vesting Start Date: ___% of the Shares
All vesting is dependent on the continuation of a Business Relationship with the
Company, as provided herein.
Payment alternatives: Section 7(a)(i) through (iii)
This option satisfies in full all commitments that the Company has to the
Optionee with respect to the issuance of stock, stock options or other equity
securities.
IROBOT CORPORATION
By:
- ------------------------------------- ------------------------------------
Signature of Optionee Name of Officer:
-----------------------
- ------------------------------------- Title:
Street Address ---------------------------------
- -------------------------------------
City/State/Zip Code
- ----------
* N.B.: This form of agreement is designed for grants of "incentive stock
options" to employees who, at time of grant, are not 10% stockholders.
IROBOT CORPORATION
INCENTIVE STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT -- INCORPORATED TERMS AND CONDITIONS
1. Grant Under Plan. This option is granted pursuant to and is governed by
the Company's 2005 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time
(the "Plan") and, unless the context otherwise requires, terms used herein shall
have the same meaning as in the Plan.
2. Grant as Incentive Stock Option. This option is intended to qualify as
an incentive stock option under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986, as amended, and the regulations thereunder (the "Code").
3. Vesting of Option.
(a) Vesting if Business Relationship Continues. The Optionee may
exercise this option on or after the date of this option grant for the
number of shares of Common Stock, if any, set forth (or, to the extent
applicable, derived from the percentages set forth) on the cover page
hereof. If the Optionee has continuously maintained a Business Relationship
(as defined below) with the Company through the dates listed on the vesting
schedule set forth on the cover page hereof, the Optionee may exercise this
option for the additional number of shares of Common Stock set opposite the
applicable vesting date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Board may, in
its discretion, accelerate the date that any installment of this option
becomes exercisable. The foregoing rights are cumulative and may be
exercised only before the date which is seven years from the date of this
option grant.
(b) For purposes hereof, "Business Relationship" shall mean service to
the Company or its successor in the capacity of an employee, officer,
director or consultant.
4. Termination of Business Relationship.
(a) Termination. If the Optionee's Business Relationship with the
Company ceases, voluntarily or involuntarily, with or without cause, no
further installments of this option shall become exercisable, and this
option shall expire (may no longer be exercised) after the passage of 90
days from the date of termination, but in no event later than the scheduled
expiration date. Any determination under this agreement as to the status of
a Business Relationship or other matters referred to above shall be made in
good faith by the Board of Directors of the Company.
(b) Employment Status. For purposes hereof, with respect to employees
of the Company, employment shall not be considered as having terminated
during any leave of absence if such leave of absence has been approved in
writing by the Company and if such written approval contractually obligates
the Company to continue the employment of the Optionee after the approved
period of absence; in the event of such an approved leave of absence,
vesting of this option shall be suspended (and the period of the leave of
written approval of the leave of absence. For purposes hereof, a
termination of
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employment followed by another Business Relationship shall be deemed a
termination of the Business Relationship with all vesting to cease unless
the Company enters into a written agreement related to such other Business
Relationship in which it is specifically stated that there is no
termination of the Business Relationship under this agreement. This option
shall not be affected by any change of employment within or among the
Company and its Subsidiaries so long as the Optionee continuously remains
an employee of the Company or any Subsidiary.
5. Death; Disability.
(a) Death. Upon the death of the Optionee while the Optionee is
maintaining a Business Relationship with the Company, this option may be
exercised, to the extent otherwise exercisable on the date of the
Optionee's death, by the Optionee's estate, personal representative or
beneficiary to whom this option has been transferred pursuant to Section 9,
only at any time within 180 days after the date of death, but not later
than the scheduled expiration date.
(b) Disability. If the Optionee ceases to maintain a Business
Relationship with the Company by reason of his or her disability, this
option may be exercised, to the extent otherwise exercisable on the date of
cessation of the Business Relationship, only at any time within 180 days
after such cessation of the Business Relationship, but not later than the
scheduled expiration date. For purposes hereof, "disability" means
"permanent and total disability" as defined in Section 22(e)(3) of the
Code.
6. Partial Exercise. This option may be exercised in part at any time and
from time to time within the above limits, except that this option may not be
exercised for a fraction of a share.
7. Payment of Exercise Price. The exercise price shall be paid by one or
any combination of the following forms of payment that are applicable to this
option, as indicated on the cover page hereof:
(i) by cash, certified check or bank check payable to the order of
the Company; or
(ii) by delivery of an irrevocable and unconditional undertaking,
satisfactory in form and substance to the Company, by a
creditworthy broker to deliver promptly to the Company sufficient
funds to pay the exercise price, or delivery by the Optionee to
the Company of a copy of irrevocable and unconditional
instructions, satisfactory in form and substance to the Company,
to a creditworthy broker to deliver promptly to the Company cash
or a check sufficient to pay the exercise price; or
(iii) by delivery of shares of Common Stock having a fair market value
equal as of the date of exercise to the option price. To the
extent required to avoid variable accounting treatment under FAS
123R or other applicable
-3-
accounting rules, such shares shall have been owned by the
Optionee free of any substantial forfeiture for at least six
months.
In the case of (iii) above, fair market value as of the date of
exercise shall be determined as of the last business day for which such
prices or quotes are available prior to the date of exercise and shall mean
(i) the last reported sale price (on that date) of the Common Stock on the
principal national securities exchange on which the Common Stock is traded,
if the Common Stock is then traded on a national securities exchange; or
(ii) the last reported sale price (on that date) of the Common Stock on the
Nasdaq National Market (or successor trading system), if the Common Stock
is not then traded on a national securities exchange.
8. Method of Exercising Option. Subject to the terms and conditions of this
agreement, this option may be exercised by written notice to the Company at its
principal executive office, or to such transfer agent as the Company shall
designate. Such notice shall state the election to exercise this option and the
number of Shares for which it is being exercised and shall be signed by the
person or persons so exercising this option. Such notice shall be accompanied by
payment of the full purchase price of such shares, and the Company shall deliver
a certificate or certificates representing such shares as soon as practicable
after the notice shall be received. Such certificate or certificates shall be
registered in the name of the person or persons so exercising this option (or,
if this option shall be exercised by the Optionee and if the Optionee shall so
request in the notice exercising this option, shall be registered in the name of
the Optionee and another person jointly, with right of survivorship). In the
event this option shall be exercised, pursuant to Section 5 hereof, by any
person or persons other than the Optionee, such notice shall be accompanied by
appropriate proof of the right of such person or persons to exercise this
option.
9. Option Not Transferable. This option is not transferable or assignable
except by will or by the laws of descent and distribution. During the Optionee's
lifetime only the Optionee can exercise this option.
10. No Obligation to Exercise Option. The grant and acceptance of this
option imposes no obligation on the Optionee to exercise it.
11. No Obligation to Continue Business Relationship. Neither the Plan, this
agreement, nor the grant of this option imposes any obligation on the Company to
continue the Optionee in employment or other Business Relationship.
12. Adjustments. Except as is expressly provided in the Plan with respect
to certain changes in the capitalization of the Company, no adjustment shall be
made for dividends or similar rights for which the record date is prior to such
date of exercise.
13. Withholding Taxes. If the Company in its discretion determines that it
is obligated to withhold any tax in connection with the exercise of this option,
or in connection with the transfer of, or the lapse of restrictions on, any
Common Stock or other property acquired pursuant to this option, the Optionee
hereby agrees that the Company may withhold from the Optionee's wages or other
remuneration the appropriate amount of tax. At the discretion of the
-4-
Company, the amount required to be withheld may be withheld in cash from such
wages or other remuneration or in kind from the Common Stock or other property
otherwise deliverable to the Optionee on exercise of this option. The Optionee
further agrees that, if the Company does not withhold an amount from the
Optionee's wages or other remuneration sufficient to satisfy the withholding
obligation of the Company, the Optionee will make reimbursement on demand, in
cash, for the amount underwithheld. In the event withholding is satisfied in
kind, only the minimum amount of required withholding shall be made.
14. Early Disposition. The Optionee agrees to notify the Company in writing
immediately after the Optionee transfers any Shares, if such transfer occurs on
or before the later of (a) the date that is two years after the date of this
agreement or (b) the date that is one year after the date on which the Optionee
acquired such Shares. The Optionee also agrees to provide tax purposes.
15. Arbitration. Any dispute, controversy, or claim arising out of, in
connection with, or relating to the performance of this agreement or its
termination shall be settled by arbitration in the Commonwealth of
Massachusetts, pursuant to the rules then obtaining of the American Arbitration
Association. Any award shall be final, binding and conclusive upon the parties
and a judgment rendered thereon may be entered in any court having jurisdiction
thereof.
16. Provision of Documentation to Optionee. By signing this agreement the
Optionee acknowledges receipt of a copy of this agreement and a copy of the
Plan.
17. Miscellaneous.
(a) Notices. All notices hereunder shall be in writing and shall be
deemed given when sent by mail, if to the Optionee, to the address set
forth on the cover page or at the address shown on the records of the
Company, and if to the Company, to the Company's principal executive
offices, attention of the Corporate Secretary.
(b) Entire Agreement; Modification. This agreement constitutes the
entire agreement between the parties relative to the subject matter hereof,
and supersedes all proposals, written or oral, and all other communications
between the parties relating to the subject matter of this agreement. This
agreement may be modified, amended or rescinded only by a written agreement
executed by both parties.
(c) Fractional Shares. If this option becomes exercisable for a
fraction of a share because of the adjustment provisions contained in the
Plan, such fraction shall be rounded down.
(d) Issuances of Securities; Changes in Capital Structure. Except as
expressly provided herein or in the Plan, no issuance by the Company of
shares of stock of any class, or securities convertible into shares of
stock of any class, shall affect, and no adjustment by reason thereof shall
be made with respect to, the number or price of shares subject to this
option. No adjustments need be made for dividends paid in cash or in
property other than securities of the Company. If there shall be any change
in the Common Stock of the Company through merger, consolidation,
reorganization,
-5-
recapitalization, stock dividend, stock split, combination or exchange of
shares, spin-off, split-up or other similar change in capitalization or
event, the restrictions contained in this agreement shall apply with equal
force to additional and/or substitute securities, if any, received by the
Optionee in exchange for, or by virtue of his or her ownership of, Shares,
except as otherwise determined by the Board.
(e) Severability. The invalidity, illegality or unenforceability of
any provision of this agreement shall in no way affect the validity,
legality or enforceability of any other provision.
(f) Successors and Assigns. This agreement shall be binding upon and
inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors
and assigns, subject to the limitations set forth in Section 9 hereof.
(g) Governing Law. This agreement shall be governed by and interpreted
in accordance with the laws of the state of Delaware, without giving effect
to the principles of the conflicts of laws thereof.
IROBOT CORPORATION
NON-QUALIFIED STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT
iRobot Corporation (the "Company") hereby grants the following stock option
pursuant to its 2005 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, as amended from time to
time. The terms and conditions attached hereto are also a part hereof.
Name of optionee (the "Optionee"):
Date of this option grant:
Number of shares of the Company's
Common Stock subject to this option ("Shares"):
Option exercise price per share:
Number, if any, of Shares that may be purchased
on or after the grant date:
Shares that are subject to vesting schedule:
Vesting Start Date:
Vesting Schedule:
One year from Vesting Start Date: ___% of the Shares
Two years from Vesting Start Date: ___% of the Shares
Three years from Vesting Start Date: ___% of the Shares
Four years from Vesting Start Date: ___% of the Shares
Five years from Vesting Start Date: ___% of the Shares
All vesting is dependent on the continuation of a Business Relationship with the
Company, as provided herein.
Payment alternatives: Section 7(a)(i) through (iii)
This option satisfies in full all commitments that the Company has to the
Optionee with respect to the issuance of stock, stock options or other equity
securities.
IROBOT CORPORATION
By:
- ------------------------------------- ------------------------------------
Signature of Optionee Name of Officer:
-----------------------
- ------------------------------------- Title:
Street Address ---------------------------------
- -------------------------------------
City/State/Zip Code
IROBOT CORPORATION
NON-QUALIFIED STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT -- INCORPORATED TERMS AND CONDITIONS
1. Grant Under Plan. This option is granted pursuant to and is governed by
the Company's 2005 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time
(the "Plan") and, unless the context otherwise requires, terms used herein shall
have the same meaning as in the Plan.
2. Designation of Option. This Option is intended to be a Nonstatutory
Stock Option and is not intended to qualify as an Incentive Stock Option as
defined in Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended and the
regulations thereunder (the "Code").
3. Vesting of Option.
(a) Vesting if Business Relationship Continues. The Optionee may
exercise this option on or after the date of this option grant for the
number of shares of Common Stock, if any, set forth (or, to the extent
applicable, derived from the percentages set forth) on the cover page
hereof. If the Optionee has continuously maintained a Business Relationship
(as defined below) with the Company through the dates listed on the vesting
schedule set forth on the cover page hereof, the Optionee may exercise this
option for the additional number of shares of Common Stock set opposite the
applicable vesting date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Board may, in
its discretion, accelerate the date that any installment of this option
becomes exercisable. The foregoing rights are cumulative and may be
exercised only before the date which is seven years from the date of this
option grant.
(b) For purposes hereof, "Business Relationship" shall mean service to
the Company or its successor in the capacity of an employee, officer,
director or consultant.
4. Termination of Business Relationship.
(a) Termination. If the Optionee's Business Relationship with the
Company ceases, voluntarily or involuntarily, with or without cause, no
further installments of this option shall become exercisable, and this
option shall expire (may no longer be exercised) after the passage of three
months from the date of termination, but in no event later than the
scheduled expiration date. Any determination under this agreement as to the
status of a Business Relationship or other matters referred to above shall
be made in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Company.
(b) Employment Status. For purposes hereof, with respect to employees
of the Company, employment shall not be considered as having terminated
during any leave of absence if such leave of absence has been approved in
writing by the Company and if such written approval contractually obligates
the Company to continue the employment of the Optionee after the approved
period of absence; in the event of such an approved leave
-2-
of absence, vesting of this option shall be suspended (and the period of
the leave of absence shall be added to all vesting dates) unless otherwise
provided in the Company's written approval of the leave of absence. For
purposes hereof, a termination of employment followed by another Business
Relationship shall be deemed a termination of the Business Relationship
with all vesting to cease unless the Company enters into a written
agreement related to such other Business Relationship in which it is
specifically stated that there is no termination of the Business
Relationship under this agreement. This option shall not be affected by any
change of employment within or among the Company and its Subsidiaries so
long as the Optionee continuously remains an employee of the Company or any
Subsidiary.
5. Death; Disability.
(a) Death. Upon the death of the Optionee while the Optionee is
maintaining a Business Relationship with the Company, this option may be
exercised, to the extent otherwise exercisable on the date of the
Optionee's death, by the Optionee's estate, personal representative or
beneficiary to whom this option has been transferred pursuant to Section 9,
only at any time within 180 days after the date of death, but not later
than the scheduled expiration date.
(b) Disability. If the Optionee ceases to maintain a Business
Relationship with the Company by reason of his or her disability, this
option may be exercised, to the extent otherwise exercisable on the date of
cessation of the Business Relationship, only at any time within 180 days
after such cessation of the Business Relationship, but not later than the
scheduled expiration date. For purposes hereof, "disability" means
"permanent and total disability" as defined in Section 22(e)(3) of the
Code.
6. Partial Exercise. This option may be exercised in part at any time and
from time to time within the above limits, except that this option may not be
exercised for a fraction of a share.
7. Payment of Exercise Price. The exercise price shall be paid by one or
any combination of the following forms of payment that are applicable to this
option, as indicated on the cover page hereof:
(i) by cash, certified check or bank check payable to the order of
the Company; or
(ii) by delivery of an irrevocable and unconditional undertaking,
satisfactory in form and substance to the Company, by a
creditworthy broker to deliver promptly to the Company sufficient
funds to pay the exercise price, or delivery by the Optionee to
the Company of a copy of irrevocable and unconditional
instructions, satisfactory in form and substance to the Company,
to a creditworthy broker to deliver promptly to the Company cash
or a check sufficient to pay the exercise price; or
-3-
(iii) by delivery of shares of Common Stock having a fair market value
equal as of the date of exercise to the option price. To the
extent required to avoid variable accounting treatment under FAS
123R or other applicable accounting rules, such shares shall have
been owned by the Optionee free of any substantial risk of
forfeiture for at least six months.
In the case of (iii) above, fair market value as of the date of
exercise shall be determined as of the last business day for which such
prices or quotes are available prior to the date of exercise and shall mean
(i) the last reported sale price (on that date) of the Common Stock on the
principal national securities exchange on which the Common Stock is traded,
if the Common Stock is then traded on a national securities exchange; or
(ii) the last reported sale price (on that date) of the Common Stock on the
Nasdaq National Market (or successor trading system), if the Common Stock
is not then traded on a national securities exchange.
8. Method of Exercising Option. Subject to the terms and conditions of this
agreement, this option may be exercised by written notice to the Company at its
principal executive office, or to such transfer agent as the Company shall
designate. Such notice shall state the election to exercise this option and the
number of Shares for which it is being exercised and shall be signed by the
person or persons so exercising this option. Such notice shall be accompanied by
payment of the full purchase price of such shares, and the Company shall deliver
a certificate or certificates representing such shares as soon as practicable
after the notice shall be received. Such certificate or certificates shall be
registered in the name of the person or persons so exercising this option (or,
if this option shall be exercised by the Optionee and if the Optionee shall so
request in the notice exercising this option, shall be registered in the name of
the Optionee and another person jointly, with right of survivorship). In the
event this option shall be exercised, pursuant to Section 5 hereof, by any
person or persons other than the Optionee, such notice shall be accompanied by
appropriate proof of the right of such person or persons to exercise this
option.
9. Option Not Transferable. This option is not transferable or assignable
except by will or by the laws of descent and distribution. During the Optionee's
lifetime only the Optionee can exercise this option.
10. No Obligation to Exercise Option. The grant and acceptance of this
option imposes no obligation on the Optionee to exercise it.
11. No Obligation to Continue Business Relationship. Neither the Plan, this
agreement, nor the grant of this option imposes any obligation on the Company to
continue the Optionee in employment or other Business Relationship.
12. Adjustments. Except as is expressly provided in the Plan with respect
to certain changes in the capitalization of the Company, no adjustment shall be
made for dividends or similar rights for which the record date is prior to such
date of exercise.
-4-
13. Withholding Taxes. If the Company in its discretion determines that it
is obligated to withhold any tax in connection with the exercise of this option,
or in connection with the transfer of, or the lapse of restrictions on, any
Common Stock or other property acquired pursuant to this option, the Optionee
hereby agrees that the Company may withhold from the Optionee's wages or other
remuneration the appropriate amount of tax. At the discretion of the Company,
the amount required to be withheld may be withheld in cash from such wages or
other remuneration or in kind from the Common Stock or other property otherwise
deliverable to the Optionee on exercise of this option. The Optionee further
agrees that, if the Company does not withhold an amount from the Optionee's
wages or other remuneration sufficient to satisfy the withholding obligation of
the Company, the Optionee will make reimbursement on demand, in cash, for the
amount underwithheld. In the event withholding is satisfied in kind, only the
minimum amount of required withholding shall be made.
14. Arbitration. Any dispute, controversy, or claim arising out of, in
connection with, or relating to the performance of this agreement or its
termination shall be settled by arbitration in the Commonwealth of
Massachusetts, pursuant to the rules then obtaining of the American Arbitration
Association. Any award shall be final, binding and conclusive upon the parties
and a judgment rendered thereon may be entered in any court having jurisdiction
thereof.
15. Provision of Documentation to Optionee. By signing this agreement the
Optionee acknowledges receipt of a copy of this agreement and a copy of the
Plan.
16. Miscellaneous.
(a) Notices. All notices hereunder shall be in writing and shall be
deemed given when sent by mail, if to the Optionee, to the address set
forth on the cover page or at the address shown on the records of the
Company, and if to the Company, to the Company's principal executive
offices, attention of the Corporate Secretary.
(b) Entire Agreement; Modification. This agreement constitutes the
entire agreement between the parties relative to the subject matter hereof,
and supersedes all proposals, written or oral, and all other communications
between the parties relating to the subject matter of this agreement. This
agreement may be modified, amended or rescinded only by a written agreement
executed by both parties.
(c) Fractional Shares. If this option becomes exercisable for a
fraction of a share because of the adjustment provisions contained in the
Plan, such fraction shall be rounded down.
(d) Issuances of Securities; Changes in Capital Structure. Except as
expressly provided herein or in the Plan, no issuance by the Company of
shares of stock of any class, or securities convertible into shares of
stock of any class, shall affect, and no adjustment by reason thereof shall
be made with respect to, the number or price of shares subject to this
option. No adjustments need be made for dividends paid in cash or in
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property other than securities of the Company. If there shall be any change
in the Common Stock of the Company through merger, consolidation,
reorganization, recapitalization, stock dividend, stock split, combination
or exchange of shares, spin-off, split-up or other similar change in
capitalization or event, the restrictions contained in this agreement shall
apply with equal force to additional and/or substitute securities, if any,
received by the Optionee in exchange for, or by virtue of his or her
ownership of, Shares, except as otherwise determined by the Board.
(e) Severability. The invalidity, illegality or unenforceability of
any provision of this agreement shall in no way affect the validity,
legality or enforceability of any other provision.
(f) Successors and Assigns. This agreement shall be binding upon and
inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors
and assigns, subject to the limitations set forth in Section 9 hereof.
(g) Governing Law. This agreement shall be governed by and interpreted
in accordance with the laws of the state of Delaware, without giving effect
to the principles of the conflicts of laws thereof.
Exhibit 23.2
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby consent to the use in this Amendment No. 2 to the Registration
Statement on Form S-1 of our report dated May 4, 2005, except for Note 17, as to
which the date is May 26, 2005 relating to the financial statements of iRobot
Corporation, which appears in such Registration Statement. We also consent to
the reference to us under the heading "Experts" in such Registration Statement.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
September 30, 2005
S.E.C. Response Letter
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Edward A. King |
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Goodwin Procter LLP |
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617.570.1346
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Counsellors at Law |
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eking@goodwinprocter.com
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Exchange Place |
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Boston, MA 02109 |
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T: 617.570.1000 |
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F: 617.523.1231 |
September 30, 2005
United States Securities and Exchange Commission
Division of Corporation Finance
100 F Street N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549-3561
Attention: Michele M. Anderson
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Re: |
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iRobot Corporation
Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement on Form S-1
File No. 333-126907
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Ladies and Gentlemen:
This letter is being furnished on behalf of iRobot Corporation (the Company) in response
to comments contained in the letter dated September 23, 2005 (the Letter) from Michele M.
Anderson of the Staff (the Staff) of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
Commission) to Colin M. Angle, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, with respect to
Amendment No. 1 to the Companys Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (File No. 333-126907) (as amended, the Registration
Statement). Amendment No. 2 to the
Registration Statement (as amended, Amendment No. 2), including the prospectus contained therein, is
being filed on behalf of the Company with the Commission as of the date hereof.
The responses and supplementary information set forth below have been organized in the same manner
in which the Commissions comments were organized and all page references in the Companys response
are to Amendment No. 2 as marked. Copies of this letter and its attachments are being sent under
separate cover to Ted Yu of the Commission. The Company respectfully requests that the Staff
return to us all material supplementally provided by the Company once the Staff has completed its
review.
General
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We note the artwork that will be used in the prospectus. We further note the numerous quoted
statements from certain users of your products. In your response letter, please |
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explain why consents from the quoted individuals are not required. Refer to Rule 436 of
Regulation C. Alternatively, file the consents of the quoted individuals. In addition,
please remove any statements that may constitute inappropriate hyping language, such as
Roomba is awesome. |
RESPONSE: The artwork contained in Amendment No. 2 has been revised in response to the Staffs
comment.
The Company acknowledges the Staffs comment regarding the testimonials from certain
users of the Companys products (the Users)
and supplementally advises the Staff
that it does not believe that consents from these quoted individuals are required to be filed with
Amendment No. 2 under Section 7 (Section 7) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended
(the Securities Act) and Rule 436 (Rule 436) promulgated by the Commission
thereunder. Section 7 provides, in relevant part, that:
If any accountant, engineer, or appraiser, or any person whose profession gives authority
to a statement made by him, is named as having prepared or certified any part of the
registration statement, or is named as having prepared or certified a report or valuation
for use in connection with the registration statement, the written consent of such person
shall be filed with the registration statement. If any such person is named as having
prepared or certified a report or valuation (other than a public official document or
statement) which is used in connection with the registration statement, but is not named as
having prepared or certified such report or valuation for use in connection with the
registration statement, the written consent of such person shall be filed with the
registration statement...
Rule 436 requires such consents only:
If any portion of the report or opinion of an expert or counsel is quoted or summarized as
such in the registration statement or in a prospectus...[or][i]f it is stated that any
information contained in the registration statement has been reviewed or passed upon by any
persons and that such information is set forth in the registration statement upon the
authority of or in reliance upon such person as experts...
The Company respectfully submits that the Users quoted in the prospectus are not experts within
the meaning of the Securities Act and, as a result, is not required to file any experts consents
for the reasons that follow.
The personal experiences of the Users reflected in the quotations should not be likened to the work
performed by experts, such as an audit of financial statements by an
independent registered public accounting firm. The
Users do not fall within the category of accountant, engineer, or appraiser, or any person whose
profession gives authority to a statement made by him, but rather are customers or
end-users of the Companys products. Inherent in the notion of an experts professional stature and
of expertised information, within the meaning of Section 7 and Rule 436, is that such experts
professional education and experience lends special authority to certain statements contained in a
registration statement and that objective, rigorous and verifiable standards may be applied in
evaluating its analysis and/or work product so as to make those
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portions of a registration statement prepared or certified by it more precise and reliable than
others. Here, the Users do not possess any professional education or
experience other than their personal experience with the product. The Users testimonials about
their personal experiences with the Companys products do not rise to the level of expertised
information given the limited, basic nature of the quotations. To characterize the Users as experts
would attribute to them a degree of professional education and special authority and to their
quotations a degree of analytic review based on objective, rigorous and verifiable standards akin
to that associated with independent accountants and their reports regarding financial statements
contained in a registration statement. Such a characterization would be inconsistent with the facts
and would be misleading to investors because they would place undue reliance on, and take undue
comfort from, the characterization of the Users as experts. In this
regard, the Company has revised the artwork to make clear that the
statements are being made solely as users of the Companys
products.
In
addition, the Users are not named as having prepared or
certified any part of the or named as having prepared or certified a report or valuation for use in
connection with the Registration Statement, since there is no report or opinion to be quoted or
summarized as such in the Registration Statement. Moreover, the Registration Statement does not state or
imply that the Users are experts who have reviewed or passed upon any information contained in it,
as these phrases and terms are used by Section 7 and Rule 436. On the contrary, each of the
testimonials were voluntarily provided by the Users completely independent of the registration
process.
The Company respectfully submits that, in light of the analysis provided above, the Users
referenced in the artwork to the prospectus are not experts within the meaning of the Securities
Act and, as a result, the Company is not required to file any experts consents as exhibits to the
Registration Statement.
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In your response letter, please clarify whether the current Form S-1 is intended to register
the series A-1 junior participating cumulative preferred stock underlying the rights granted
under the shareholder rights agreement. If not, confirm your understanding of our position
that you must register the underlying securities before the rights are exercisable and the
registration statement must be effective before securities are issued pursuant to the exercise
of the rights. |
RESPONSE: The Company supplementally advises the Staff that the Registration Statement is not
intended to register the series A-1 junior participating cumulative preferred stock underlying the
rights granted under the shareholder rights agreement. The Company supplementally confirms its
understanding of the Staffs position that the Company must register the underlying securities
before the rights are exercisable and that the Registration Statement must be effective before
securities are issued pursuant to the exercise of the rights.
Prospectus Summary, page 1
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Revise the first bullet under Risks Associated with our Business to quantify your
historical net losses and accumulated deficit. |
RESPONSE: The prospectus contained in Amendment No. 2 has been revised on page 3 in response to
the Staffs comment.
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Risk Factors, page 6
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Please revise the subheadings for the risk factors Our directors and management exercise
significant control over our company and We do not currently intend to pay dividends on our
common stock so that they better describe the risks discussed. |
RESPONSE: The prospectus contained in Amendment No. 2 has been revised on pages 22 and 23 in
response to the Staffs comment.
We depend on single source manufacturers..., page 9
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Disclose that you do not have any long-term contracts with Jetta Company Limited and that its
manufacturing services are contracted for on a purchase order basis, as indicated in your
response to prior comment 14. Also revise to address any risks resulting from this
arrangement between you and Jetta Company Limited. |
RESPONSE:
The prospectus contained in Amendment No. 2 has been revised on page 9 in response to
the Staffs comment.
If we fail to protect, or incur significant costs in defending, our intellectual property...,
page 16
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Please revise to indicate that the company is currently aware of possible infringement by
competitors on its intellectual property and has taken legal action against these competitors.
We note from the May 10, 2005 PC World article that the company has taken legal
action against Koolatron. Your revised discussion should better describe the extent of any
current infringement on the companys intellectual property. |
RESPONSE:
The prospectus contained in Amendment No. 2 has been revised on
page 17 in response to
the Staffs comment.
Managements Discussion and Analysis, page 30
Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2004 and 2004
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As previously requested by prior comment 32 of our August 26, 2005 letter, please provide
quantified disclosure regarding the impact that the addition of new retailers had on your
revenues. Readers should understand how much of the increase in revenues that occurred during
this period can be attributed to the addition of new retailers. In addition, you should state
the precise number of new retailers added during these historical periods. Apply similar
revisions to all relevant historical periods, as applicable. |
RESPONSE:
The prospectus contained in Amendment No. 2 has been revised on
pages 38, 40 and 41
in response to the Staffs comment.
Working Capital Facility, page 45
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Briefly describe the certain quarterly tangible net worth thresholds that you must maintain
under the terms of the working capital facility. |
RESPONSE:
The prospectus contained in Amendment No. 2 has been revised on
page 46 in response to
the Staffs comment.
Working Capital and Capital Expenditure Needs, page 46
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We note your response to prior comment 38 of our August 26, 2005 letter. Disclose that the
company does not have detailed cash forecasts for beyond December 31, 2005. Explain the
basis of the companys belief that it has sufficient liquidity for at least the next twelve
months and the foreseeable future, despite the lack of cash forecasts. Readers should be
informed of the degree of uncertainty in the companys current assessment of its future cash
needs and the possible consequences resulting from this uncertainty. |
RESPONSE:
The prospectus contained in Amendment No. 2 has been revised on
page 46 in response to
the Staffs comment. As a point of clarification, the Company supplementally advises the Staff that
it does have an operating plan that extends beyond December 31, 2005. The Company believes that its
current operating plan supports its position that it has sufficient liquidity for at least the next
twelve months and for the foreseeable future. The Companys lack of a detailed cash forecast
beyond such date, however, makes it impracticable and potentially misleading to quantify its future
cash needs beyond the existing disclosure.
Government Product Backlog, page 66
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We note your response to prior comment 53 of our August 26, 205 letter. Please disclose in
the registration statement that you do not have information regarding the backlog orders for a
comparable date within the past fiscal year. Also explain why such information was not kept
in the past. |
RESPONSE:
The prospectus contained in Amendment No. 2 has been revised on page 66 in response to
the Staffs comment.
Shares Eligible for Future Sale, page 85
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We note your response to prior comment 61 of our August 26, 2005 letter. Please disclose in
the registration statement the following information: |
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there are no pre-established conditions for waiving the lock-up agreements terms
and that the underwriters will make any determination to release the shares on a
case-by-case basis; |
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the underwriters have sole discretion in determining if, and when, the lock-up
agreements terms are waived; and |
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the company currently does not expect any waiver. |
RESPONSE:
The prospectus contained in Amendment No. 2 has been revised on
pages 85 and 86 in response to
the Staffs comment.
Financial Statements
Note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Revenue Recognition, page F-8
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We note your response to prior comment 68. Regarding your statistical analysis labeled
Appendix I Cumulative Return % for Total Sales as of 2/28/04, please provide us with
updated statistical information for cumulative returns as a percentage of total sales,
including for the period ending July 2, 2005. |
RESPONSE: The Company will supplementally provide the Staff via overnight courier a copy of
updated statistical information for cumulative returns as a percentage of total sales, including
for the period ending July 2, 2005.
Note 10 Stock Option Plan, page F-17
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We reissue prior comment 72. Please revise your next amendment and comply with the
disclosures outlined in our comment. For instance, we believe you do need to include the
table as shown in your September 12, 2005 letter, and we also believe that your MD&A should
fully discuss the significant factors, assumptions, and methodologies used in determining fair
value and the reasons why management did not use a contemporaneous valuation by an unrelated
specialist. Please note again that we will defer our final evaluation of your response until
you provide all disclosures required in your registration statement. In this regard, we note
that your Form S-1 does not include the estimated price range for the initial public offering. |
RESPONSE:
The prospectus contained in Amendment No. 2 has been revised on
pages 34, 35, F-19 and F-20 in
response to the Staffs comment. In addition, to facilitate the Staffs review of the Registration
Statement to the extent such review is impacted by the valuation of
the Companys common stock, par value
$0.01 per share (the Common Stock), the Company supplementally advises
the Staff that it has been advised that the price range for the Common Stock to be sold in the proposed initial
public offering is expected to be between $23.00 and $25.00 per share. The Company did not include a price
range in the prospectus contained in Amendment No. 2 because it felt that it was too difficult to
firmly estimate what the price will ultimately be. Nevertheless, the Company feels that it can
provide an estimated price range that the Company would expect to use, assuming market conditions
are favorable. While still subject to adjustment based on factors outside of the Companys control,
the Company believes the range is not subject to an undue risk of material revision.
Note 16 Business Segment Information, page F-22
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We reissue prior comment 73. Please note that paragraph 32(b) of SFAS 131 requires that you
shall provide reconciliation between the total of the reportable segments measures of profit
and loss, which, in your case, would be gross profit or loss, to the enterprises
consolidated income or loss before income taxes, extraordinary items, discontinued operations,
and the cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles. Please revise or advise. |
RESPONSE:
The prospectus contained in Amendment No. 2 has been revised on
page F-26 in response
to the Staffs comment.
If you require additional information, please telephone either Mark T. Bettencourt at (617)
570-1091 or the undersigned at (617) 570-1346.
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Sincerely,
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/s/ Edward A. King
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Edward A. King |
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cc: |
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Glen D. Weinstein, Esq.
Mark T. Bettencourt, Esq.
Christopher Keenan, Esq.
Michael J. Berdik, Esq.
Omar White, Esq. |
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